• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk muscle strengthening exercises on balance performance of sitting posture and upper extremity function, targeting the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. METHODS: 20 children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy were sampled at random and the tests were conducted for 6 weeks, 3 times per week. For experimental groups, basic physical therapy and trunk muscle strengthening exercises were conducted and for control groups, only basic physical therapy was conducted. BPM(Balance Performance Monitor) was used to measure balance performance and QUEST(quality of upper extremity skills test) was used to measure the upper extremity function. RESULTS: The comparison of changes in sitting balance performance in between experimental groups and control groups show significant difference (p<.05), the changes of the upper extremity function in experimental groups and control groups show significant difference (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Trunk muscle strengthening exercises are effective in improving balance performance and the upper extremity function for the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2013

The purpose in the present study was to examine the effects of weight-bearing exercises on stroke patients' ability to perform upper extremity activities. Experiments were conducted with 24 female stroke patients who were randomly assigned to either a control group (CG) that performed general exercise or an experimental group that performed weight-bearing exercise (WBG). The experiments were conducted for 30 minutes per time, three times per week for six weeks. The upper extremity functions, grasping power, and the ability to manipulate the fingers were measured for both groups before the experiments and again six weeks after the beginning of the experiments. Although the scores for upper extremity functions relating to raising the arms that correspond to proximal upper extremity functions increased in both groups, the WBG showed more significant improvement. The WBG showed significant changes in grasping power compared to the CG. Based on these results, weight-bearing exercise can be effective in improving the ability to perform upper extremity movements and grasping power and thus can be used in stroke rehabilitation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.520-530
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training and transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb function in stroke patients. The study group was divided into 13 experimental groups with occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training and transcranial direct current stimulation, and 13 controls with only occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training. A total of 4 weeks, 50 minutes, 5 times a week conducted, the patients were tested with Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM), Accelerometer, Fugle-Meyer Assessment(FMA), and Motor Activity Log(MAL). As a result of the study, the experimental group and the control group showed significant improvement in both occupation satisfaction and performance, usage of the affected side and the tendon side, recovery of upper limb function, and quality of movement, In particular, the experimental group showed a significant difference in the amount of the affected side than the control group. Therefore, it was found that the combination of occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training and transcranial direct current stimulation had a positive effect on the recovery of upper limb function in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, we tried to determine the effect of upper extremity training such as functional reaching on improved trunk control and ADL performance in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Methods: We randomly selected 11 stroke patients in the hospital, who had a problem with the upper extremity, trunk and ADL performance. The patients were divided into the conservative training group and the functional reaching training group. We applied general occupational therapy only in the conservative training group whereas we applied upper extremity training with a focus on functional reaching in the functional reaching training group. To compare the two groups we used several assessment tools such as Modified Barthel Index (MBI), total Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), static TIS, dynamic TIS and coordinative TIS. Results: The results obtained were as follows: (1) In the functional reaching training group, there was a statistically significant difference in the total TIS score, dynamic TIS score, and MBI. (2) We compared the results obtained before training with the changes in the results obtained after training and found that there was a relation between the assessment outcomes. Especially, static TIS score showed a relation in both groups. Conclusion: Functional reaching training influenced both the trunk control and ADL performance. Especially, the functional reaching training group demonstrated better static trunk control ability than the conservative treatment group.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2013

Objective: Clinical measures that quantify upper extremity function are needed for the accurate evaluation of patients and to plan an intervention strategy. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Motor Exam and upper extremity performance as a quantifying clinical tool of upper extremity function in persons with Parkinson's disease. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty-two idiopathic Parkinson's Disease persons participated in this study. To investigate the relationship between the UPDRS-motor exam, Box and Block test (BBT), and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) by two physical therapists. The examination took up to 1 hour, and the participants were invited to rest between each clinical measure in order to minimize the effects of fatigue. Clinical measures were assessed while the subjects were in the "on" phase of their medication cycle, generally 1-3 hour after taking their anti-Parkinson's medications. Results: In more affected side, the UPDRS-motor exam was significantly negative correlated with the BBT (p<0.05) but it was not significantly correlated with the ARAT. In less affected side, only positively correlation was significantly shown between BBT and ARAT (p<0.05). On the other hand, between BBT and ARAT were not significantly correlated with the UPDRS-motor exam. Conclusions: The UPDRS-motor exam is effective tool which was significantly correlated with manual dexterity in more affected upper extremity. But The UPDRS-motor exam is not effective tool in less affected upper extremity.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of the activities of daily living (ADL) by the motor learning program for upper extremity in stroke patients. The subjects were sixty-two members who were treated at the department of occupational therapy. The ADL were measured with Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The result's were as fol1ows; 1. The ability to perform daily activities after treatment was significantly increased independent of age, gender, cause, affected side and speech disability (p<.01). The differences between the pre-treatment and the post-treatment was no significant correlation to sex, cause, affected side and duration of treatment, but the speech disability was significant. Therefore the pre-treatment scores and post-treatment scores were significantly different. 2. The variation of the pre-treatment and the post-treatment in the detail item to the performance of daily life of the stroke patients through the upper extremity motor learning program was significantly increased in self-care, sphincter control, locomotion, mobility, communication and social cognition (p<.01) Consequently, The motor learning program for upper extremity significantly improved the performance level of all ADL areas in stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of ipsilesional movement deficit, with segmental performance in each proximal or distal upper extremity. The visuoperceptual complex task of the ipsilesional upper extremity was investigated in patients with unilateral brain damage and a control group of healthy sex-age-matched controls. Tracking movements were tested in the proximal and distal upper extremities. Movements were measured by the accuracy index, which was normalized to each subject's own range of motion and took into account any differences between subjects in the excursion of the tracking target. The findings revealed that stroke patients experienced difficulties with tracking movement of both proximal and distal segments in the upper extremities on the so-called "non-affected side", irrespectively of the extent of patient's age, time since onset, or severity of contralateral upper extremity. Therefore, the unilateral brain damage affected ipsilateral motor function of the proximal and distal upper limbs in the performance of complex motor tasks, requiring central processing and the higher order cognitive function in the integrity of both hemispheres.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2022

Objective: Electrical stimulation is an assistive technology used to aid the recovery of upper limb use after stroke. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effects of electrical stimulation on upper extremity function in individuals with hemiparetic stroke and to develop an evidence base that supports the use of electrical stimulation for upper limb recovery after stroke. Design: A systematic review based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Studies published before April 20 2021 were collected for this review by searching PubMed, four other databases, and RCTs that reported the effects of electrical stimulation on upper extremity function in individuals with the characteristic stroke type. Information on the following parameters was extracted from each study: surname of first author, published year, country, participants, intervention, intervention's intensity, comparison, outcomes, additional therapy, and summary of results. This review also evaluated the bias within each study, including any selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias, and reporting bias. Results: This review included five RCTs, and 208 stroke patients were included in the analysis. Stroke patients who underwent electrical stimulation showed significantly improved grip and pinch strengths, wrist range of motion, and basic daily living compared to those in the control group; however, there was no improvement in upper extremity function. Of the selected papers, 60% showed a "high risk" of performance bias, and 20% showed a "high risk" of detection bias. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review suggest that electrical stimulation provides some benefits to stroke patients, such as improved hand strength and range of motion. However, future studies are needed to provide clinical evidence of the effects of electrical stimulation on upper extremity function in stroke patients.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aimed to find gender distinctions in terms of the sociology of the population; to determine work-related factors; to analyze gender differences in daily living, work, sports, and art performances; and to identify gender-related factors that limited performance of daily living and work activities. Methods: A questionnaire was designed that included disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH), accident history, disease history, work duration at current workplace, marital status, job satisfaction, job autonomy, and physical demands of the job. Out of 1,853 workers surveyed, 1,173 questionnaires (63.3%; 987 males, 186 females) included responses to DASH disability and DASH optional work and were judged acceptable for analysis. Results: Upper extremity functional limitation during work and daily living was higher for females than males. The limitations for males increased according to their household work time, accident history, work duration, job satisfaction, physical demand, and job autonomy. Meanwhile, female workers' upper extremity discomfort was influenced by their disease history, job satisfaction, and physical demands. In addition, the size of the company affected male workers' upper extremity function, while marriage and hobbies influenced that of female workers. Conclusion: This study addressed sociodemographic factors and work-related factors that affect each gender's upper extremity function during daily living and working activities. Each factor had a different influence. Further studies are needed to identify the effect that role changes, not being influenced by risks at work, have on musculoskeletal disorders.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-22
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• 2016

Objective : This study was conducted to review about instrument for bilateral upper extremity assessment. Methods : We searched published papers in Medline database. The keywords used in the search were 'upper extremity' and 'motor activity', 'activities of daily living' and 'assessment', 'instrument', 'disability evaluations'. In total of 68 papers, 44 assessment instruments was extracted. We analyzed about numbers, subjects, methods, reliability, validity, responsiveness of assessment instruments about bilateral upper limb function comparing unilateral, combined bilateral and unilateral instruments. Results : The numbers of bilateral measurement tool were 2 in a total of upper extremity measurement tools. Also, subjects were patients with stroke and measurement was based on performance. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of tools were high. Conclusions : Futher study will be needed to development and research about instrument of bilateral upper extremity.