• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2015

The synthesis of chimeras is a breeding approach for horticultural crops. In our breeding program, a new diploid citrus chimera, named 'Hongrou Taoye' (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck + Citrus unshiu Marc.), was found arising at the junction where a 'Taoye' sweet orange (C. sinensis) scion was grafted onto Satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu). As an artificial chimera, its fruit traits derived from the L1 cell layer, with juice color and carotenoid complement, in which ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin accumulated predominantly, similar to those of Satsuma mandarin. By contrast, traits originating from the L2/L3 cell layer, including pollen, seed, and rind aroma characteristics, were the same as those of 'Taoye' sweet orange (the scion). SSR and cpSSR analyses showed that both nuclear and chloroplast genomes of the chimera were a combination of both donor parents. 'Hongrou Taoye' thus combined the valuable traits of both donor plants, and therefore has good potential in citrus fresh market.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.226-228
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• 2013

2012년 경상남도 진주시 농산물도매시장에 판매중인 감귤에서 분홍빛열매썩음병이 발생하였다. 병징은 감귤 과실 표면이 수침상으로 물러지고 썩으면서 그 위에 분홍빛 곰팡이가 많이 형성되었다. 균총의 색깔은 처음에 흰색이고 배양기간이 경과됨에 따라 배지 표면에 분홍빛의 분생포자가 많이 형성되었다. 균사생육 적온은 $25^{\circ}C$이었다. 분생포자의 모양은 서양배형이며 좌우 zigzag로 부착하며 성숙한 분생포자는 2세포로 되어 있으며 크기는 $12-26{\times}8-12{\mu}m$이었다. 분생자경은 균사표면에 직립으로 형성하고, 폭이 4-5 ${\mu}m$이고 무색이었다. rDNA의 complete internal transcribed spacer(ITS) 영역의 염기서열을 분석하였고, 분석된 염기서열(613 bp)을 BLASTN 프로그램으로 확인한 결과, Trichothecium roseum와 99%의 상동성을 나타내었다. 이와 같이 감귤에서 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 기초로 하여 이 병을 Trichothecium roseum(Pers.) Link ex Gray에 의한 감귤 분홍빛열매썩음병으로 명명하고자 제안한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2011

감귤은 국내 및 동남아시아 지역에서 많이 즐기는 식품 중 하나이며, 이러한 감귤류의 껍질을 건조시킨 것을 진피라고 한다. 이러한 진피는 한방에서는 이뇨작용, 비장기능을 강화하는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 천연 플라보노이드를 다량 함유하고 있어 학계에서 여러 분야로 연구가 되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 플라보노이드 배당체를 함유한 진피 추출물을 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 효소를 이용하여 아글리콘(aglycone)으로 변환 할 수 있도록 치마버섯 배양을 실시하였다. 진피 발효 배양액을 HPLC를 이용하여 분석하였으며, UVA에 의한 광손상 보호능을 섬유아세포를 이용하여 측정하였다. 진피 발효 배양액은 COX-2, LOX-5와 같은 항염증 관련 대사에도 관여하여 염증완화에도 도움을 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 각질 형성세포를 이용한 interleukin-$1{\alpha}$를 측정한 결과 진피발효배양액 처리군의 저해활성이 더 높았다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 진피발효 배양액은 피부에 대한 항염 및 항산화 효과가 우수한 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.208-220
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of juice powders from sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], unshiu mikan (Citrus unshiu Marcow), and mini tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and their major flavonoids, hesperidin, narirutin, and rutin in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The increased reactive oxygen species and decreased glutathione levels observed in t-BHP-treated HepG2 cells were ameliorated by pretreatment with juice powders, indicating that the hepatoprotective effects of juice powders and their major flavonoids are mediated by induction of cellular defense against oxidative stress. Moreover, pretreatment with juice powders up-regulated phase-II genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thereby preventing cellular damage and the resultant increase in HO-1 expression. The high-performance liquid chromatography profiles of the juice powders confirmed that hesperidin, narirutin, and rutin were the key flavonoids present. Our results suggest that these fruit juice powders and their major flavonoids provide a significant cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress, which is most likely due to the flavonoid-related bioactive compounds present, leading to the normal redox status of cells. Therefore, these fruit juice powders could be advantageous as bioactive sources for the prevention of oxidative injury in hepatoma cells.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2003

과수를 기주식물로 하는 깍지벌레의 종을 파악하기 위해 2001-2002년에 사과 등 11종의 과수를 대상으로 조사한 결과와 농업과학기술원에 소장하고 있는 과수에서 채집된 표본을 동정한 결과, 총 5과 21속 29종의 깍지벌레가 확인되었다. 작물별로 사과나무에서는 10종, 배나무에서 9종, 복숭아나무에서 3종, 귤나무에서 14종, 감나무에서 9종, 자두나무에서 2종, 매실나무에서 1종, 유자나무에서 10종, 포도에서 1종, 대추나무에서 4종 그리고 참다래나무에서 3종이 확인되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2018

The application of 112 samples of Citrus fruit peel, which is commonly cultivated in Korea as crude drug, has been limited due to the absence of criteria concerning chemical constituents and application of itself. In the context, this study is on the analysis of 11 flavonoid compounds. As a result, the flavonoid pattern could be classified into 5 groups. Furthermore, by utilizing this HPLC data, this study could provide a basis for fruit peel applications of not only Citrus unshiu, but also its cultivars, hybrids and some of Citrus plants which has been cultivated in Jeju Island for a long time. Moondan could be used for the same purposes as Chinese Huajuhong, and Poncirus trifoliata of Korean Jisil origin are effective enough, in terms of ingredients and function, compared with C. aurantium. Based on the content and composition of the PMF region in this study, C. unshiu and C. reticulata, as Tanaka System shows, should be considered as different hortcultural speicies. Also, Jikak, which is known as 'sour orange' until now, is confirmed as Chosen-daidai, C. tenuissima, that was reported by Tanaka in 1970, and this C. tenuissima could be used for the same purposes as sour orange.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.184-187
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• 2008

A new early maturing satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) 'Haryejosaeng' was developed as a nucellar seedling selection of 'Tachima Wase' (C. unshiu Marc.) that was crossed with C. natsudaidai Hayata at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture in Jeju island in 1992. The 'Jegam ga No. 2', a first selection from the seedlings fruited in 2001 was finally named "Haryejosaeng" through field evaluation trials at three locations in Jeju island from 2003 to 2004. 'Haryejosaeng' produces seedless fruit maturing in early November, and has higher soluble solids and lower acidity than 'Miyagawa Wase', the leading early-maturing satsuma mandarin cultivar in Jeju island. Fruit weight is moderate at about 80~90 g and its shape is compressed-oblate globose with a light orange color. The rind thickness of about 2 mm provides easy peeling. The flesh shows light orange colored and contains 10 to 11 Brix and 1 to 1.1% acidity when mature. Tree shows vigorous growth and spreading thornless twigs. Alternate bearing is similar to 'Miyagawa Wase'. 'Haryejosaeng' is susceptible to citrus scab disease and melanose, but resistant to citrus canker.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.588-594
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• 1997

제주산 온주밀감(Citrus unshiu)을 이용한 양조주를 제조하는데 적합한 효모를 선별하고, 밀감양조주의 품질에 직접적으로 연관된 효모의 citric acid 분해능에 대해서 기초조사를 실시하였다. 밀감양조주용으로 활용가능하다고 판단된 균주는 모두 11주이었다. 제주지역의 토양을 중심으로 5개의 효모균주를 분리, 선별하였는데, 그중 4개 주는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 나머지 1개 주는 S. ellipsoideus로 동정되었다. 한편 분양 균주 18주 중에서 선별된 균주는 6개 주로, S. cerevisiae 계통의 3개 주와 S. coreanus, S. uvarum, S. sake 각각 1개 주었다. 이중에서 S. cerevisiae 2개 균주의 citric acid 분해능을 조사하였다. Citric acid는 효모의 유일한 탄소원으로는 이용될 수 없었으나, citric acid가 glucose와 함께 탄소원으로 사용되었을 때, 배양액 중의 citric acid 농도는 감소하였으며, 정치배양 보다 진탕배양하였을 때 더 많이 감소하였다. 효모에 의한 citric acid의 이용은 ethanol 농도를 증가시키지 못하였으며, 오히려 citric acid는 효모의 생육을 부분적으로 저해하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

Hesperidin, a member of the flavanone group of flavonoids, can be isolated in large amounts from the rinds of some citrus species [e.g., Citrus aurantium L. (bitter orange), Citrus sinensis L. (sweet orange) and Citrus unshiu Marcov. (satsuma mandarin)], and has been reported to have anticarcinogenic, antihypotensive and antimicrobial properties. Despite the efficacy of these polyphenolic compounds as immune modulators, the effects of the flavonoids are poorly understood about allergic effect. In this study, we investigated whether hesperidin could influence on Th1 and Th2 balance. Allergic reactions included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung tissue around blood vessels and airways, airway luminal narrowing, the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of hesperidin before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, this study may provide evidence that hesperidin plays a critical role in the amelioration of the pathogenetic process of asthma in mice. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of hesperidin in terms of its effects in a murine model of asthma, and also broaden current perspectives in our understanding of the immunopharmacological functions of hesperidin.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.525-529
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• 2013

As most of citrus, shiranuhi mandarin ((Citrus unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) ${\times}$ C. reticulata) mainly use the trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) as its rootstock which has dwarf and cold hardness in Korea. However, recently, scion root was observed in 'Shiranuhi' mandarin tree grafted onto the trifoliate orange. This study was carried out to find out effects of scion root occurrence on the fruit quality, flowering and yield of shiranuhi mandarin. For the experiment, we selected six farmers who have outbreak of scion root in their Shiranuhi mandarin orchards and surveyed the difference of fruit quality of shiranuhi mandarin hybrid between scion root and control (trifoliate orange root). In the results, flowering was severely decreased in scion root trees compared to control. As a result of survey of 174 Shiranuhi mandarins, 160 trees were proved to be scion root, and had less flowering. Fruiting of scion root also severely dropped compared to control and thus, yields of scion root (6.4 kg) reduced by 24% compared to control (26.7 kg). The fruit size, weight and soluble solid contents of scion root were significantly reduced, but there were no differences in acid contents and coloring of fruit. From the results, we concluded that scion root had negative influence on flowering, fruit size and the yields of Shrinanuhi mandarin hybrid.