• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.76.2-77
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.343-347
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Control of alternate bearing satsuma mandarin in Jeju is very important to maintain the optimum price of fruit and get the sustainable income of farmers. Unlike orange, Satsuma mandarin is well known to sensitive on alternate bearing. We carried out the experiment to know the effect of foliar application of $GA_3$ on the flowering and fruit quality of satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa). METHODS AND RESULTS: To experiment, the treatments consist of control, different concentration of $GA_3$ (25, 50 and 100 mg/L), machine oil emulsion 100 times and mixture of various concentration of $GA_3$ (25 and 50 mg/L) with machine oil emulsion 100 times which it was applied on 15 year-old Miyagawa satsuma mandarin at December 29, 2011. Foliar application of $GA_3$ in winter reduced the flowering of satsuma mandarin. Flower-leaf ratio was significantly reduced at 100 mg/L $GA_3$, while no differences observed in low concentration of $GA_3$ (25 and 50 mg/L). However, it was significantly decreased to 0.19 in application of $GA_3$ 25 and 50 mg/L with machine oil emulsion 100 times mixture. Number of leaves per fruit was significantly increased as foliar application of $GA_3$ also it reduced the fruits remarkably. Soluble solid contents and Hunter's a of peel color ratio showed no difference among $GA_3$ single treatments, but it was reduced in $GA_3$ 25 and 50 mg/L with machine oil emulsion 100 times mixtures significantly. From the results, it has been found that higher $GA_3$ concentration can reduce the number of flowers on the alternate bearing of satsuma mandarin. However, it was found that lower concentration of $GA_3$ with machine oil emulsion mixture 100 times can reduce flowering. CONCLUSION(S): The foliar application of $GA_3$ (100 mg/L) can alleviate alternate beraring. Also, mixture of lower concentration of $GA_3$ with machine oil emulsion 100 times can retard flowering more significantly while it needs further confirmation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.599-605
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Citrus flavonoids have a variety of physiological properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity. We investigated whether bioconversion of Citrus unshiu with cytolase (CU-C) ameliorates the anti-adipogenic effects by modulation of adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Glycoside forms of Citrus unshiu (CU) were converted into aglycoside forms with cytolase treatment. Cell viability of CU and CU-C was measured at various concentrations in 3T3L-1 cells. The anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects were examined using Oil red O staining and free glycerol assay, respectively. We performed real time-polymerase chain reaction and western immunoblotting assay to detect mRNA and protein expression of adipogenic transcription factors, respectively. RESULTS: Treatment with cytolase decreased flavanone rutinoside forms (narirutin and hesperidin) and instead, increased flavanone aglycoside forms (naringenin and hesperetin). During adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with CU or CU-C at a dose of 0.5 mg/ml. Adipocyte differentiation was inhibited in CU-C group, but not in CU group. CU-C markedly suppressed the insulin-induced protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) as well as the mRNA levels of $CEBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c). Both CU and CU-C groups significantly increased the adipolytic activity with the higher release of free glycerol than those of control group in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CU-C is particularly superior in suppression of adipogenesis, whereas CU-C has similar effect to CU on stimulation of lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that bioconversion of Citrus unshiu peel extracts with cytolase enhances aglycoside flavonoids and improves the anti-adipogenic metabolism via both inhibition of key adipogenic transcription factors and induction of adipolytic activity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.357-362
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• 2006

We assessed various antioxidant activities, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) radical scavenging effect, along with antioxidant capacity, of soybean oil with added Citrus species peel extracts (CPEs). These extract oils showed higher radical scavenging effects than grape fruit seed extract, the natural antioxidant agent, did. When CPEs were added to soybean oil, they showed peroxide value (POV) and acid value (AV) increasing inhibition effects. Furthermore, none of the CPEs showed any cytotoxicity over the tested concentration range of 0.01-100 ppm. The major flavonoid contents of Citrus junos, as determined by HPLC, were naringin ($7.5\;{\mu}g/mg$) and neohesperidin ($7.5\;{\mu}g/mg$), and those of Citrus unshiu were narirutin ($3.13\;{\mu}g/mg$) and hesperidin ($1.97\;{\mu}g/mg$). However, the aglycone form was not found. This study showed that CPEs might be a potent source of natural antioxidant, without any toxic effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 1972

Oranges (Citrus unshiu var.) from local orchards at Seogwi, Daejeong, Hanrim, Cheju and Seongsan where are in the southern, southwestern, northwestern, northern and eastern parts of Cheju island respectively were stored in a semi-underground room and an air-circulating refrigerated store. To compare the storage qualities between the growing districts, changes in freshness, acidity and sugar content of oranges were investigated during storage. 1) Oranges from Seogwi and Cheju districts showed remarkably lower Percentage of rot fruits with no relation of storage temperature than those of Hanrim, Daejeong and Seongsan. 2) Browning of oil gland was severe on oranges of northern and southern districts while it was little developed in case of the other districts. 3) Water soluble total sugar content was gradually increased and titratable acidity and reducing sugar content of pulp tissues was decreased during storage. 4) Oranges from the western part showed the higher ratio of sugar content to acidity and better taste as compared with the east oranges.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.371-383
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• 2021

Plant essential oils are used in products such as fragrances and cosmetics due to their individual aromatic characteristics. Currently, essential oils are not only used in cosmetics but also in pharmaceutical products with anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, insecticidal, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, psychophysiological, or anti-aging effects. Despite their pharmaceutical properties, some studies reported cytotoxic effects in high doses. Therefore, for pharmaceutical purposes, the margin of safety of essential oils needs to be examined. Herein, we evaluated the IC₅₀ of 10 essential oil from Korean native plants: Juniperus chinensis L. var. sargentii Henry, Citrus natsudaidai Hayata, Citrus reticulata Blanco, Citrus unshiu (Yu. Tanaka ex Swingle) Marcow, Artemisia capillaris Thunb, Aster glehnii F. Schmidt, Juniperus chinensis L, Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc, Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) D, and Cinnamomum loureirii. In addition, gene regulation of the cell-cycle gene and apoptosis marker CASP3 was examined at the IC₅₀ level. The purpose of this study was to describe the toxic concentrations of essential oils extracted from Korean native plants, thereby providing toxic concentration guidelines for inclusion in a toxicity database and in the application of plant essential oils in various fields.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2004

Now many sustitution and false articles is used in korea instead of chenpi. To use chenpi correctly, we will make a quilitative certificational plan of chenpi to investigate all of lieraturea, records and documents. And we could reach conclusions as folloews. 1) Source In china source of Chen-pi is pericarp of citrus reticula Blanco(Family;rutaceae)and in korea source of Chen-pi is pericarp of citrus unshiu Markovich(Family;rutaceae). Though source of both countries are not same, it has no problems because of containing family plants and culture variants. 2) Harvesting and processing After the peel attained full growth, wash cleanly in water. And dry in shade or in low temporature at state of eliminating pericarp. 3) Quality (1) Functional standards Exocarp is soft and clear yellow with numerous oil sports. The less white mesocarp is the better. (2) Physicochemical standards We need to suggest new standards about hesperidin to various conditions by processing methods and storing time. The loss on drying is less than 13.5%. Ash content is less than 4.0%. A standard capacity of hesperidin is more than 4.0%. The content of heavy metal is less than 30 ppm. We can not detect reminding agricultural medicines.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1185-1190
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• 2017

Insects are gaining recognition as an alternative source of protein. As a result, more and more domestic farms have begun mass rearing of edible insects. In order to produce high quality insects, studies on the development of safe and nutritious feed sources are needed. Given the cost of rearing insects, agricultural and industrial by-products are good sources for feed. The efficient utilization of these by-products can help in reducing the cost of production and preventing environmental pollution. In the current study, Citrus unshiu peel (CP), soybean curd cake (SCC), soybean oil meal (SOM), and brewers dried grain (BDG) were investigated for their effects on larval growth and development of Protaetia brevitarsis. Interestingly, the feed with 10% SCC increased larval weight by 3.5 times. For the larval period, the group of 10% SCC was significantly shorter than the control. Furthermore, minerals such as Zn, Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P were recorded to be high in 10% SCC. A total of 17 amino acids were present in 10% SCC, of which tyrosine and arginine were predominant. The heavy metal contents were very small amounts or not detected in any of the investigated groups. These findings provided a scientific basis for the utilization of soybean curd cake as a nutritional feed source to promote larval growth and produce quality insects.