• 시큐리티연구
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• 제4호
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• pp.5-27
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• 2001

This study analyzes the social function of democracy and the essential problems of social security of democracy. So far democracy has used a political term in politics. Democracy allows us the right to the freedom of individuality and social equality. Even scholars however, neglect to study about the criticism of democracy and social problems that are caused by democracy. It was expected that democracy would be valued by humans throughout the world. People have been fighting to establish a reliable political system of democracy. So they can have security in their society and the subject of politics. Therefore, We should consider study on democracy in function of democracy in relation to security of society and essential problems on what is democracy? Does democracy change with social change? Didier Bigo said, 'rising of freedom cause rising of a social unrest', B. Jeanneau said 'Democracy itself is the starting of social discord'. These are criticism of social security, the system and the function of democracy. It especially explains social discord and unrest that has occurred by an authoritative interpretation of democracy or the meaning of a word interpretation. It is a question of the day that it's converse the function of the system and the operation of democracy, act as social unrest.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제52호
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• pp.9-35
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• 2017

이 글은 시대와 불화하고 자신과도 쉽사리 타협하지 못해 격동했던 존재 기대승의 삶과 철학을 '불온함'과 '공감'이라는 두 개념을 중심으로 탐문한다. 전통시대를 살았던 기대승이라는 한 인물의 철학적 삶-정치를 탐문하는 것은 자칫 계몽적인 논조로 경도될 위험성을 내포하는 것도 사실이다. 이 같은 선입견을 배제하면서 기대승을 탐문하기 위해 불안으로부터 비판적 저항을 포괄하는 불온성의 개념을 설정하고, 불온함의 감성적 지평에서 존재의 감정과 행위의 타당성을 판단하는 마음의 작용을 포착하기 위해 공감(sympathy) 개념을 제안한다. 방법론적으로 이 글은 동아시아의 유교 문화적 전통에서 근대 이전 시기에도 통용되어 왔던 '불온성'이라는 개념과 근대적인 '공감' 개념을 결합하여 기대승에 대한 횡단적 독해의 가능성을 제기한다. 기대승의 삶-정치에 대한 횡단적 사유는 그가 살았던 당대적 삶의 지평뿐만 아니라 '지금- 여기'에서 벌어지고 있는 삶-정치의 부각되거나 은폐된 지층들과 그 '사이영역'을 탐색하는데 유의미한 시사점을 제공하기 때문이다. 이 논의는 궁극적으로 '지금-여기'를 반성적으로 성찰하기 위해 전통시대의 기대승을 호출하는 것이다. 이 글은 사태의 발생과 분기를 통해 사건이 구조화되는 과정을 더듬어 물어가면서 그 의미를 감성의 철학적 지평에서 재해석하는 방식을 취한다. 탐문의 여정은 기대승 스스로 사용했던 '구차투안'과 빙월당(氷月堂)'의 근거가 되는 '수월빙호'이라는 두 낱말을 축으로 진행된다. 맑은 물속에 담긴 달과 차디찬 얼음 항아리의 은유는 '구차하게 안일함을 찾는 삶의 태도'와 대비된다는 점에서 기대승이 마주했던 삶의 현실과 지향적 태도를 살펴보는 매개이기도 하다. 감성철학적 층위에서 기대승의 삶-정치를 탐문하는 것은 기존의 연구에서 확인하기 어려웠던 기대승의 사유 너머에 존재하는 감성적 궤적들을 드러내 보인다. 이 글을 통해서 드러난 기대승의 특징은 그가 뜻이 높고 일에 과감하였으며, 선악의 호오가 분명하여 감정 조절에 익숙하지 않았고, 직설적이어서 말을 순화할 줄도 몰랐다는 점이다. 이 같은 불온한 성향으로 인해 기대승은 문장과 학술이 뛰어난 인재였음에도 구시대의 늙은 신료들이나 고위 대신들과 정치적으로 충돌하여 기피의 존재가 되었다. 구차하지 않고 선도(善道)를 지키며 살겠다고 하는 기대승의 의취는 죽음이 임박한 시기에 말했던 기(幾) 세(勢) 사(死) 세 글자로 압축된다.

• 대한간호
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• 제20권2호통권110호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1981

• 무역상무연구
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• 제59권
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• pp.113-135
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• 2013

Piracy has been an ongoing and serious problem in international shipping industry. Somalia is often in the news these days. Somalia has been in a state of unrest for more than two centuries. In recent times, the situation has remained unstable. The persistent unrest is the major driver behind the piracy epidemic in Somalia waters. By the MIA 1906, s.78(1), the expenses in order to be recoverable must have been "properly incurred". The underwriter is also liable in certain circumstances for expenses incurred by the assured in an attempt to avert or diminish loss covered by the policy, under provisions. This class of expenditure is commonly referred to as sue and labour expenses, or suing and labouring expenses; less commonly, as particular charges. The standard marine policy(the S.G.Form) contained what was invariably called the sue and labour clause, which has been replaced in the current Institute Clauses by the "Duty of Assured(Sue and Labour)" Clause in the Hull Clauses, and the "Duty of Assured" Clause, headed "Minimizing losses", in the Cargo Clauses. Sue and labour charges are not confined to expenditure on the part of the assured and his agents, but can include quantified loss consequent upon a sacrifice properly and reasonably made to avert or minimize an insured loss.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.88-106
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• 2009

The potential risks of Korean public security has been increasing by economic stagnation. As a result of this, a feeling of unrest about our society causes expansion of private security industry as well as necessity of professional education. It has been 15years to produce security expert in colleges which is professional education institute, and academic efforts and contributions to society are shown remarkable results for the period. A private security industry had got public interest as a potential favorable job, because of increasing dependence of public to take care of unrest facts. Many colleges have introduced courses about public security because of facing necessity of professional education system. Then total 59 institutes including 22 universities and 37 colleges introduce courses of public security. Although name of courses are diverse depends on institution, purpose of course or members of course, the ultimate purpose of these courses is preventing public from crimes and managing public security. A fixed and out of date education system of universities in Korea can not produce talent person who people, companies and government want. The institutions have been recruiting many student so far, and it shows growth of the industry in quantity aspects. However quality aspect of the industry has been failed because it is hard to get a job for graduated students. Consequently, to improve quality of the industry people need cooperation of institution, professors and students.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.431-442
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of seasonality on the tourism and hospitality industry in ArugamBay after the civil unrest across the different firms in tourism. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative analyses using primary data. Fifty questionnaires give valid responses that were used for analysis. Out of 80 questionnaires, the average response rate was 62.5%. An exploratory study, descriptive analysis, and an Independent Sample Test were used to identify the potentials of tourism, the overall impact of seasonality, and the impact of seasonality across different travel and tourism sector of the study area. According to the results, 83%, 75%, 68%, and 59.9% of firms agreed on the impact of seasonality on environment, workers, supply, and quality of services, respectively in ArugamBay. It also concluded that the impact of seasonality on workers, supply, and quality of services is not the same among all the categories of firms except environment. The variation in seasonality in the travel and tourism sector is because of the lack of regional planning considering the types of firms in the tourism sector. Also, insufficient resources and lack of consistent capacity between various firms in the sectors are also course variations because of the effect of seasonality.

• 암석학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

우리 민족의 영산인 백두산은 동북아시아 지역에서 가장 활동적인 화산의 하나이며, 10세기 대분화는 지난 2,000년 이내에서 가장 격렬한 화산활동이었다. 백두산 천지 일원에서는 2002년에서 2005년까지 지하 마그마의 관입에 의한 화산성 지진의 급증 및 비정상적인 지표 변형이 발생하였다. 화산구조성 지진의 규모가 2002년 7월부터 갑자기 급증하였으며, 지진발생 빈도도 한 달에 수십 회에서 수백 회로 증가하였으며, 2002-2003년도에는 하루에 백 여 회의 군발(群發)지진이 발생하였으며, 2003년에는 연간 2,100여 회 발생하였고, 2006년도부터는 감소하는 추세를 보여 현재에는 1999년-2001년의 수준을 유지하고 있다. 주파수가 대체로 5 Hz 또는 5-10 Hz의 범위에 속하는 이러한 지진들은 B-형 화산구조성 지진(VT-B)과 장주기 지진(LP)으로 지하 3~5 km 천부에 위치한 마그마방 상부의 균열과 마그마의 관입에 기인하는 것이다. 2002년도부터 2009년도까지의 GPS관측에 의한 지표면의 수평변위에 의하면 2002년 이후 천지 칼데라 정상부를 중심으로 화산체가 팽창하는 것이 감지되었으며, 2002년도 대비 2003년도에는 약 4 cm 이상이었고 2003년도 이후에 그 변화율은 감소하는 경향으로 보였다. 백두산 성층화산체 사면에서의 정밀수준 측량에 의한 지표면의 수직적 팽창 또한 최대 10 cm 이상의 변위를 보였으며, 수직 변위와 수평 변위 모두 2006년도 이후 변화율은 다소 감소하는 추세를 보이나, 여전히 불안정한 상태를 보이고 있다. 온천에서 채취한 화산가스로부터 분석된 헬륨 동위원소비($^3He/^4He$)의 높은 값은 이들 가스들이 맨틀로부터 유래된 것임을 증명하고 있다. 천지 주변의 온천수의 온도가 $69^{\circ}C$에서 점진적으로 증가하여 최대 $83^{\circ}C$에 이르고 있다. 그간 비교적 큰 규모의 지진에 의한 산사태, 암벽붕괴, 화산가스에 의한 나무의 고사 등이 관찰되었고, 올해 여름 천지 칼데라 외륜산의 절벽으로부터 수차례의 암벽붕괴도 발생하였다. 이런 모든 현상들이 백두산 천지화산이 불안정한 상태에 있으며, 잠재적으로는 충분하게 분화 가능성이 있다는 것을 지시하는 것이다. 강력한 화산 감시 모니터링과 화산재해 경감을 위한 사전 방재대책이 필요한 단계라고 평가된다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2012

In the wake of the Arab Spring, the Internet's role in aiding dramatic political transformation has come to the fore. Throughout the Middle East, protestors have employed Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and other popular websites to organize and spread news at home and to the outside world. Chinese authorities have been increasingly nervous about the Arab uprisings, and fear that similar events will inspire unrest in China. The new information and communication technologies make it possible for social movements to initiate novel forms of collective actions. The Internet provides new opportunities for political liberalization. In Chinese society, citizens can now participate in politics uninvited. With each passing day, the online community gets stronger. The digital revolution has the potential for broadening democratic principles and could bring democracy to the collective Chinese mind.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제3호
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• pp.117-144
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• 2000

Not only has there been movement along the sectoral continuum, Johnston argues, but changes in the spatial balance of policing are also visible. More concretely, he suggests that British policing has been undergoing a century-long process that has gathered pace since the 1960s. Three factors have been central to this process. First, legislative centralization brought about by the Police Act 1964 - which established the tripartite structure for police governance and amalgamated forces - and the Local Government Act 1972 which reorganized local government. Secondly, the political and industrial unrest of the 1970s and early 1980s led to the establishment of new levels of national police co-operation and, in the words of one author, to the establishment of a 'de facto national police force'. Thirdly, increasing European influence has further internationalized police co-operation and organization. Johnston concludes that the spatial restructuring that appears to be taking place in British policing is indicative of a broader process of fragmentation of social structures and systems for maintaining order.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2023

To broaden the utilization of nuclear energy, uranium as a fuel should be mined indispensably. Mining accounts for the largest portion of the cost of producing the uranium assembly. Therefore, this study analyzes the trends of uranium prices, which have a significant impacts on the mining cost. Uranium production contributing to the price fluctuations is explained in five periods from 1945 to the present. Moreover, the series of events affecting uranium prices from the 1970s until the present are verified. Among them, the most recent incidents considered in this study are the following: COVID-19 pandemic, Kazakhstan unrest, and Russia-Ukraine war. European countries have started to reconsider the transition to nuclear power to reduce their dependence on Russian oil and gas, which has contributed to the surge in uranium prices. Based on the results of this study, various international issues have been closely associated with the nuclear power industry and uranium, affecting the production of uranium and its price.