• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate the relative importance of bilabial prominence in relation to other facial profile parameters in a normal population. Methods: Profile stimulus images of 38 individuals (28 female and 10 male; ages 19-25 years) were shown to an unrelated group of first-year students (n = 42; ages 18-24 years). The images were individually viewed on a 17-inch monitor. The observers received standardized instructions before viewing. A six-question questionnaire was completed using a Likert-type scale. The responses were analyzed by ordered logistic regression to identify associations between profile characteristics and observer preferences. The Bayesian Information Criterion was used to select variables that explained observer preferences most accurately. Results: Nasal, bilabial, and chin prominences; the nasofrontal angle; and lip curls had the greatest effect on overall profile attractiveness perceptions. The lip-chin-throat angle and upper lip curl had the greatest effect on forehead prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle (particularly the lower component), and mentolabial angle had the greatest effect on nasal prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, chin prominence, and submental length had the greatest effect on lip prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, mentolabial angle, and submental length had the greatest effect on chin prominence perceptions. Conclusions: More prominent lips, within normal limits, may be considered more attractive in the profile view. Profile parameters have a greater influence on their neighboring aesthetic units but indirectly influence related profile parameters, endorsing the importance of achieving an aesthetic balance between relative prominences of all aesthetic units of the facial profile.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.105-116
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• 1986

For any thought and knowledge, its growth and development has close relation with the society where it is developed and grow. As Feuerbach says, the birth of spirit needs an existence of two human beings, i. e. the social background, as well as the birth of body does. But, at the educational viewpoint, the spread and the growth of such a thought or knowledge that influence favorably the development of a society must be also considered. We would discuss the goal and the function of mathematics education in relation with the prosperity of a technological civilization. But, the goal and the function are not unrelated with the spiritual culture which is basis of the technological civilization. Most societies of today can be called open democratic societies or societies which are at least standing such. The concept of rationality in such societies is a methodological principle which completes the democratic society. At the same time, it is asserted as an educational value concept which explains comprehensively the standpoint and the attitude of one who is educated in such a society. Especially, we can considered the cultivation of a mathematical thinking or a logical thinking in the goal of mathematics education as a concept which is included in such an educational value concept. The use of the concept of rationality depends on various viewpoints and criterions. We can analyze the concept of rationality at two aspects, one is the aspect of human behavior and the other is that of human belief or knowledge. Generally speaking, the rationality in human behavior means a problem solving power or a reasoning power as an instrument, i. e. the human economical cast of mind. But, the conceptual condition like this cannot include value concept. On the other hand, the rationality in human knowledge is related with the problem of rationality in human belief. For any statement which represents a certain sort of knowledge, its universal validity cannot be assured. The statements of value judgment which represent the philosophical knowledge cannot but relate to the argument on the rationality in human belief, because their finality do not easily turn out to be true or false. The positive statements in science also relate to the argument on the rationality in human belief, because there are no necessary relations between the proposition which states the all-pervasive rule and the proposition which is induced from the results of observation. Especially, the logical statement in logic or mathematics resolves itself into a question of the rationality in human belief after all, because all the logical proposition have their logical propriety in a certain deductive system which must start from some axioms, and the selection and construction of an axiomatic system cannot but depend on the belief of a man himself. Thus, we can conclude that a question of the rationality in knowledge or belief is a question of the rationality both in the content of belief or knowledge and in the process where one holds his own belief. And the rationality of both the content and the process is namely an deal form of a human ability and attitude in one's rational behavior. Considering the advancement of mathematical knowledge, we can say that mathematics is a good example which reflects such a human rationality, i. e. the human ability and attitude. By this property of mathematics itself, mathematics is deeply rooted as a good. subject which as needed in moulding the ability and attitude of a rational person who contributes to the development of the open democratic society he belongs to. But, it is needed to analyze the practicing and pursuing the rationality especially in mathematics education. Mathematics teacher must aim the rationality of process where the mathematical belief is maintained. In fact, there is no problem in the rationality of content as long the mathematics teacher does not draw mathematical conclusions without bases. But, in the mathematical activities he presents in his class, mathematics teacher must be able to show hem together with what even his own belief on the efficiency and propriety of mathematical activites can be altered and advanced by a new thinking or new experiences.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2013

최근 학교폭력이 심각한 사회적 병리현상으로 대두되는 시점에서 2012년 2월 국무총리실 주재로 안전행정부와 교육과학기술부 합동으로 "학교폭력근절 종합대책"이라는 정책적 안전장치가 마련되었다. 이 정책은 2012년 3월부터 1년간 시범운영을 하게 되었으나, 실효성에 대한 우려의 목소리가 일각에서는 적지 않게 제기되고 있는 실정이다. 그래서 본 연구는 "학교폭력근절종합대책"에 대한 실효성을 검증해 보고자 각 정책항목(근본대책)을 5점 Likert 척도로 설문지를 구성한 후 서울에 소재하고 있는 고등학교에 재직 중인 172명의 교사들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 근본대책 가운데, '교육 전반에 걸친 인성교육 실천'에 대한 대책안 총 12개(관련없는 1문항 제외) 가운데, '다양한 예술교육 기회 확대 및 독서활동을 지원'이 평균값이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로는 '인성발달 관련 특기사항 결과를 입학사정관전형, 자기주도 학습 전형에 반영'이 높게 나타났다. 그리고 '가정과 사회의 역할 강화'에 대한 대책안 총 3개 가운데, '범정부적으로 학교폭력 근절을 위해 방송, 언론, 시민단체와 연계하여 연중 캠페인 실시'가 평균값이 가장 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 '게임 인터넷 중독 등 유해요인 대책'에 관한 대책안 총 7개 가운데, '게임 인터넷 중독 예방을 위한'학생 생활지도 요령'에 따라 단계적으로 게임 인터넷 중독 예방교육 강화'가 평균값이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 '인터넷 중독 예방교육에 필요한 다양한 교육용 콘텐츠를 개발하여 현장에 보급'으로 조사되었다.