• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2009

This study is to examine unmarried women's preferences about wedding dresses. This is researched with a survey of 300 unmarried women in Ulsan and Seoul. The survey inquires their preferences of silhouettes, necklines, materials, and details in wedding dress. 290 valid questionnaires are analyzed statistically. Statistical analysis is used average, frequency, and crosstabs with SPSS10.0. The results of this study are as below; As for an income level, the high-income brackets in Ulsan preferred X silhouette, whereas in Seoul H silhouette. The low-income brackets in both areas preferred X silhouette. In necklines, boat neckline was preferred in both areas regardless of incomes. In materials, in Ulsan, the high-income brackets preferred silk, but the low-income brackets in Ulsan preferred satin. In Seoul, silk was preferred regardless of incomes. In details, the high-income brackets in both areas preferred beads and ribbon. In the low-income brackets, embroidery decorations were preferred in Ulsan, whereas beads, jewels and ribbons in Seoul. As for personalities, X silhouette was preferred in most personalities, A silhouette in some personalities in Seoul. In necklines, boat neckline is preferred in most personalities. In materials, silk was preferred in most personalities. In details, beads and jewels were preferred in most personalities. As for ages, in most ages, X silhouette was preferred in Ulsan, and X and A silhouettes in Seoul. In necklines, in most ages, boat neckline was preferred in both areas. In materials, silk was preferred in most ages. In details, beads and jewels were preferred in most ages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.1 s.7
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• pp.42-50
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• 2006

This study used the questionnaire method to find out the golf factor comparison and purchase inclination according the golfers' demographic characteristics. The golf factor comparison according to the Gyeongnam golfers' demographic characteristics was performed with cross analysis and $X^2$ verification, the purchase inclination with T verification and analysis of variance. And the Golfs' factor relation according to total income was performed with cross analysis and $x^2-test$. The golfers' demographic characteristics showed a significant difference in gender, educational background and occupations. The participation purposes of playing golf for men were as a hobby, relations and business. And the participation purposes of playing golf for women were as a hobby and health. The higher age was, the more the golf career was for both men and women. In the factor of marital status, unmarried people play for a hobby and married people play for better relations and business. In the factor of gross income, male golfers varied in the gold career and monthly playing times. Female golfers varied in the golf career. Regardless of gender, the higher the income was, the more the golf career was. In the comparison of buy behavior according to the golfers' demographic characteristics, male golfers showed a significant difference in ostentation and fashion according to the monthly purchase of golf-wear. The group that spends more on the monthly purchase of golf wear was higher than the group that spends less on the monthly purchase of golf wear. Unmarried golfers showed more ostentation tendency that married golfers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify benefits sought and use of the cosmetics. The results were as followes ; 1. Most women spent less than 40.000 won monthly, used basic cosmetics most frequently but used functional cosmetics least when they went out. 2. The factors of cosmetics benefits sought were self-confidence, individuality, beauty, saving appearance. and supplement defect. The respondents were segmented into the beauty pursuit, the supplement defect pursuit, the individuality pursuit, and the self-confidence pursuit. 3. The beauty pursuit used all kinds of cosmetics more than other groups, but the supplement defect pursuit used functional cosmetics more. The individuality pursuit used color cosmetics more, but spent cosmetics expenditure least. The self-confidence pursuit used all kinds of cosmetics least and spent cosmetics expenditure least. 4. The beauty pursuit was found among the older, the less educated, and jobless married women. The supplement defect pursuit was found among the late-teenagers. The individuality pursuit was found among married or unmarried working women. and the more educated. The self-confidence pursuit was found among college women. 5. The use of basic cosmitics was affected by cosmetics expenditure. age, supplement defect, and saving appearance. use of color cosmetics was by cosmetics expenditure, supplement defect, age, self-confidence, and individuality, and use of functional cosmetics was by cosmetics expenditure, supplement defect, and age.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 1999

This study was conducted in May of 1996 to December of 1996 in order to investigate the status of rubella antibodies in the women of childbearing age. The subjects were 543 fertile women (Ages 21-42 years). ELISA method was used for the detection of rubella antibodies and then questionaire survey was performed to know about the variables of past history of rubella. past rubella immunization. parity and cognition. The results were as follows: 1. The Positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody in total subjects was $65.0\%$. The positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody was $72.2\%$ in 21-25 age group. $71.4\%$ in 26-30 age group. $54.5\%$ in 31-35 age group, $52.6\%$ in 36-42 age group. As age increased, the positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody was decreased. There was statistically significant difference by age group(P=0.00l). In the subjects with a history of rubella immunization, the positive rate of rubella IgG antibody was $81.8\%$, and in those with past history of rubella was $83.3\%$ of positive rate. 2, Cognition rate about rubella immunization showed $50.8\%$ in total subjects. and there was no significant difference between parity and cognition rate of rubella immunization(P=0.85l). observed a low positive rate of rubella IgG antibody as compaired with other studies. Therefore, to prevent congenital rubella infection, rubella immunization was needed for unmarried women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.396-405
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the wearing condition according to different basic slacks'patterns and to provide fundamental data on structuring slacks' pattern using the multi-dimensional measuring method. 3 different kinds of basic slacks' patterns (A, B, C) were used and cross-sectional measurements of 6 parts were analysed. The results were as follows; 1) It revealed that the girth of waist, hip and thigh effected the degree of ease amounts. 2) Moira pattern shape fully supported that the considerable body parts affected the change of ease amounts. 3) Basic pattern A was usually expected to be suitable for standard-sized or unmarried women who had not experienced body-type change. 4) Basic pattern B and C were suitable for large-sized or married women whose body·type had changed. Therefore the crotch length and depth, gredient of center back line has to be set up accurately.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.412-426
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• 1989

This study investigated the relationship of consumer type to perferred and purchased Styles by clothing, life style, demographic, and information variables. Four consumer types were identified in study 1 (Kim, 1988). There were the casual, mannish, elegant, and feminine types. The present study used 20 line drawings representing the styles of summer '87 Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 624 consumers $15\~69$ years of age living in Seoul, and analyzed by multiple discriminant analysis, and CROSSTABS. Descriptive profiles of the four categories were developed differently by clothing, life style and demographic characteristics. Casual and elegant types were preferred by middle-aged and married women, while mannish and feminine types were preferred by unmarried and younger women. The preferred design types of these groups were related more to preferences for clothing styles than purchased styles. All variables except occupation contributed to discriminate purchased styles.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.33-45
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factorial structure of the criteria on clothing selection of the working women, and then to provide the date to develop an instrument to measure the criteria on clothing selection. A total of 877 samples were selected from unmarried female in the twenties. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson's product-mement correlation coefficients, content analysis and Cronbach's α. The results of the study were as follows; 1. There were identified 7 factors as the clothing selection criteria of the working women; Fashion, Practicality, Modesty, Appearance, Service, Comfort, and Impulse purchase. 2. Comparing with the previous results, we confirmed that the criteria on clothing selection was made up of at least 8 factors; Practicality, Comfort, Brand or price, Impulse purchase, Fashion, Individuality, Modesty, and Service. 3. According to the correlation among 8 factors, they formed two clusters; one cluster contained Practicality, Comfort, and Modesty factor, and the other did Brand or price, Impulse purchase, Fashion and Individuality factor. 4. Service factor was significantly correlated to the other factors, that is, service was the very important criteria on the clothing selection.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the experience of unwed mothers, to describe the structure of the understanding of this experience for mothers and to explore nursing interventions for this situation. Methods: The subjects were 4 unwed mothers. The data was collected by in-depth interviews and participant observations from February 2004 to June 2004. Each person was interviewed 4-5times, taking about one and a half hours for each session. Data was analyzed by the phenomenological method suggested by Giorgi. Result: The understanding of the experience of unwed mothers resulted in "lightness of sexual cognition", "knowledge deficit of pregnancy", "suffering form pregnancy", "ambivalence of the situation", "appearance of mothering", "worrying about society's view". Conclusion: Sex education programs, a one-round, formal lecture-type education is presently dominant, so that education and training programs can be systematized at school and home. The difficult point for unwed mothers to endure is that society doesn't accept them; therefore, we have to change our point of view, and try to work out the problems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8541-8551
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• 2016

Background: The coverage of breast and cervical cancer screening has only slightly increased in the past decade in Thailand, and these cancers remain leading causes of death among women. This study identified socioeconomic and contextual factors contributing to the variation in screening uptake and coverage. Materials and Methods: Secondary data from two nationally representative household surveys, the Health and Welfare Survey (HWS) 2007 and the Reproductive Health Survey (RHS) 2009 conducted by the National Statistical Office were used. The study samples comprised 26,951 women aged 30-59 in the 2009 RHS, and 14,619 women aged 35 years and older in the 2007 HWS were analyzed. Households of women were grouped into wealth quintiles, by asset index derived from Principal components analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Screening rates for cervical and breast cancers increased between 2007 and 2009. Education and health insurance coverage including wealth were factors contributing to screening uptake. Lower or non-educated and poor women had lower uptake of screenings, as were young, unmarried, and non-Buddhist women. Coverage of the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme increased the propensity of having both screenings, while the universal coverage scheme increased the probability of cervical screening among the poor. Lack of awareness and knowledge contributed to non-use of both screenings. Women were put off from screening, especially Muslim women on cervical screening, because of embarrassment, fear of pain and other reasons. Conclusions: Although cervical screening is covered by the benefit package of three main public health insurance schemes, free of charge to all eligible women, the low coverage of cervical screening should be addressed by increasing awareness and strengthening the supply side. As mammography was not cost effective and not covered by any scheme, awareness and practice of breast self examination and effective clinical breast examination are recommended. Removal of cultural barriers is essential.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.113-127
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined health behaviors, use of health services, and depression among women who perform daytime and shift work in Korea, as well as factors related to depression. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the 2018 data of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data on women, 1,493 regular daytime workers and 322 shift workers, were analyzed. Results: Women shift workers (χ²=43.97, p<.001), had a lower education level (χ²=45.56, p<.001), and lower personal income (χ²=16.85, p=.030) than their daytime counterparts. A higher proportion of shift workers were unmarried (χ²=37.47, p<.001) and they typically worked fewer than 40 hours per week (χ²=69.94, p<.001). The depression score of shift workers was higher than that of daytime workers (t=2.85, p=.005). A higher proportion of shift workers also drank alcohol (χ²=6.49, p=.032) and smoked (χ²=30.79, p<.001). Over 8% of shift workers typically slept fewer than 5 hours per night (χ²=14.17, p=.024). It was confirmed that depression in women shift workers was affected by age, personal income, marital status, health status, and smoking status, in addition to cancer screening participation, unmet medical care needs, and unmet dental care needs. Conclusion: More attention should be given to the health needs of women working shifts. Health promotion programs specific for women shift workers are needed to improve their physical and mental health, encourage use of medical care services, and improve public health policies and systems.