• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6239-6244
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• 2012

Background: The basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSK). BCC might develop because of the faulty cell cycle arrest. $p15^{INK4b}$ is a tumor suppressor gene, involved in cell cycle arrest and inactivated in most human cancers. The role of $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression in the genesis of BCC is as yet unknown. In a previous study we showed the absence of $p15^{INK4b}$ expression in the majority of tissue microarray cores of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs), another type of non-melanoma skin cancer, indicating that $p15^{INK4b}$ could possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous SCC. The aim of this study was to investigate $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression in BCCs. Materials and Method: Protein expression of $p15^{INK4b}$ in 35 cases of BCC tissue arrays and 19 cases of normal human skin tissue was studied using an immunohistochemical approach. Results: The expression of $p15^{INK4b}$ was not significantly different in the BCC cases as compared with normal human skin (p=0.356; p>0.05). In addition, there were no significant relationship between clinicopathologic variables of patients (age and sex) and $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression. Conclusions: Our finding may indicate that $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression does not play a role in the genesis of BCC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.56-58
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• 2000

Post-genomics may be defined in different ways depending on how one views the challenges after the genome. A popular view is to follow the concept of the central dogma in molecular biology, namely from genome to transcriptome to proteome. Projects are going on to analyze gene expression profiles both at the mRNA and protein levels and to catalog protein 3D structure families, which will no doubt help the understanding of information in the genome. However complete, such catalogs of genes, RNAs, and proteins only tell us about the building blocks of life. They do not tell us much about the wiring (interaction) of building blocks, which is essential for uncovering systemic functional behaviors of the cell or the organism. Thus, an alternative view of post-genomics is to go up from the molecular level to the cellular level, and to understand, what I call, the "interactome"or a complete picture of molecular interactions in the cell. KEGG (http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/) is our attempt to computerize current knowledge on various cellular processes as a collection of "generalized"protein-protein interaction networks, to develop new graph-based algorithms for predicting such networks from the genome information, and to actually reconstruct the interactomes for all the completely sequenced genomes and some partial genomes. During the reconstruction process, it becomes readily apparent that certain pathways and molecular complexes are present or absent in each organism, indicating modular structures of the interactome. In addition, the reconstruction uncovers missing components in an otherwise complete pathway or complex, which may result from misannotation of the genome or misrepresentation of the KEGG pathway. When combined with additional experimental data on protein-protein interactions, such as by yeast two-hybrid systems, the reconstruction possibly uncovers unknown partners for a particular pathway or complex. Thus, the reconstruction is tightly coupled with the annotation of individual genes, which is maintained in the GENES database in KEGG. We are also trying to expand our literature surrey to include in the GENES database most up-to-date information about gene functions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5063-5067
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• 2012

New molecular markers of cancer had emerged with novel applications in cancer prevention and therapeutics, including for breast cancer of unknown causes, which has a high impact on the health of women worldwide. The purpose of this research was to detemine protein and mRNA expression of synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2) isoforms A, B and C in breast cancer cell lines. Cultured cell lines MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, T47D were lysed and their protein and mRNA expression analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot technique, respectively. SV2A, B proteins were identified in non-tumor (MCF-10A) and tumor cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and T47D) while SV2C only was found in the T47D cell line. Furthermore, the genomic expression was consistent with protein expression for a such cell line, but in MDA-MB-231 there was no SV2B genomic expression, and the SV2C mRNA and protein were not found in the non tumoral cell line. These findings suggest a possible cellular transdifferentiation to neural character in breast cancer, of possible relevance to cancer development, and point to possible use of SV2 as molecular marker and a vehicle for cancer treatment with botulinum toxin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.693-701
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• 1997

In 1992, Prevotella intermedia was shown to be comprised of another spoecies now known as Prevotella nigrescens. Strain ATCC 33563 is now designated the type strain of P. nigrescens while strain ATCC 25611 is remains the type strain of P. intermedia. The purpose of this study was to find the differences in protein profiles of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which can be used for differentiation of those two species. A partial amino acid sequence of the 18.6 kDa protein band, which was specific in P. nigrescens, was also determined. The cellular proteins were extracted from the cell pellets of pure cultures of P. intermedia. and P. nigrescens by either sonication or being shaken continuously for 20 min at $21^{\circ}C$ with 1 % SDS or being boiled for 3 min with 1 % SDS. SDS-PAGE was performed according to the method of laemmli using either 12% (w/v) gels or 18% (w/v) gels. Results were as follows ; 1. The similar electrophoretic protein profiles were shown by 3 cellular protein extraction methods for each strain. (Fig. 1 and 2) 2. the 18.6 kDa band which was specific only in P. nigrescens could be used for the differentiation of P. intermedia. and P. nigrescens. (Fig. 1 and 2, Table 1) 3. A total of 4 different tryptic fragments from the 18.6 kDa protein were sequenced. the resulting amino acid sequences were fragment 1.GNPVNIGGEW, 2.FNVVR, 3.NYLT-VAPY, and 4.GGDNVTTYQVLPEIGYN. By comparison to the sequences of known proteins in the Swiss-Prot database and PIR database. 90 % matching between fragment 1 and serine hydroxymethyl transferase(P24060) in the Swiss-Prot, and 90% matching between fragment 1 and glycine hydroxymethyl transferase(S15203) in the PIR were shown, but the identity and function of the 18.6 kDa protein remains unknown.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.591-601
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• 2021

Cilia are highly specialized organelles that extend from the cell membrane and function as cellular signaling hubs. Thus, cilia formation and the trafficking of signaling molecules into cilia are essential cellular processes. TULP3 and Tubby (TUB) are members of the tubby-like protein (TULP) family that regulate the ciliary trafficking of G-protein coupled receptors, but the functions of the remaining TULPs (i.e., TULP1 and TULP2) remain unclear. Herein, we explore whether these four structurally similar TULPs share a molecular function in ciliary protein trafficking. We found that TULP3 and TUB, but not TULP1 or TULP2, can rescue the defective cilia formation observed in TULP3-knockout (KO) hTERT RPE-1 cells. TULP3 and TUB also fully rescue the defective ciliary localization of ARL13B, INPP5E, and GPR161 in TULP3 KO RPE-1 cells, while TULP1 and TULP2 only mediate partial rescues. Furthermore, loss of TULP3 results in abnormal IFT140 localization, which can be fully rescued by TUB and partially rescued by TULP1 and TULP2. TUB's capacity for binding IFT-A is essential for its role in cilia formation and ciliary protein trafficking in RPE-1 cells, whereas its capacity for PIP₂ binding is required for proper cilia length and IFT140 localization. Finally, chimeric TULP1 containing the IFT-A binding domain of TULP3 fully rescues ciliary protein trafficking, but not cilia formation. Together, these two TULP domains play distinct roles in ciliary protein trafficking but are insufficient for cilia formation in RPE-1 cells. In addition, TULP1 and TULP2 play other unknown molecular roles that should be addressed in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs) family is a cell membrane protein, and plays an important role in a signaling mechanism which transmits external signals through cell membranes into cells. But, GPCRs each are known to have various complex control mechanisms and very unique signaling mechanisms. Structural features, and family and subfamily of GPCRs are well known by function. and accordingly, the most fundamental work in studies identifying the previous GPCRs is to classify the GPCRs with given protein sequences. Studies for classifying previously identified GPCRs more easily with mathematical models have been mainly going on. In this paper Considering that functions of proteins are determined by their stereoscopic structures, the present paper proposes a method to compare secondary structures of two GPCRs having different amino acid sequences, and then detect an unknown GPCRs assumed to have a same function in databases of previously identified GPCRs.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2004

Antibiotic resistance is often associated with the production of inner membrane proteins (for example, AcrAB/TolC efflux pump) that are capable to extrude antibiotics, detergents, dyes and organic solvents. In order to evaluate the unknown MarB function of Escherichia coli, especially focused on the function of OmpF porin, several mutants were construted by T4GT7 transduction. MarA plays a major roles in mar (multiple antibiotic resistance) phenotype with AcrAB/TolC efflux pump in E. coli K-12. Futhermore, MarA decreases OmpF porin expression via micF antisense RNA. Expression of acrAB is increased in strains containing mutation in marR, and in those carrying multicopy plasmid expressing marA. MarB protein of E. coli K-12 showed its activity at OmpF porin & TolC protein as target molecule. Some paper reported MarB positively regulates OmpF function. MarA shows mar phenotype, and MarB along with MarA show decreased MIC through OmpF function. By this experiment, MarB could decrease MIC through the OmpF porin & TolC protein as target.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2008

One of cell surface receptor proteins, human folate receptor (hFR) involves in the uptake of folates through cell membrane into cytoplasm, and is anchored to the plasma membrane by a fatty acid linkage, which has been identified in some cells as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-tailed protein with a molecular mass of about 40 kDa. The hFR is released by phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C (PI-PLC) because it contains fatty acids and inositol on the GPI tail. Caveolin decorates the cytoplasmic surface of caveolae and has been proposed to have a structural role in maintaining caveolae. It is unknown whether caveolin is involved in targeting, and is necessary for the function of GPI-tailed proteins. To compare the ability of folic acid binding, internalization and expression of hFR, and the effect of caveolin at the both apical and basolateral side of cell surfaces in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clone cells overexpressed the hFR and/or caveolin. Our present results suggest a possibility that the overexpression of caveolin does not be involved in expression of hFR, but plays a role as a factor in PI-PLC releasing kinetics, and for a regulation of formation, processing and function of hFR in CHO clone cells overexpressed cavcolin.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.21-22
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• 2004

The present study was aimed to investigate proteome affected by Panax ginseng extracts in chicken muscles. More than 300 protein spots were detected on silver staining gels. Among them. four protein spots were distinctively up-regulated by Panax ginseng treatments. The up-regulated proteins were finally identified as tropomyosin (2 spots), triosephosphate isomerase, and one unknown protein. Based on the known functions of the identified proteins. they are highly related to the muscle development and enhanced immunity in chicken. These proteins can give valuable information of biochemical roles for Panax ginseng in chicken meats.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9835-9839
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• 2014

Fisetin is an effective compound extracted from lacquer which has been used in the treatment of various diseases. Preliminary data indicate that it also exerts specific anti-cancer effects. However, the manner in which fisetin regulates cancer growth remains unknown. In this study, we elucidated interference of fisetin with targets of the nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ signal transduction pathway activated by Epstein-Barr virus encoding latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells, Results showed that fisetin inhibited the survival rate of CNE-LMP1 cells and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation caused by LMP1. Fisetin also suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ (p65) and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation, while inhibiting CyclinD1, all key targets of the NF-${\kappa}B$ signal transduction pathway. It was suggested that interference effects of fisetin with signal transduction activated by LMP1 encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus may play an important role in its anticancer potential.