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The Gentan Probability, A Model for the Improvement of the Normal Wood Concept and for the Forest Planning

  • Suzuki, Tasiti
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.67 no.1
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    • pp.52-59
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    • 1984
  • A Gentan probability q(j) is the probability that a newly planted forest will be felled at age-class j. A future change in growing stock and yield of the forests can be predicted by means of this probability. On the other hand a state of the forests is described in terms of an n-vector whose components are the areas of each age-class. This vector, called age-class vector, flows in a n-1 dimensional simplex by means of $n{\times}n$ matrices, whose components are the age-class transition probabilities derived from the Gentan probabilities. In the simplex there exists a fixed point, into which an arbitrary forest age vector sinks. Theoretically this point means a normal state of the forest. To each age-class-transition matrix there corresponds a single normal state; this means that there are infinitely many normal states of the forests.

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Pareto-Based Multi-Objective Optimization for Two-Block Class-Based Storage Warehouse Design

  • Sooksaksun, Natanaree
    • Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.331-338
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    • 2012
  • This research proposes a Pareto-based multi-objective optimization approach to class-based storage warehouse design, considering a two-block warehouse that operates under the class-based storage policy in a low-level, picker-to-part and narrow aisle warehousing system. A mathematical model is formulated to determine the number of aisles, the length of aisle and the partial length of each pick aisle to allocate to each product class that minimizes the travel distance and maximizes the usable storage space. A solution approach based on multiple objective particle swarm optimization is proposed to find the Pareto front of the problems. Numerical examples are given to show how to apply the proposed algorithm. The results from the examples show that the proposed algorithm can provide design alternatives to conflicting warehouse design decisions.

Learning Deep Representation by Increasing ConvNets Depth for Few Shot Learning

  • Fabian, H.S. Tan;Kang, Dae-Ki
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 2019
  • Though recent advancement of deep learning methods have provided satisfactory results from large data domain, somehow yield poor performance on few-shot classification tasks. In order to train a model with strong performance, i.e. deep convolutional neural network, it depends heavily on huge dataset and the labeled classes of the dataset can be extremely humongous. The cost of human annotation and scarcity of the data among the classes have drastically limited the capability of current image classification model. On the contrary, humans are excellent in terms of learning or recognizing new unseen classes with merely small set of labeled examples. Few-shot learning aims to train a classification model with limited labeled samples to recognize new classes that have neverseen during training process. In this paper, we increase the backbone depth of the embedding network in orderto learn the variation between the intra-class. By increasing the network depth of the embedding module, we are able to achieve competitive performance due to the minimized intra-class variation.

The Effects of Ego Strength, Failure Tolerance, and Performance Anxiety on School-Age Children's School Class Adjustment: A Focus on Gender Differences (자아강도, 실패내성 및 수행불안이 학령기 아동의 학교수업적응에 미치는 영향: 성별에 따른 차이를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Se Young
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.13-25
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    • 2016
  • Objective: The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of school-age children's ego strength, failure tolerance, and performance anxiety on their school class adjustment, and to model the relation structure of the variables. Method: For these purposes, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 562 6th graders. Results and Conclusion: The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, ego strength, failure tolerance, and performance anxiety were significantly different according to gender. Second, in male students, ego strength, failure tolerance, and performance anxiety had a significant direct effect on school class adjustment. In addition, ego strength and failure tolerance had a significant indirect effect on school class adjustment. Third, female students' paths to school class adjustment were similar to male students' but the effect of failure tolerance on performance anxiety and the effect of performance anxiety on school class adjustment were not significant. Fourth, in the results of multi-group analysis, the effect path from ego strength to school class adjustment was different between male and female students, and the effect was higher in female students than in male students.

ON THE CURIE-WEISS MODEL WITH A NEW HAMILTONIAN

  • Lee, Sang Ho
    • Korean Journal of Mathematics
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.301-313
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    • 1999
  • In this paper we obtain similar limit theorems of the Generalized Curie - Weiss model for a new class Hamiltonian. We expressed the saddlepoint approximation by large deviation rate and then obtain the limit theorems.

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The Effects of the Parents' Social Class on Infant and Child Death among 1995-2004 Birth Cohort in Korea (우리나라의 1995-2004년도 출생코호트에서 부모의 사회계급이 영아사망률과 소아사망률에 미치는 영향)

  • Oh, Ju-Hwan;Choi, Yong-Jun;Kong, Jeong-Ok;Choi, Ji-Sook;Jin, Eun-Jeong;Jung, Sung-Tae;Park, Se-Jin;Son, Mi-A
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.469-476
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    • 2006
  • Objectives : To investigate the effect of parents' social class on infant and child mortality rates among the birth cohort, for the period of transition to and from the Koran economic crisis 1995-2004. Methods : All births reported to between 1995 and 2004 (n=5,711,337) were analyzed using a Cox regression model, to study the role of the social determinants of parents in infant and child mortality. The results were adjusted for the parents' age, education and occupation, together with mother's obstetrical history. Results. The crude death rate among those under 10 was 3.71 per 1000 births (21,217 deaths among 5,711,337 births) between 1995 and 2004. The birth cohorts from lower educated parents less than elementary school showed higher mortality rates compared with those from higher educated parents over university level (HR:3.0 (95%CI:2.8-3.7) for father and HR:3.4 (95%CI:3.3-4.5) for mother). The mother's education level showed a stronger relationship with mortality among the birth cohort than that of the fathers. The gaps in infant mortality rates by parents' social class, and educational level became wider from 1995 to 2004. In particular, the breadth of the existing gap between higher and lower parents' social class groups has dramatically widened since the economic crisis of 1998. Discussions : This study shows that social differences exist in infant and child mortality rates. Also, the gap for the infant mortality due to social class has become wider since the economic crisis of 1998.

A Class of Discrete Time Coverage Growth Functions for Software Reliability Engineering

  • Park, Joong-Yang;Lee, Gye-Min;Park, Jae-Heung
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.497-506
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    • 2007
  • Coverage-based NHPP SRGMs have been introduced in order to incorporate the coverage growth behavior into the NHPP SRGMs. The coverage growth function representing the coverage growth behavior during testing is thus an essential factor of the coverage-based NHPP SRGMs. This paper proposes a class of discrete time coverage growth functions and illustrates its application to real data sets.

Comparison Study on Aerodynamic Performance and Wake Flow Field for a MW-Class Wind Turbine Model (대형 풍력터빈 모형의 공력 성능 및 후류 유동장에 대한 비교 연구)

  • Jeong, Duwon;Won, Young Soo;Kang, Seung-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.32-38
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    • 2019
  • A comparison study between computational-fluid-dynamics simulation and wind tunnel test for a megawatt-class wind turbine is conducted. For the study, flow-field in wake, basic aerodynamic performance, and effect of the yaw error for a 1/86 scaled-down model of the NREL offshore 5 MW wind turbine are numerically calculated using commercial software "FloEFD" with $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. The computed results are compared to the wind tunnel test performed by the constant-velocity mode for the model. It is shown that discrepancy are found between the two results at lower tip-speed ratio and higher yaw angle, however, the velocity-defection distribution in the wake, the torque coefficient at moderated and high tip-speed ratios are in good agreement with the wind tunnel test.

Class Determination Based on Kullback-Leibler Distance in Heart Sound Classification

  • Chung, Yong-Joo;Kwak, Sung-Woo
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.27 no.2E
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 2008
  • Stethoscopic auscultation is still one of the primary tools for the diagnosis of heart diseases due to its easy accessibility and relatively low cost. It is, however, a difficult skill to acquire. Many research efforts have been done on the automatic classification of heart sound signals to support clinicians in heart sound diagnosis. Recently, hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been used quite successfully in the automatic classification of the heart sound signal. However, in the classification using HMMs, there are so many heart sound signal types that it is not reasonable to assign a new class to each of them. In this paper, rather than constructing an HMM for each signal type, we propose to build an HMM for a set of acoustically-similar signal types. To define the classes, we use the KL (Kullback-Leibler) distance between different signal types to determine if they should belong to the same class. From the classification experiments on the heart sound data consisting of 25 different types of signals, the proposed method proved to be quite efficient in determining the optimal set of classes. Also we found that the class determination approach produced better results than the heuristic class assignment method.

Development of STEAM Instructional Materials using Arduino for Creative Engineering Design Class in High Schools and Its Application (일반계고의 창의공학설계 수업을 위한 아두이노 기반 STEAM 수업자료 개발과 적용)

  • Lee, Dae-Seok;Lim, Yeong-Dae;Kim, Jinsoo
    • Journal of Engineering Education Research
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.3-9
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of the study was to develop the Arduino based STEAM instruction materials for creative engineering design class. PDIE model was used in this study. We developed a STEAM lesson plan and a STEAM lesson worksheet for a total of six sessions through the steps of preparation, development, implementation and evaluation. The validity of the instruction materials was evaluated by the 10 experts using a survey. The instruction materials were applied to the class (52 students attended) of the creative engineering designs unit in technology and home economics subject. The class satisfaction and the creative solving-problem ability were examined after the calss. The class satafacition was high as the average of 10 item was 4.57 (out of 5). The paired t-test was conducted to compare the means of the creative solving-problem ability. It was observed that 'understanding and mastery of knowledge, thought, function and skills in a specific domain', 'divergent thinking', 'critical and logical thinking' and ' motivational factors' were significantly increased after the class. The instruction materials develped in this study were successfully designed to enhance the creative solving-problem ability by designing creative tasks and to intrique the interest by adding visual and auditory stimuli with the Arduino.