• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 1997

In this paper, the study model, which presents the patterns of how the changing mechanisms are adopted to the changing stages of smoking cessation, was developed by modifying the integrative model of Prochaska et al. (1983) with including seven changing mechanisms which were identified by Oh and Kim(1996). Then the developed study model was exploratively tested with 155 University student between 20 and 29 years of age as subjects. According to the study results. among the five mechanisms. which are significant in explaining the differences between stages. DUNCAN post-comparison showed that the least applied ones were Stimulus Control, Self Determinism, Cognitive Restructuring in the precomplation stage, and Reinforcement and Dramatic Relief. in the relapsed stage. In the comtemplation stage. it was observed that Dramatic Relief is used most frequently and that the other two mechanisms, Information Management and Cognitive Restructuring, showed different results from those inferred in the study hypothesis. In the case of Information Management, it was excluded from the analysis it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages, but Cognitive Reconstruction turns out to be a more frequently used mechanism in the action stage rather than in the comtemplation stage. Helping Relationship was also excluded in the post-comparison analysis since it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages and Reinforcement was a more frequently used mechanisms in the comtemplation stage. Stimulus Control turns out to be the connecting mechanism which was most frequently used in both the contemplation and action stages. Self Determination was most frequently used in the action stage rather than in both the comtemplation stage and action stage, differing from the presumption of the model. Lastly, subjects in the relapsed stage were utilizing Stimulus Control and Self Determination at the same level as subjects in the precontemplation stage. and the utilization of both Reinformcement and Dramatic Relief was lower than that of the precomtemplation stage, that is, at the lowest level. Only Cognitive Restructuring was used of the same level as the comtemplation stage. The relapsed stage in this study did not represent the preparation for action stage as presumed in the model of Prochaska et. al. (1983) but did show a pattern similar to the initial stage of smoking cessation. However, since this interpretation about the relapser was based on only a small number of relapsers(n=5), this conclusion may not be reliable.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.141-176
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• 2008

This study provides an analysis of ex post efficient outcome, which can be said an objective of distressed restructurings, using the stock return of listed companies. The findings of this study are as follows: First, upon completing the distressed restructurings, reorganization and workout cases showed positive announcement effects, which was statistically significant. Also, composition cases displayed a positive value, but it was not statistically significant. Second, with respect to post-restructuring long-run stock performance, reorganization and composition showed underperformance after completion. However, workout cases showed overperformance after the completion. Third, multiple regression analysis to find factors affecting post-restructuring long-run stock performance suggests that higher asset decrease(ASSETCH), shareholder concentration (OWNCEN), largest shareholders' stake(OWN) have more positive impacts on long-run performance. However, change of the largest shareholder(OWNERCH) has negative impacts on long-run performance. Finally, change of the largest shareholder is a negative factor in the performance of the distressed restructurings. Therefore, this study implies that if M&A is used as a way of early completing the distressed restructurings, prudent judgment is required on whether a firm can recover its competitiveness and is likely to be economically viable again.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2021

The construction guarantee market is a rear market affected by changes in the construction industry and market. As the restructuring of the construction industry's production system is being carried out, such as the abolition of regulations on business field between general and specialty contractors, major changes are expected not only in the construction market but also in the construction guarantee market. In construction guarantee market, there are currently three Contractor Financial Cooperatives, which are divided based on business field and business type(General, Specialty and Plant & Mechanical). The abolition of business field regulation will have various effects on construction guarantee market, such as forming a competitive structure among the three Contractor Financial Cooperatives. Therefore the role of the construction guarantee institutions are also required to change. This study predicted the changes in the construction guarantee market after the restructuring of construction industry and analyzed the ripple effect on the market. This study reviewed the details of the reorganization plan on the construction industry, policies and statistical data related to construction guarantee, and lastly conducted the survey on each member of the three Contractor Financial Cooperatives to analyze the usage behavior in the future guarantee market. Based on the result of this study, the members of both the General Contractor Financial Cooperative and Specialty Contractor Financial Cooperative are not willing to change the existing institutions, but a lot of them are expected to use other institutions in duplicate. The members of the Plant & Mechanical Contractor Financial Cooperative are most willing to use other guarantee institutions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.135-149
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• 2021

Purpose - I analyzes risk-to-performance evaluated in the market using data from sale and lease back. Specifically, I analyze from the perspective of financial institutions that purchase sale and lease back based on the cases of investment by ship investment companies and acquisition of ships. Design/methodology/approach - I use 49 sale and lease back data from 2017 to 2019 for empirical analysis. Findings - The main results of this paper are as follows. First, after sale and lease back of domestic ships, the average amount of sales by the leased shipping company is 25.1 billion won, the average amount of investment by the purchased financial institution is 14.6 billion won (60%) and the average length of the ship is nine years. In ship finance, sale and lease back is deemed to be appropriately used as a means of restructuring for a large amount of money. Second, the main risk factor for sale and lease back of domestic ships is credit risk and can be measured in VaR in practice. As a result of the empirical analysis, the average credit risk burden ratio is 9%. As a major risk factor, low creditworthiness of restructuring companies is the key. Third, as a result of measuring the profitability of financial institutions that purchase sale and lease back of domestic ships at a net current price, it has an average value of 300 million won, but the deviation by case is very large. Fourth, the risk adjusted performance of sale and lease back of domestic ships is 0.54 on average compared to the total risk capital, and 0.52 compared to the stock-risk capital, and as with profitability earlier, the deviation of each case is very large and misaligned. In order to boost the sale and lease back market for large and long-term assets, in order to overcome low profitability as a prerequisite for future participation of commercial purchased financial institutions, it is expected that purchase decisions based on expectations versus risk will be necessary. Research implications or Originality - The results of this paper are expected to broaden the understanding of sale and lease back and foster the ability to assess long-term risk and performance. Based on this, it is believed that rapid restructuring of companies through sale and lease back of large amounts of long-term assets will greatly increase the utility of the domestic financial market.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.155-177
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• 2009

This is a study to review provision and production system of social services in European welfare states and find out implications to Korea. Firstly, trends of social service extension and reorganization in welfare state restructuring process, and approaches in interventions to social service system are theoretically discussed. In this discussion, we focus on the discussion of Jessop's workfare in social service extension and reorganization and the concept of innovation in intervention to social service system by state. Then, In order to look at details of reorganization of social service system through restructuring of European welfare states, German case is reviewed. In this review, the reorganization of social service provision and production system in Germany is analyzed through the comparison with the pre-existing system in terms of relationships with public sector as well as between public and private sector respectively. Finally, implications of the European and German experiences to Korea are explored. In order to do so, the state of social services in Korea is examined whilst comparing to the European development process of social services. Also, pros and cons of the electronic voucher scheme, which transforming the social service provision system in Korea, are discussed then challenges in Korean social service delivery system are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8616-8625
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• 2015

This study was done to describe the experiences of middle-aged woman using SNS through smart phone. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi(1978)'s phenomenological method. The research participants were middle-aged woman 10 participants(age 42~52). As result of research, 75 significant statements, 22 themes, 5 themes cluster, and 2 categories of themes cluster were extracted. The 5 themes cluster are: 'space of meeting and communication', 'space of exchanging information', 'space of cultural creation', 'space of digital fatigue', 'dishonesty communication', and 2 categories of themes cluster are: 'Restructuring on positive social relationship', 'Restructuring on negative social relationship'. These results will promote understanding of middle-age woman using SNS through smartphone, and will be helpful in developing more effective nursing intervention for social relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.10 s.212
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• pp.55-68
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• 2005

This research focused on the family stress, coping strategy, and job satisfaction in dual-earner couples. The subjects of this study were 150 dual-earner couples,300 people, in the Kyeongnam Area, Korea. The major findings from the study are as follows; 1) The degree of family stress of the husband and wife in dual-earner couples was 2.74 and 2.98, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. The most stressful event arose from their role as parents caring for their children. The significant variables were religion and the type of expended family in dual-earner couples' husband, and the age of the first child, job, economic level, conjugal period, and marital satisfaction in dual-earner couples' wife. 2) The coping strategy of family stress of the husband and wife in dual-earner couples was 3.41 and 3.45, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. Among the strategies, the 'cognitive restructuring' scored highest. The significant variables were religion, the degree of educational level, job, marital satisfaction, and self-esteem in dual-eamer couples' husband, and economic level, the type of expended family, marital satisfaction, and selfesteem in dual-earner couples' wife. 3) The degree of job satisfaction of the husband and wife in dual-earner couples was 3.72 and 3.89, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. The most effective variables of job satisfaction of the husband and wife in dual-earner couples was self-esteem and cognitive restructuring strategy, respectively.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.7
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• pp.1739-1752
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• 1996

Software reengineering involves improving the software maintenance process and improving existing systems by applying new technologies and software tools. Software reengineering can help us understand existing systems and discover software components that are common across systems. In the paper, we discuss the program analysis and environment to assist reengineering. Program analysis takesan existing program as input and generates information about structured part and object-oriented part. It is used to restructure the information by extracting code through reengineering methodology. These restructuring informations with object-oriented archilccture are mapping prolog form to query by using direct reation and summary relation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.27-59
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• 2008

This paper empirically investigates the finance-growth linkage in Korea by utilizing firm-level data of manufacturing industries before and after the 1997 financial crisis. We find that, first, an increase in external finance is associated with a faster subsequent capital accumulation of firms. However, this capital accumulation channel became relatively attenuated after the crisis. Second, the total factor productivity growth effect of external finance has been considerably weak both before and after the crisis. Third, the information production and industry restructuring effects of external finance have also remained weak after the crisis. The limited role of external finance in post-crisis Korea partially reflects sluggish corporate investment and weakening dependence of good credit firms on external finance. The evidence suggests that, in order to effectively sustain economic growth, further reform efforts may be required to strengthen resource allocation and corporate restructuring roles of financial markets and institutions.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.291-319
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• 2005

The purpose of the paper is to discuss the restructuring of the family policy from a gender-integrating perspective. Several meaningful conclusions were reached. First, examining family policy from the laborer's perspective, the issue of work and family becomes not a gender-related issue but rather an issue for universal people. Second, in order to include the difference in interest among men and women in the labor market, and to view the issue from a gender-integrating perspective, the framework for family policy should consider the place of labor. Third, if family policy is divided into family and labor arena based on the above mentioned framework, the core content of the policy should gear toward loosening and/or eliminating barriers to fulfill the right to work for pay and the right to care for family. Lastly, family policy should aim at men and women sharing the responsibility of supporting and caring for the family. By doing so, we may be closer to maintaining work and family together, the ultimate goal of family policy.