• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.476-481
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• 2019

Background: Mystery shopping is a method in which a company monitors quality of service and employee conduct and compliance with regulations using an evaluator posing as a customer. It is a typical tool of customer-centered bureaucratic control insofar as it provides overall and standardized evaluation of intangible elements of customer service as well as physical elements of service environments. The purpose of this study is to examine how mystery shopping is related to the health status of service workers in South Korea. Methods: Data from semistructured interviews with 15 workers were collected from January to April 2019 to obtain information on service worker experiences with mystery shopping. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Results: Mystery shopping limits worker autonomy and stiffens the workplace environment by standardizing and monitoring labor processes for service workers. In addition, mystery shopping heightens work stress through increased labor intensity. Five mechanisms by which mystery shopping affects service worker health are identified and comprise (1) multifaceted and multilayered surveillance, (2) evaluator subjectivity and irrational requirements, (3) standardized rules combined with high pressure to achieve sales, (4) self-esteem degradation because of evaluator results, and (5) musculoskeletal disorders because of strict adherence to labor processes based on evaluator results. Conclusion: Mystery shopping as an evaluation method should be reconsidered not only in terms of health problems but also in terms of organizational efficiency and issues of human rights.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2012

This research aims to demonstrate the sociocultural significance of architectural journals produced in the 1970s during which a fundamental reconsideration of architectural discipline has been made. To this end, we established a method of analysis adapted to the characteristics of architectural journals of that period. In this formulation, the relative autonomy of architectural journal with regard to various actors and institutions involved in its production emerged as a major criterion for the analysis of a journal. From this methodological reflection, we analyzed two French architectural journals, AMC published between 1973 and 1981 and l'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui between 1974 and 1977, which were produced both in close relation with parisian architectural schools (UPA) in the context of reestablishment of architectural education and beginning of architectural research in France after the events of May 1968. If these journals reflected and strengthened the architectural reality and especially the social network of their protagonists, it is equally important to note that they have transformed it into cultural network, and this by the mechanism proper to their preparation and their textual organization.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.453-497
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate social aspects of young EFL learners' interaction at the computer. Data were taken from the interactions of three pairs of fourth-grade primary school children who worked together on English learning software. Their interactions at the computer were videotaped and then all the talk produced by the students and the utterances emitted from the computer were transcribed. As for the analytical tools, the notion of ‘contextualization cues’ (Gumperz, 1982) and the concept of ‘positioning’ (Davies & Harre,1990) were employed. The analysis reveals that the roles of the students were not tied to a certain position, but rather dynamically changed during the course of interactive work according to the situation at hand. The dynamic changes in their positions were realized through various means; their capability in solving problems, their taking responsibility or assigning it to each other, or cooperation. There were also instances of peer teaching and motivated learning. In addition, the students showed autonomy in their learning activity. These findings suggest that both students in a dyad had their own place in performing task activities, contributing to solving problems and getting benefits from peer interaction. Furthermore, students' working together on English learning software may provide an environment which can promote cooperative attitude and responsibility for learning and enhance motivation and autonomy in their learning process.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.419-423
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• 2010

Purpose: The concept of respect is rooted in the core value of human relations, and interpersonal relationships with others. The notion of respect in these relationships is entrenched in the broader context of the processes of relationships between professionals and clients in general, along with the philosophical and ethical foundations of respect. Although nursing principles and values, such as autonomy and dignity have built their foundation of care on the concept of respect, these concepts (ie. autonomy and dignity) are still different from respect. Respect within health professional-client relationships, indicates that respect is a fundamental concept within nursing, permeating a number of other concepts that provide purposeful nursing care within the process of nurse-client relationships and respect has been discussed as an ethical and moral concept of care that addresses the values of human dignity in the nursing discipline, however research examining the client s perspectives of respect as an ethical principle of care, especially within Canada s diverse population is non-existent. There is limited research from the client s perspective addressing challenges communicating the concept of respect in relationships between health professionals and clients, specifically research directed at immigrant or the vulnerable population.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.825-840
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors associated with marital satisfaction and stability among married men and women. The major findings of this study are as follows: the factors associated with marital satisfaction and stability are different between gender. For married women the positive communication with spouse strongly had positive effect on women's marital satisfaction, while destructive conflict strongly had negative effect on women's marital stability. Otherwise, married men's positive communication with spouse was the most important factor in the marital satisfaction. The emotional support of family-of-origin strongly had effect on men's marital stability. This study reveals that the emotional support from families of origin have a direct effect on needs for affection and autonomy, positive communication, destructive conflict patterns, sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction and stability. Therefore, the results could be useful resources for family counselors and researchers to develop educational program for married couples.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 2018

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the current state of governance structure and management of the health system to achieve the goals of the health system in South Korea, and to propose reform plan. This study drew implications from the governance of United Kingdom, Germany, and Netherlands, based on the principle of health system proposed by World Health Organization. The presidency and the health ministry should make macroscopic decision-making. The government has to decentralize the enforcement by municipality to operate public health and national health insurance (NHI), and to distribute the centralized NHI fund by municipality. The front line health centers and community centers should provide integrated health and social services. The government has to establish diversified regulatory bodies to enhance both the patient-centered care and the efficiency and equity of health care, and to provide mechanisms for ensuring autonomy of providers. The governance of the health system should be composed of the centralization of macro decision-making, the decentralization of implementation by municipality, the integration of health and social services on the front line, and the well-balanced regulation and autonomy on both consumers and suppliers.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.111-123
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• 2011

The research tris to provide some basic data for the efficient method of human resources management and the efficiency of hospital organization by drawing how servant leadership of physical therapists has impact on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. As a measuring device the method of self-fill-in questionnaire survey was utilized and the correlation and regression analysis was practiced on demographic property, the relationships of 11 kinds of variables between servant leadership and organizational commitment. Job satisfaction was concerned with internal motivation, autonomy, hearing, altruistic vocation, community sense, sympathy formation, vision in the positive order, while organizational commitment was concerned with internal motivation, altruistic vocation, vision, autonomy, community sense, hearing, and sympathy formation is the positive order. Supervisors of physical therapists should try to strive to fulfill the demands of therapists in their position, suggest the vision and objectives to them, and enhance their community sense. As a result, supervisors of physical therapists can enhance job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the position of their employees.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.454-464
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the causal relationship of familial factors (parental acceptance, autonomy, and family satisfaction), social support (teacher's support and friend's support), school achievement, self-concept, and school adjustment. Based on preceding research, this study established a path model of school adjustment and its related variables. Methods: Two thousand six hundred and twenty nine middle school students participated in this study. Data were collected by a visit-survey with an organized questionnaire and was analyzed by the SPSS and AMOS programs. Results: Self-concept showed a significantly direct influence to school adjustment while both family satisfaction and school achievement directly and indirectly influenced school adjustment. Parental acceptance, autonomy, and social support indirectly influenced school adjustment. Conclusion: These results imply that first, family satisfaction, and self-concept are essential to solve the problems of school adjustment. Especially friend's support, teacher's support and school achievement should help improve the self-concept and school adjustment. Second, a variety of programs are available for schools to employ in an effort to provide interventions for students who demonstrate school maladjustment. Finally, it is necessary for family, school and society members to comprehensively cooperate to improve school adjustment.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.238-247
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intrinsic motivation and learning outcomes of nursing college students who took the Fundamentals of nursing as a problem-based learning method. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we identified the intrinsic motivations of 114 nursing students who completed problem-based learning using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. The t-test was conducted to identify differences according to intrinsic motivation, and correlation analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between intrinsic motivation and learning outcomes. Results: The group with higher intrinsic motivation showed higher scores in all domains of self-assessed learning outcomes than the lower group. It was the 'Relatedness with an instructor' that showed the highest correlation with the learning outcomes in the domains of intrinsic motivation. Conclusion: Problem-based learning is an effective learning method for cultivating the competencies needed for nurses. The intrinsic motivation of students is an important factor in the performance of problem-based learning. For the efficiency of problem-based learning, efforts should be made to develop and apply autonomy-supportive interventions that can enhance intrinsic motivation.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.497-506
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine how to effectively further empowerment among organizational members based on empowerment theories. And it's also meant to investigate the influential relationship between job characteristics, which are the variables that organizational members should consider, and empowerment in an effort to provide more autonomy for the members of enterprises in Korean society. As a result of making the study, there were a significant positive influential relationship and significant correlation between job characteristics and empowerment. In the future, it seems necessary to make research to determine the process and way of furthering empowerment among organizational members and the characteristics of empowerment-boosting organizational culture, and more research should be implemented to apply the findings of these research efforts in various fields.