• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2006

Osteocalcin is a vitamin K dependent and bone specific protein which plays an important role in the regulation of bone and calcium metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the C298T polymorphism in the osteocalcin gene and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean young men and their interaction with physical activity. BMDs of the femoral neck and lumbar spine were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the C298T polymorphism in the osteocalcin gene determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. We did not observe any significant differences in the femoral neck and lumbar spine BMDs across genotypes of this polymorphism in controls, athletes or combined groups, respectively (P>0.05). Therefore, our data suggest that the C298T polymorphism in the osteocalcin gene is not a suitable genetic marker for the susceptibility to BMD.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 2005

It has been reported that endurance performance is influenced by various environmental and genetic factors. In view of an important role of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a candidate for endurance performance, this study focused on the relationships between $VO_{2max}$ value as a measure of endurance performance or other associated phenotypes and four mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) (Bam HI, Hinc II1, Hinc II2 and Nci I) in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 and one (Kpn I) in the D-loop region of mtDNA. MtDNA was purified from buffy coat in human peripheral blood, and PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to estimate the allele frequencies of each polymorphism in the mtDNA. There were no significant differences in allele distributions of all polymorphisms studied between male athletes and controls, respectively (P>0.05). However, the Kpn I polymorphism was significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure level in male athletes, respectively (P<0.05). Therefore, our results suggest that this polymorphism might be one of the factors modifying inter-individual difference in cardiovascular risk. Further studies using larger sample size will be required to generalize these results from the study described herein.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.205-218
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• 2007

Statement of problem, and purpose: This study was performed to make good foundations for better development of mouth guards by surveying, analyzing and finding the understanding or opinions of athletes on mouth guards. Material and Methods: 617 sports players comprised the data base of the Survey, 230 contact sports, 387 non-contact sports. We surveyed and analyzed by asking following questions for athletes. 1. The sort of sports in which the player is majoring. 2. How long the players career is. 3. Whether the player has received prize or not. 4. The condition of stomatognathic system. 5. His or her eating habits. Results and conclusion: 1. Inconveniences should be minimized in wearing mouth guards. 2. The differential designs are thought to be needed for different sort of sports and for frequently affected regions 3. The changes in acknowledgment of athletes in mouth guards is necessary, that is mouth guard is very important & essential to prevent or minimize the traumatic damages. 4. Keeping in intimate and close contact with related athletic associations and putting athletes under the obligation to wear it for themselves, should be required.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 2007

Statement of problem,and purpose: This study was performed to make good foundations for better development of mouth guards by surveying, analyzing and finding the understanding or opinions of athletes on mouth guards. Material and Methods: 617 sports players comprised the data base of the Survey, 230 contact sports, 387 non-contact sports. We surveyed and analyzed by asking following questions for athletes. 1. The sort of sports in which the player is majoring. 2. How long the players career is. 3. Whether the player has received prize or not. 4. The condition of stomatognathic system. 5. His or her eating habits. Results and conclusion: 1. Inconveniences should be minimized in wearing mouth guards. 2. The differential designs are thought to be needed for different sort of sports and for frequently affected regions 3. The changes in acknowledgment of athletes in mouth guards is necessary, that is mouth guard is very important & essential to prevent or minimize the traumatic damages. 4. Keeping in intimate and close contact with related athletic associations and putting athletes under the obligation to wear it for themselves, should be required.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.132-138
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• 2023

Purpose: This study compared the effects of the elastic resistance and general training for college Taekwondo athletes, and investigated the biomechanical ability and lower extremity function according to the movement speed of the knee joint. Methods: Twenty university student Taekwondo athletes participated voluntarily in this study. The subjects performed general resistance training for four weeks, followed by elastic resistance training for another four weeks. The biomechanical parameters during the fast and slow isokinetic conditions, Y-balance ability, and vertical jump ability were measured three times: before training, after general resistance training, and after elastic resistance training. Statistical analysis was performed under isokinetic conditions and the intervention effect. Results: The biomechanical ability differed significantly between fast and slow isokinetic conditions (p<0.05). An analysis of the training method revealed a significant difference in the maximum knee extension speed and the posterior-lateral direction of the Y-balance test (p<0.05). Conclusion: Elastic resistance training had a more positive effect on the functional task performance than biomechanical factors related to muscular strength compared to general resistance training. In addition, speed-related knee biomechanical information of subjects with strong physical abilities could be utilized in sports physiotherapy.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in records for each section of the wheelchair marathon and to provide information necessary for training and basic data for developing training methods. The subjects of this study were analyzed for the records of a total of 5 foreign male athletes and 4 domestic top athletes who completed the 42.195km full course among the participants at the 2016 Seoul International Wheelchair Marathon. Every 5km section records and finish records were used, and the first section to the ninth section were set. As for the data processing method, descriptive statistics (Mean, SD) were used using the statistical program SPSS 25.0. The following conclusions were drawn according to the above research methods and procedures. In the case of the winning W1 athletes, the record at 30km to 35km was the fastest 8 minutes and 43 seconds in the entire section, and the difference was 1 minute and 4 seconds compared to the K1 athletes of the nation's No. 1 athletes. In order to be ranked higher in international competitions, training to adapt to a quick pace at a later stage is required. That is, it was found that the second half face should be faster based on the half distance. In addition, in each section of the first half, it is necessary to develop a race pace suitable for the average speed level for each individual section. Therefore, it is considered that the fitness training program that can maintain the early race and the training program that can cope with changes in pace after the second half should be applied.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.170-185
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among instructor's non-verbal communication, emotional reaction, and self-efficacy. By using convenience sampling method of non-provability sampling, 258 student athletes from S and D cities were selected for a questionnaire survey. The 184 returned surveys were analyzed with structural equation modeling through SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 statics program. The study results are summarized as follows. First, instructor's non-verbal communication has a positive influence on emotional reaction of high school student athletes. Second, high school student athletes experiencing emotional reactions by instructor have a positive influence on self-efficacy. Third, instructor's non-verbal communication does not influence self-efficacy of high school student athletes directly. Fourth, emotional reactions of high school student athletes experienced by instructor's non-verbal communication have a mediating effect on self-efficacy. Fifth, neither gender nor exercise period has a moderating effect on the relationship between non-verbal communication, emotional reactions, and self-efficacy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.475-483
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• 2017

Based on the operating system of the advanced school athletic clubs operated to attempt a new paradigm of athletic culture in the field of school athletics, this study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of the student athletes' academic level and seek a solution for the stream of the times and integrated change based on a relative minimum academic achievement standard applied by this system. For Analyzing the difference in academic grades between subjects to which the minimum academic achievement standard by the event is applied, one-way ANOVA and MANOVA were used. First, the grade point average (GPA) of the student athletes by the event did not reach the GPA of most general students. Second, it was predicted that in applying a standard, relative to the general students, as academic grades increased, the probability in which the student athletes do not reach the minimum academic achievement standard would increase. Third, it turned out that, even in the phased application of the current minimum academic achievement standard to the GPA of the student athletes by the event, the ratio of the attainment of the minimum academic achievement was similar.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.479-487
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• 2019

The study sought to reveal the impact of focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation on post-traumatic growth for adolescent athletes with trauma experiences. A preliminary survey was conducted on 215 middle and high school athletes in the S city and K provinces. The impact of focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation on post-traumatic growth was verified using validated questionnaires. The results for the purpose and method of study are as follows. Focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation of adolescent athletes affect post-traumatic growth. Positive reappraisal was the most influential factor affecting post-traumatic growth, followed by the factors influencing the aware, acceptance, accept, reflect and positive refocusing. In order to experience post-traumatic growth through the results of this study, it is important to understand the overall understanding and tactics of focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation. Therefore, effective psychological training methods will be needed to positively control the level of focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation among adolescent athletes.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.537-545
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate how effects creatine dosage has on the improvement of rowing athletes' performance ability. Rowing athletes were administered with creatine, through which to examine the change of athletic performance ability, blood fatigue substances, and muscular activity. The subjects (participants) of this Study consisted of 12 male rowing athletes at P University, with at least 5 years of rowing experiences, which divided into two groups - creatine dosing group of 6 persons and control group of 6 persons - for random sampling measurement. Enzymatic-colorimetric method using lacrate oxidase and 4-aminoantipyrine was performed for blood lactate level analysis, and wireless EMG system (QEMG-4: Lxtha Korea) for muscular activity analysis, with 4 channels set for data analysis. As body parts to be measured, two muscular parts - latissimus dorsi and lumbar spinel - were chosen. Then, on the 5th day from the date of administering them with creatine (that is, 4 days after dosing them with creatine), rowing movement with the highest level of activity was calculated as peak value, which was measured twice. The test data used for this Study were SPSS/PC 18.0, pre-movement and post-movement two-way ANOVA for repeated measurement for comparative analysis of each muscle, with significant level at .05. As a result, the change of blood lactate level was significantly higher in creatine dosing group than in non-dosing group (p<.05). As for the change of muscular activity, both latissimus dorsi and lumbar spinel showed a significantly higher change of muscle in creatine dosing group than in non-dosing group (p<.05 and p<.05, respectively).