• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

This study investigates the practitioners' perception of Landscape Education in the universities in order to satisfy the demands of the rapidly changing industry. The survey was conducted for 257 practitioners to analyze the overall perception of Landscape Education, the importance and utilization of each course in universities, and the importance and utilization of each landscape process step. The overall perception of Landscape Education was slightly negative, and more practical education was demanded to improve the students' adaptability on the job. Practitioners suggested that universities should teach more practical expertise and related fields. They re-educated deficient aspects such as practical skills, computer techniques and legislational knowledge through the new employee training. The survey also showed that professors should be most responsible for a better education; however, students and practitioners have to endeavor together. According to the findings, planting design, landscape design, landscape materials, landscape planning and landscape construction as well as management were important. They are also considered as practical courses. However, practitioners perceived that university education was not sufficient for the constructional process. This means that Landscape Education in the universities has been more focused on planning and design. Because the universities are essentially for the research and study, changing the curriculum as practitioners suggested is not necessary. Nevertheless, it suggests for more practical education and balanced curriculum including construction and management that should be seriously considered. This study was focused on the practitioners' perception. Many of the respondents were from Seoul metropolitan area, therefore, it's hard to generalize the findings. A further study should be considered that would include instructors as well as students.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2006

The ultimate goal of this paper falls on assessing the magnitude of co- evolutionary pattern existing between the genuine growth of KOSDAQ and KOSDAQ-Listed Companies. This paper define the concept of "genuine growth" as including quantitative and qualitative growth of each entities. This paper take genuine growth indexes of KOSDAQ as liquidity, fairness, volatility, transparency, while that of KOSDAQ-Listed Companies as quantitative financial indexes and qualitative financial indexes. This paper brings three research implications as conclusions. First, growth engine of KOSDAQ resulting in its' qualitative growth besides quantitative one is founded on number of KOSDAQ-Listed companies showing outstanding financial performance qualitatively, Second, increasing permanent profit portion of KOSDAQ-Listed Companies have induced a long-term assessed investment rather than short insight speculation in the year of 2005. In addition, source of lowering market volatility and stabilizing market is strongly correlated with the excellency of profit quality among KOSDAQ-Listed Companies. Third, a high adaptability of KOSDAQ-Listed companies meeting with market sustaining requirements enable KOSDAQ to enhance market efficiency.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

Purpose - Since the early 1990s, it has been observed that the number and substance of studies on female leadership have been increasing. One of the reasons for this development may be concerned with the increasing number of female labor market participants as well as the greater opportunities for them to take higher positions in various organizations. In addition to this, the transition from mechanistic organizational structures that emphasize authority, control, and efficiency toward organic ones that focus on environmental adaptability, equality, and trust has also encouraged research on female leadership. The research tendency is based on the assumption that male and female leaders tend to exhibit different leadership styles according to their gender differences. Recent research has cast doubt on this assumption, by showing that the sociological gender roles of men and women are independent such that some female leaders show authoritative and control-oriented leadership, which were once considered to be male leadership styles. Research design, data, and methodology - This research attempts to carry out an empirical study on the gender-related leadership styles of female leaders and to examine their effect on group performance in the K business organization. This study also focuses on leader attributes such as trust, and it aims to discover whether these attributes should be regarded as independent or as moderating variables between leadership styles and performance. For these purposes, this study generated four hypotheses based on a review of the literature and it tested them using a survey. Female workers in the sales departments of the K Company, all of whom are women, were asked to provide answers to the presented questionnaires. This study hypothesizes that the type of gender roles played by women leaders will affect the job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the members of the sales group, and that the level of trust that is garnered by women leaders will also affect the types of gender roles that they play as well as employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results - The results of this study show that both androgynous and masculine leadership styles are superior to the feminine leadership style in terms of employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, contrary to our expectations, this study fails to show the superiority of the androgynous leadership style over the masculine leadership style. Moreover, there are no significant differences between these two leadership styles with regard to group performance. Conclusions - This study shows that it is important that different attributes of leaders, such as how trusted they are, be treated as moderating variables between leadership and performance rather than as independent variables. Finally, as this is the first attempt to view the role of the gender in a new perspective, the managerial implications of this study for leadership research, as well as its limitations, are presented. Suggestions for future related research are also proposed.

• School Mathematics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.379-396
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of problem solving in mathematics for gifted students through case study on solving the mathematical problem for gifted students, and to investigate what are relationships with the cognitive and affective characteristics. To this end, this study was to analyze the characteristics on the problem solving in mathematics by using qualitative research method after it selected two students who had specific education for brilliant students. As a result, this study has shown that it had high preference for question with clear answer, high preference for individual inquiry learning, high adhesion to answer for question, and high adhesion for assignment on characteristics of process of problem solving, but there was much difference in spirit of competition. As to the characteristics of thoughts in problem solving, this study has shown that it had high grasp capacity, intuitive insight, and capacity for visualization, but there were differences in capacity for generalization and adaptability. However, both two students had low values in deductive thought. In addition, as to the home environment and cognitive and affective characteristics, they were not related to the characteristics on problem solving directly, but it has shown that it affected each other indirectly. As to the conclusion of this study, this researcher thinks that it will be valuable documentation in order to improve curriculum, development of textbooks, and teaching method for special education for the gifted students and education for secondary mathematics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.646-651
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• 2014

To evaluate the processing adaptability of burdock (Arctium lappa L) tea, the physicochemical properties of burdock tea treated with steaming and roasting were investigated. The tea treatments included hot-air drying after roasting (HDR, drying at $60^{\circ}C$ for 6 hr), steaming after hot-air drying (SHD, steaming at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min), and steaming and then hot-air drying followed by roasting (SHDR, roasting at $250^{\circ}C$ for 3 min). The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and sensory properties of the HDR, SHD, and SHDR teas were measured in hot water, and the tea was extracted from each sample. The color values of lightness (L) and yellowness (b) were lower in the HDR and SHDR teas, and the total sugar content of the SHDR tea was significantly higher than that of the other teas. The ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging abilities of the SHDR tea with a 500 mg% concentration were significantly higher than those of the SHD tea. In the sensory evaluation, the SHDR tea was ranked significantly higher than the other samples as to its color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability. The results suggest that SHDR can be applied to burdock tea to achieve high quality and functionality.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.77-91
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• 2018

Purpose - In this research, we investigate the relationship between the level of information technology utilization, social capital and knowledge management, organization performance. For information and knowledge management, participants' certain level of information technology utilization is required and connections among participants are necessary for performing and for synergy effects. Research design, data, and methodology - Reflecting on these, we empirically analyze the effects of participant's information technology utilization level and social capital on knowledge management and organization achievement for the case of Incheon International Airport. Questionnaire is distributed to the airport employees and collected 221 samples for analyzing. SPSS and AMOS statistic programs are used for analysis. Factor analysis, Credibility adaptability, path analysis, hypotheses are verified. Results - The study research shows as follow. First, the level of IT utilization does affect social capital but does not affect knowledge management. Second, social capital affects both knowledge management and organization achievement. To investigate more about the relationship between the level of IT utilization and knowledge management, we analyzed the control effects of personal characteristics, and findings are, first, employees with longer time service recognize the importance that the level of IT use and knowledge management affect organization achievement more seriously than employees with shorter time service do. Second, employees with shorter time service and younger employees have relatively lesser social capital and participate in knowledge management passively. Third, higher position employees think that the level of IT utilization affects knowledge management while lower position employees do not. Conclusions - The level of IT utilization affects social capital, and social capital affects knowledge management and organization achievement. These results suggest that the level of IT utilization is very important to both organization and each employee. So providing related training and education opportunities or incentives to induce employees to make efforts for higher level of IT utilization and thus to participate in knowledge management more actively is necessary. The level of IT utilization affects social capital which airport employees lack. The one of study results indicates the importance of social capital and for higher competitiveness of the airport social capital should be increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1984

In order to ascertain the practical possibility of home made retort pouches for production of retort pouch foods in factory, two kinds of retortable pouches, i. e. 3 ply film (polyester film/Al. foil/casting polypropylene) and 4 ply film(polyester film/Al. foil/nylon/casting poll·propylene) were developed in Korea, and then, their physical properties, such as physical strength, heat resistance during thermal processing and preservability of foods and sanitary safety, were tested and compared with the foreign made pouches. The results obtained were summarized as follows. a. The physical strength of home made retort pouches in processing model foods(soybean oil 5 %, acetic acid 2%, starch 5 % and water to 100 %) was equal to that of foreign made pouches at accelerated examination condition($38^{\circ}C$, 98 % RH). But the lamination strength of home made products was a little bit superior to that of foreign made products. b. Home made retort pouches(SAMA-4 ply and SAMA-3 ply pouch) packed with rice or curry was possible to bear the thermal processing at $135^{\circ}C$ and shelf-life was one year or more at ambient temperature($20^{\circ}C$). c. Sanitary safety test showed that these home made retort pouches were acceptable comparing to the regulation recommended by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.59-76
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose an agent architecture called L-CAA that is quite effective in real-time dynamic environments. L-CAA is an extension of CAA, the behavior-based agent architecture which was also developed by our research group. In order to improve adaptability to the changing environment, it is extended by adding reinforcement learning capability. To obtain stable performance, however, behavior selection and execution in the L-CAA architecture do not entirely rely on learning. In L-CAA, learning is utilized merely as a complimentary means for behavior selection and execution. Behavior selection mechanism in this architecture consists of two phases. In the first phase, the behaviors are extracted from the behavior library by checking the user-defined applicable conditions and utility of each behavior. If multiple behaviors are extracted in the first phase, the single behavior is selected to execute in the help of reinforcement learning in the second phase. That is, the behavior with the highest expected reward is selected by comparing Q values of individual behaviors updated through reinforcement learning. L-CAA can monitor the maintainable conditions of the executing behavior and stop immediately the behavior when some of the conditions fail due to dynamic change of the environment. Additionally, L-CAA can suspend and then resume the current behavior whenever it encounters a higher utility behavior. In order to analyze effectiveness of the L-CAA architecture, we implement an L-CAA-enabled agent autonomously playing in an Unreal Tournament game that is a well-known dynamic virtual environment, and then conduct several experiments using it.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.705-715
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• 2013

This study has an objective of suggesting the ways to improve infant's sense of self-respect and peer competence, by examining what effect infant temperament has on infant's sense of self-respect and peer competence. The notable study results through analysis are as follows; First, it was shown that, in regard with adaptability and activity of infant temperament, cognitive ability of the sense of self-respect and peer acceptance, the average score of day care centers was higher, while it was shown that, in regard with response of infant temperament, the sense of self-respect's mother acceptance, peer relationship, sociability of peer competence, the average score of kindergartens was higher, and the boy infants' physiological regularity was shown to be higher than that of girl infants. Second, as a result of looking into the difference of infant temperament, sense of self-respect, and peer competence according to infant's age, we found that, in case of 'response' of infant temperament, age 5 group was classified into 'group a', and age 3 and 4 group was classified into 'group b', and two groups showed the difference, and in case of 'physiological regularity', age 3 group had the biggest regularity while age 5 group had the relatively low regularity, thus two groups showed the difference. In regard with sense of self-respect and peer competence, it was shown that age 4 and 5 group had higher one than that of age 3 group.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest the implications for maximizing the efficiency of job training conducted by companies through studying the effects of job education and training programs on job efficiency and job satisfaction. This study surveyed 300 employees of medium and large companies in Cheongju. The causality was verified based on the collected questionnaires. The results of the study are as follows. First, companies should understand the educational needs of heir employees and develop and operate employee-centered education programs. Second, companies need to have an autonomous system in order to allow voluntary application of education that can help employees to perform their duties among the external education programs. Third, companies should uncover the needs of their employees in various ways and build up the latest educational materials and educational environment to establish new knowledge and learning conditions. Finally, companies should recognize their employees as a concept of their partners and respect each employee's capabilities so that they can have autonomy and fun in their work activities.