• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.144-151
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• 2008

This study investigated the changes in the contents of allicin and diallyl disulfide and in the alliinase activity during the vacuum freeze drying of onion samples treated as the whole, sliced and crushed forms. The contents of allicin and diallyl disulfide in raw onions were 26.40ppm and 2.78ppm respectively. The contents of allicin and diallyl disulfide of onion samples treated as the whole, sliced and crushed forms increased with the progress of vacuum freeze drying. The degree of increase was different in each onion sample form prepared by vacuum freeze drying(p<0.05). The specific activity of alliinase in raw onions was 7.536 units/mg protein. The activity in onion samples treated as the whole, sliced and crushed forms decreased with the progress of vacuum freeze drying. The activity in the whole onion prepared by the vacuum freeze drying for 8 hrs reduced to 5.516 units/mg protein with 73.2% remaining and to 3.304 units/mg protein with 43.8% remaining for 36 hrs. The activity in the sliced onion prepared by the vacuum freeze drying for 36 hrs reduced to 2.366 units/mg protein with 31.4% remaining and the activity in the crushed onion prepared by the vacuum freeze drying for 36 hrs reduced to 2.232 units/mg protein with 29.6% remaining. The alliinase in onion sample treated as the whole form showed the highest remaining activity during the vacuum freeze drying.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 2006

Purpose: Current trend in implant dentistry is changing from external connection to internal connection. To evaluate the splinting of external and internal connection implant on screw loosening, 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with BioPlant $System^(R)$ of external connection type and Lifecore STAGE-1 Single Stage Implant $System^(R)$ of internal connection type. Material and Method: Experimental group is classified into three groups. 1) $G_1-EE$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with two Bioplant $System^(R)$ of external connection type. 2) $G_1-EI$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with one BioPlant $System^(R)$ of external connection type and one Lifecore STAGE-1 Single Stage Implant $System^(R)$ of internal connection type. 3) $G_1-II$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with two Lifecore STAGE-1 Single Stage Implant $System^(R)$ of internal connection type. In fabricating 2-units prosthesis, two hexed abutments are recommended when two implants are installed parallel, otherwise one hexed abutment is used on major occlusal force area and one nonhexed abutment is used on the other area. Since it is rare to find two implants being parallel, it is hard to fabricate prosthesis with passive adaptation using two hexed abutments. It is much more difficult to acquire passive adaptation when using hex abutment compared to nonhex abutment. To evaluate the influence of hexed and nonhexed abutment on screw loosening, 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with hexed and nonhexed abutment. Experimental group is classified into three groups. 1) $G_2-HH$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with two hexed abutments. 2) $G_2-HN$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with one hexed abutment and one nonhexed abutment. 3) $G_2-NN$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with two nonhexed abutments. Result: The results of comparing the detorque value after loading on a each prosthesis periodically are as follows. 1. In splinting group of external and internal connection implant, $G_1-II$ group demonstrated the biggest detorque value, followed by $G_1-EI$ group and $G_1-EE$ group. 2. There is no notable significance between external connection implant of $G_1-EI$ group and $G_1-EE$ group and also no significance between internal connection implant of $G_1-EI$ group and $G_1-II$ group. 3. $G_2-HH$ group showed higher detorque value than $G_2-HN\;and\;G_2-NN$ group. From the results, we can concluded that using both external connection and internal connection implant together is clinically acceptable and in order to acquire a good passive adaptation in fabricating 2-units implant prosthesis we can use two nonhexed abutments.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate radiographical and operating conditions of X-ray units and exposure doses to patients during chest radiography, so that the results could provide basic data used for reducing the exposure dose and for providing the diagnostic information with better quality. The conditions and exposure doses of 100 X-ray units mainly used for chest radiography were examined and also 100 radiological technologists mainly handling those apparatus at 76 medical facilities in Pusan were surveyed using a questionnaire from October 1 to December 31 in 1995. The following results were obtained from the study : 1. It was found that most units were capable of taking a high tube voltage radiography by showing 67% of the units equipped with the maximum tube voltage of 150 kV, 94% with more than 500 mA for the rating capacity and 85% with the full wave type of a signal phase. 2. For actual chest radiographical conditions, however, 80% of the units were operated at $60{\sim}100\;kVp$ and only 14% at 100 kVp and over for the high tube voltage. 3. The average exposure time was less than 0.1 second, and eighty four percent of the units adapted the X-ray tube currents ranging from 200 to 300 mA, 80% the focus-film distances between 180 and 210 cm, and 63% the focus sizes of more than 2.0 mm. 4. Most units(98%) employed additional filters made of aluminum, 75% the thickness of filters less than 2.0 mm, and only 2 units the compound filters. 5. Ortho chromatic system was only adopted in 13% of screen film system for the units, and 73% used the grid ratio at 8 : 1 for the low tube voltage during chest radiography. 6. The average exposure dose of all X-ray units during chest radiography was $371\;{\mu}Sv$ with a difference of about 16 times between the minimum to the maximum, and $386\;{\mu}Sv$ both at hospitals and at health centers, followed by $380\;{\mu}Sv$ at general hospitals and $263\;{\mu}Sv$ at university hospitals without showing any statistically significant differences. In conclusion, since patients during chest radiography at medical facilities in Pusan exposed to high levels of radiation, it is recommended that appropriate added filters and grids necessary for the high tube voltage radiography and high-speed screen systems should be adopted and used as soon as possible in order to reduce exposure dose to the patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.4
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• pp.470-479
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• 2000

Management units of forest vegetation established on Mt. Moodeung (1,186.8m), a typical urban forest at Kwangju city located in the southwestern Korea, was classified phytosociologically and its spatial distribution mapped out with special reference to its ecological conservation and management. Management units of this area were classified into three categories; twenty-one higher units, ten lower units and nine lowest units, giving a total of 31 zones. Total area for detailed mapping was 2,779.5ha, of which natural vegetation accounted for 2192.0ha (78.9%), residing in most part of this area, artificial vegetation for 159.1ha (5.7%), and non-forested area including arable area, burned area and others for 428.4ha (15.5%). The ratio of natural forest element showed 93.2%, which is much higher when compared with those of other urban forests.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.323-338
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• 2010

In this study we analyzed the teaching units for the area of geometrical figures by the same method in the previous research of Kang, Wan and Kim, Nam Jun in 2010, where they extracted the teaching units based on the mathematics curriculum based on the theory of Wittmann (1984). Teaching units are a systematic organization of the essential contents for mathematics education according to 4 elements, objectives, data, functions, and backgrounds. In this study, the features and titles of the teaching units, extracted from the area of geometrical figures in revised mathematics curriculums in 2007, are analyzed and categorized as accepting of concept type, application of concept type, and acquiring of relation type. Their meanings for education are investigated, in addition, the way of their practical application to research of education for the area of geometrical figures. The teaching units are a model consistently compensated and evolved rather than fixed. It will be an important material for establishing new educational courses if the teaching units are more systematically studied by mathematics researchers and teachers in educational fields.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1982

Activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT] and serum lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] were determined during and after surgery In a total of 18 patients with heart diseases Including 8 cases of congenital heart anomaly and 10 cases of acquired valvular diseases who undergone open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The results obtained are as follows: 1]The average value of the activity of SGPT before the surgery was $27.94{\pm}12.24$ units. The value was increased following the operation and reached to the maximum value of $43.83{\pm}37.02$ units 2 days after the operation, which was slightly deviated from the normal range. The enzyme activity returned to the normal range of $32.82{\pm}23.61$ units 4 days after the operation. 2]The average value of the activity of SGOT before the surgery was observed to be $30.5{\pm}11.29$ units. The value increased during the operation and reached to the maximum value of $95.56{\pm}43.38$ units. 2 days after the operation, the enzyme activity was gradually decreased thereafter and returned to the normal range 6 days after the operation. 3]The average value of the activity of serum LDH before the surgery was found to be $258.0{\pm}88.96$ units. The value was increased during the operation and reached to the maximum value of $930.55{\pm} 258.23$ units 2 days after the operation. The enzyme activity was gradually decreased thereafter and returned to normal range 7 days after the operation. 4]It was observed that the longer the time required for the extracorporeal circulation in the open heart surgery became, the greater the changed in activity of SGOT, SGPT and serum LDH were found.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

In this paper we made energy consumption units of glass curtain wall type apartment and general apartment in Busan metropolitan city and compared energy consumption characteristics by building envelope. The monthly electricity consumption units of general apartment were shown in the range of $1.16{\sim}1.51kWh/m^2{\cdot}mon$ which were indicated higher value in January, February, August and September with little variation. On the other hand, in case of glass curtain wall type apartment, monthly electricity consumption units were represented in the range of $1.91{\sim}7.07kWh/m^2{\cdot}mon$ with significant fluctuations monthly, which were outstandingly high in July, August and September. The monthly city gas consumption units of general apartment were found to be in the range of $1.79{\sim}18.07MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$, while glass curtain wall type apartment were within $0.94{\sim}19.91MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$. City gas consumption units from December to March were shown highly in both type apartments. The monthly energy consumption units of general apartment were found to be within $14.23{\sim}30.69MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$, while glass curtain wall type apartment were within $24.49{\sim}68.9MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$. Energy consumption units of glass curtain wall type apartment were suggested 4.84 times higher than those of general apartment.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 2014

Three-dimensional computed tomography is an effective tool to estimate the liver volume of living donors for the live liver transplantation. When additional operation is required, magnetic resonance imaging is conducted to determine the safety of the donor. This study compared the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in estimating 3D liver volume of 23 male and 7 female donors who underwent both magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography tests before the transplantation. The analysis was conducted to see whether the liver's estimated total volumes and the left lobe volumes obtained from 3D-magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography were identical. Volumes of the right lobe estimated with 3D-magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography were compared with the actual volume of the right lobe harvested in the operating room because the volume of the right lobe is an important determinant in the safety of the donor. The total volume of the liver estimated from 3D-magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography differed (1238.1904 units and 1402.364 units respectively). The left lobe volume of the liver estimated with 3D-magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography also differed (450.530 units and 554.490 units, respectively). The right lobe volume of the liver estimated with 3D-magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography were 787.660 units and 847.545 units, respectively, while the actual average right lobe volume of the harvested liver was 678.636 units. 3D-computed tomography has been widely used to estimate the right lobe volume of the donors' liver. However, 3D-magnetic resonance imaging was also very effective in estimating the volume of the liver. Thus, 3D-magnetic resonance imaging is also expected to become an important tool in determining the safety of the donors before transplantation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.319-330
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• 2009

The contents of clothing and textiles area of elementary home economics textbooks from 1948 to 1955 were investigated. Home economics of elementary school education in those days corresponds to practice acts of elementary school education in present. Practical acts has the all-around concepts of the agriculture, industry and home economics Also the knowledge or skill for actual life are teamed. Practical acts education was started from lessons of sewing for women under title of 'jaebong'. It can be said that practical acts education was started from clothing and textiles area. The home economics elementary textbooks of the year 1948 were composed of 21 units for 5th grade and 22 units for 6th grade. The textbook for 5th grade of 1953 was composed of 19 units, and one for 6th grade of 1955 was composed of 18 units. The clothing and textiles area accounts for 38.6% in 5th grade textbook, for 32% in 6th grade textbook of 1948 and for 31% in 5th grade of 1953 and 6th grade textbooks of 1955. The textbook contents of clothing and textiles area were classified into five fields of sewing, knitting. patching, embroidering and care. In 1948, textbooks were placed a great deal of weight on sewing field education as 7 units of 15 units. The 7 units for sewing fields have suitable connection to develop. But, in the case of knitting, patching or care, just groundwork of each field was included for application to actual life without vertical connection. The contents of textbooks for clothing and textiles area in 1953 and 1955 were much alike with those in 1948.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1998

We have already prepared a human lysozyme (HLY) structural gene from chemically synthesized 38 oligomers with high codon usage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For directing the synthesis and secretion of HLY in S. cerevisiae, two types of expression vectors, a YCp centromere-based vector, pHK101 and a YEp 2-$\mu\textrm{m}$ circle-based vector, pHK501 were constructed. With the resulting plasmids, we have confirmed that yeast transformant harboring pHK501 has more secreted HLY than pHK101-transformant by using a lysoplate and a turbidimetric assay. In flask cultivation, pHK501-transformant produced active HLY about 8 times (55 units/$m\ell$) higher than pHK101-transformant. From batch cultivation, the HLY productivity was obtained with 1.12 units/$m\ell$/h, corresponding to a 1.8-fold increase compared with flask fermentation. These results indicate that yeast transformant with pHK501 vector overexpressed and secreted HLY than that of YCp type vector.