• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.141-156
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate current QR technology usages and merchandisers' roles and information activities in the Korean apparel industry. Data were collected by interview and questionnaire with merchandisers in apparel companies, manufacturing apparels for both men and women. Statistical analyses were t-test, ANOVA, frequency with SAS program. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The usage of QR technology was generally low. But POS, bar-coding, logistics and small lot order were highly used compared to other technologies. CAD, automated sewing operation, unit product system, logistics, and small lot order were more used in domestic national brand than in import license brand. POS applications were more used in product planning division than in others. 2. Merchandisers played important roles in making major decisions on cost price, sales price, manufacturing request, delivery data, production quantity, produce mix, budget planning, market timing and delivery channels. Products planning was conducted mostly on a monthly basis. Price was determined mainly according to cost price, while the production quantity depended on the last year's sales. Usually sales were analyzed on a daily basis. 3. Merchandisers got more information on fashion them and color trend from foreign information sources than from domestic, while more information on fabrication from domestic sources. For fashion design information they used the equal amount from domestic and foreign sources. Over all degree of utilization in each field of fashion information was fugured rather high.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.30-36
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• 2007

Recently, many performing arts facilities are under construction to accommodate people's various interest in cultural experiences. However, due to Korea's lack of know-how in such constructions and an absence of proper regulations on design planning, each designer designs and constructs the facilities differently, so several problems are occurring in the process of construction, such as high production cost for stage sets, high labor cost, low efficiency of stage work, and complicated work process. This resulted in low quality production of performance. This study is conducted to address the need for a systematic study on stage floor, and to propose an efficient way of regulating stage work in existing performing arts facilitiesand new facilities to be built. By a comparative analysis of performing arts facilities in Korea, and by analyzing stage floors of the facilities, this research suggests minimum modules as well as an appropriate unit of modules based on the minimum modules; and provides basic data on stage floors, which can be used for remodeling existing facilities orfor planning new cultural facilities. Also, this study suggests various ways of utilizing performing arts facilities in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

This paper proposes an improved methodology for estimating traffic accident cost savings in the transport appraisal. Four major problems from the existing framework are identified and their alternatives are suggested. First, casualties in the established approach are classified by just two types of 'killed' and 'injured'. This study supplies the indices of fatality further details. Namely, road victims are regrouped by 'killed', 'seriously injured', 'slightly injured', and 'accident reports'. Those of railways are similarly sorted by 'killed', 'seriously injured', and 'slightly injured'. Second, damage only accidents are not satisfactorily considered in the current arrangement. The accidents should be considered as one of the accident types and the social cost of them should also be evaluated. Third, the unit cost of accidents is given by the total value. The unit cost is consisted of several elements and each loss would be useful for a policy frame. This study breaks down the total figure into four pieces of costs, namely production loss, medical treatment, property loss, and administrative costs. Finally, there is inconsistency in the audit between roads and railways. Road accidents are analyzed by road types. On the other hand, patronage or others is the classification rule of rail accident costs. This paper suggests a way that the accident costs of two modes can be coherently estimated based on the level of services by each mode. The result of this study is expected to help frame more cautious social overhead capital investment policies.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.264-268
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• 2016

Recently, various energy efficiency optimization activities are ongoing globally by integrating conventional grids with ICT (Information and Communication Technology). In this sense, various smart grid projects, which power suppliers and consumers exchange useful informations bilaterally in real time, have been being carried out. The electric vehicle diffusion program is one of the projects and it has been spotlighted because it could resolve green gas problem, fuel economy and tightening environmental regulations. In this paper, the economics of V2G system which consists of electric vehicles and the charging infrastructure is evaluated comparing electric vehicles for V2G with common electric vehicles. Additional benefits of V2G are analyzed in the viewpoint of load leveling, frequency regulation and operation reserve. To find this benefit, electricity sales is modeled mathematically considering depth of discharge, maximum capacity reduction, etc. Benefit and cost analysis methods with the modeling are proposed to decide whether the introduction of V2G systems. Additionally, the methods will contribute to derive the future production and the unit cost of electric vehicle and battery and to get the technical and economic analysis.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-69
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• 1995

The managerial environment of hospitals in Korea characterized by low levels of medical insurance fees is worsening by increasing government regulations as to the utilization of medical services, rising costs of labor, material, and medical equipments, growing patient expectations concerning the quality of services, and escalating competitions among large hospitals in the market. Hospitals should seek for their survival strategies in this harsh environment and they should have information about costs of their products in doing so. However, it has not been available due to the complexity of the production process of hospital services. The objectives of this study were to develop a service-based cost accounting model and to apply the developed model to a study hospital to obtain cost information of hospital services. A model commonly used for the job-order product cost accounting in the manufacturing industry was modified for the use in hospitals in Korea. Actual costs, instead of standard costs, incurred to produce a unit of services during a given period of time were estimated in the model. Data required to implement the model included financial information, statistics for the allocation of supportive cost center costs to final cost centers, statistics for the allocation of final cost center costs to services, and the volume of each services charged to patients during a study period. The model was executed using data of a university teaching hospital located in Seoul for the fiscal year 1992. Data for financial information, allocation statistics fo supportive service costs, and the volume of services, most of them in electronic form, were available to the study. Data for allocation statistics of final cost center costs were collected in the study. There were 15 types of evaluation and management service, 2, 923 types of technical service, and 2, 608 types of drug and material service charged to patients in the study hospital during the fiscal year 1992. Labor costs of each of seven types of pesonnel, material costs of 611 types of drugs and materials, and depreciation costs of 212 types of medical equipments, miscellaneous costs, and indirect costs incurred in producing a unit of each services were estimated. Medical insurance fees for basic services such as evaluation and management of inpatients and outpatients, injection, and filling prescriptions, and for operating procedures were found to be set lower than costs. Infrequent services which use expensive medical equipments showed negative revenuse as well. On the other hand, fees for services not covered by the insurance such as CT, MRI and Sonogram, and for laboratory tests were higher than costs. This study has a significance in making it possible for a hospital to obtain cost information for all types of services which produced income based on all types of expenses incurred during a given period of time. This information can assist the management of a hospital in finding an effective cost reduction strategy, an efficient service-mix strategy under a given fee structure, and an optimum strategy for within-hospital resource allocations.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.3
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• pp.81-96
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• 1992

This study represents the methodology for feasibility analysis of small hydro power SHP plant. Cumulative density function of Weibull distribution and Thiessen method were adopted to decide flow duration curve at SHP candidate site. The perfomance prediction model and construction cost estimation model for tunnel-type SHP plant were developed. Eight tunnel -type SHP candidate sites existing on Han-river were selected and surveyed for actual site reconnaissance. The performance characteristics and economical feasibility for these sites were analyzed by using developed models. As a result, it was found that the optimum design flowrate with the lowest unit generation cost for tunel-type SHP candidate site were the flowrate concerming with between 20% and 30% of time ratio on the flow duration curve. Additionally, primary design specifications such as design flowrate, effective head, capacity, annual averageload factor, annual electricity production were estimated and discussed for eight surveyed SHP candidate sites.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1979

We consider the optimal ordering policy for a single-product two-stage inventory system where the main assumptions are as follows: (i) constant continuous demand only at stage 2, (ii) constant input (production) rate at stage 1, (iii) instantaneous delivery (transportation) from stage 1 to stage 2, (iv) backlogging is allowed only at stage 2, (v) an infinite planning horizon. Costs considered are ordering and linear holding costs at both stages, and linear shortage cost only at stages 2. By solving 9 different case problems, we have observed the general from of the optimal ordering policies for our model which minimizes the total cost per unit time. It is noticeable from this observation that the questionable but more often than not adopted assumption by many authors in determining the optimal potimal policy for multistage inventory systems, that the ordering (lot) sizes at each stage remain constant thruout the planning horizon, is not valid.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.871-878
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• 2000

Exergetic and thermoeconomic analysis were performed for a 500-MW combined cycle plant and a 137-MW steam power plant without decomposition of exergy stream of matter into thermal and mechanical exergies. The calculated costs of electricity are almost same within 0.5% as those obtained by the thermoeconomic method with decomposition of exergy into thermal and mechanical exergies of the combined cycle plant. However for the gas-turbine cogeneration plant having different kinds of products. the difference in the unit costs of products, obtained from the two methodologies is about 2%. Such outcome indicates that the level at which the cost balances are formulated does not affect the result of thermoeconomic analysis, that is somewhat contradictory to that concluded previously.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

Dehumidification systems have been developed for the various applications, especially for the production of dry compressed air. Compressed air producing system attach $\varepsilon$ d with dehumidification unit have advantages such as high reliability, low error ratio, comfortable working conditions, etc. Conventional dehumidification systems have several economical drawbacks like high electric cost, high cost of adsorbent and it is not environmentally friendly system because freezing agent like a Freon has been used. Membrane dryer is emerging system which have economical advantages and environmental merits.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.391-400
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• 2000

A long-term bed rest results in an inevitable foot drop. Yet preventive device such as a foot board and high-neck tennis shoes, are not widely used. This study was conducted to compare the effects of a pillow-type foot board with that of the band-type device. The band-type device of a resonable price is designed for an effective prevention of foot drop, and the convenience for it use. Among the non-equivalent control group design, foot drop preventive effects, usefulness of the device, as well as its cost effectiveness were examined. The study was carried out for four months from December 1999, and its subject had been patients and nurses of two intensive care units at K medical center in Seoul. According to the study purpose, the data collected were analyzed by $x^2-test$ and t-test. The results are as follow : 1. The ROM of ankle joint is promoted in the experimental group with a band-type device comparing the control group with a pillow type one. Dorsiflexion is particularly increased in the experimental group as compared with the control group, while planterflexion hardly shows any change. 2. The usefulness score of the experimental group nurses using the band-type device (23.97) is higher than that of the control group nurses (18.88). 3. In an aspect of the unit production cost, band-type devices are low-priced compare with pillow-type or other foot board (wooden) or high-neck tennis shoes. In summary, the newly developed band-type device is both useful and preventive for a foot drop. It is also desirable regarding to the production cost and the cost effectiveness. This fact proves that the new anti-foot drop device could be practical both for clinical care and home care. Yet the results were obtained by some subjects, it should be used after a further examination. More effective nursing intervention could be observed throughout general studies, including proper positioning and foot and ankle exercises which are the important variables of the foot drop prevention.