• 수산경영론집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.59-89
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• 1978

The analyzed results of the actual state of stow net fishery based on the cost expended are as follows. According to the calculation of interests, the total cost of this fishery comes to ￦38,010,653 and in this account, the production cost comes to ￦35,477,198(93.3%), the material cost, 14,567,239(38.3%), the labour cost, 12,740,274(33.5%), the expenses, ￦8,169,685(21.5%), the commision and administration expenses, 2,533,455(6.7%). The expenses for this fishery are paid out as production costs, and the expenses for sale and administration expenses are the lowest of them, and the 93% of expenses are paid out as production costs. The ratio of cost element to 100% is as follow. The wages, 28.4%, fuel, 15.2%, repair, 11.6%, deprecation, 9.5%, fishing gear, 8.7%, ice, 6.1%, container(box for fish), 5.2% administration expenses, 5.2%, food, 3.5%, ship grar, 3.2%, public welfare, 1.7%, commision for sale, 1.5%, insurance for crew, 0.2%, taxes, 0.2%. This fishery is managed with the larger fishing boat than it was and so, it demands better crews with higher wages. In the former fishery, the search for fishing ground is very difficult with long navigation and great fuel consumption. when the weak fishing gears are used, the expenses for their repair and for their gears are greatly paid out. The unit costs of catches to each box come to ￦2.807(￦187 each kg). As the ratio of cost of sales comes to 86.7%and the ratio of interests comes to ￦5,850,812(13.3%), and so the net profit comes to 13.3% of total profits. According to above the ratio of cost of sales is shown as a universal validity, Asthe total expenses comes to 86.7% to the money on sales in the break-even point, the break-even point comes to ￦26,209,168 Accordingly for the profit control the account of production should be raised, and by the saving method of expenditure the break-even point should be brought down for the development of total profits.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2021

Machines and facilities are physically or chemically degenerated by continuous usage. The representative type of the degeneration is the wearing of tools, which results in the process mean shift. According to the increasing wear level, non-conforming products cost and quality loss cost are increasing simultaneously. Therefore, a preventive maintenance is necessary at some point. The problem of determining the maintenance period (or wear limit) which minimizes the total cost is called the 'process mean shift problem'. The total cost includes three items: maintenance cost (or adjustment cost), non-conforming cost due to the non-conforming products, and quality loss cost due to the difference between the process target value and the product characteristic value among the conforming products. In this study, we set the production volume as a decreasing function rather than a constant. Also we treat the process variance as a function to the increasing wear rather than a constant. To the quality loss function, we adopted the Cpm+, which is the left and right asymmetric process capability index based on the process target value. These can more reflect the production site. In this study, we presented a more extensive maintenance model compared to previous studies, by integrating the items mentioned above. The objective equation of this model is the total cost per unit wear. The determining variables are the wear limit and the initial process setting position that minimize the objective equation.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

Presented in this paper is the development of an product cost estimation system at the product design stage. The efficient cost estimation function at the design stage is essential for the cost reduction activities through the entire product life cycle. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish a systematic working procedure, and to develop information system for managing a great deal of production and product-related data required for the cost estimation. The developed system has the capability of estimating a cost of assembly type products as well as unit-item type products. As proposed system is based on the variant approach, it can be used easily at an early design stage without the need for detail design information. Also, this system is integrated with legacy PDM (Product Data Management) and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system for fast. accurate and easy product cost estimation. The estimated cost includes material cost, overhead cost as well as labor cost.

• 농촌계획
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 1998

In this study, a model was developed to analyze the capacity and the total price of the agricultural products marketing between nations through the estimation of the production and consumption amount of the agricultural products in each nation and the analysis of the price and transport cost to each nation. The method which can contribute to the agricultural policy decision support was devised. The main concept of the method is to compute the potential import-export amount and total cost among the nations. In the application, wheat was selected to evaluate the model. The application results showed that the model could analyzed the unit consumption and storage amount per capital of each nation and the price and transport cost per unit weight from each export nation, provided the policy decision maker with the basic data analyzed by GIS.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2017

Agricultural water management has gained enormous attention in the developing world to alleviate poverty, reduce hunger and conserve ecosystems in small-scale production systems of resource-poor farmers. The story of food security in the $21^{st}$ century in India is likely t o be closely linked to the story of water security. Today, the water resource is under severe threat. The past experiences in India in general and in Andhra Pradesh in particular, indicated inappropriate management of irrigation has led to severe problems like excessive water depletion, reduction in water quality, water logging, salinization, marked reduction in the annual discharge of some of the rivers, lowering of ground water tables due to pumping at unsustainable rates, intrusion of salt water in some coastal areas etc. Considering the importance of irrigation water resource efficiency, Krishna Western Delta (KWD) of Andhra Pradesh was purposively selected for this in depth study, as the farming community in this area are severely affected due to severe soil salinity and water logging problems and hence, adoption of different water saving crop production technologies deserve special mention. It is quite disappointing that, canals, tube wells and filter points and other wells could not contribute much to the irrigated area in KWD. Due to less contribution from these sources, the net area irrigated also showed declining growth at a rate of -6.15 per cent. Regarding paddy production, both SRI and semi-dry cultivation technologies involves less irrigation cost (Rs. 2475.21/ha and Rs. 3248.15/ha respectively) when compared to transplanted technology (Rs. 4321.58/ha). The share of irrigation cost in Total Operational Cost (TOC) was highest for transplanted technology of paddy (11.06%) followed by semi-dry technology (10.85%) and SRI technology (6.21%). The increased yield and declined cost of cultivation of paddy in SRI and semi-dry production technologies respectively were mainly responsible for the low cost of production of paddy in SRI (Rs. 495.22/qtl) and semi-dry (Rs. 532.81/qtl) technologies over transplanted technology (Rs. 574.93/qtl). This clearly indicates that, by less water usage, paddy returns can be boosted by adopting SRI and semi-dry production technologies. Both the system-level and field-level interventions should be addressed to solve the issues/problems of water management. The enabling environment, institutional roles and functions and management instruments are posing favourable picture for executing the water management interventions in the State of Andhra Pradesh in general and in KWD in particular. This facilitates the farming community to harvest good crop per unit of water resource used in the production programme. To achieve better results, the Farmers' Organizations, Water Users Associations, Department of Irrigation etc., will have to aim at improving productivity per unit of water drop used and this must be supported through system-wide enhancement of water delivery systems and decision support tools to assist farmers in optimizing the allocation of limited water among crops, selection of crops based on farming situations, and adoption of appropriate alternative crops in drought years.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2005

This paper presents an extended EMQ model which determines an optimal production quantity for a single stage production system when defective items are stochastically produced in the production process and they are re-processed in the rework process to convert them into non-defectives. Through the mathematical modeling, an optimal solution minimizing the average cost per unit time and minimum average cost as well as some properties are derived. It can be shown that each of the existing models is a special case of the proposed model under some conditions. Numerical experiment is carried out to examine the behavior of the proposed model and support properties derived.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2018

This study aims to estimate optimal harvests, fishing efforts, and stock levels of hairtail harvested by the large pair bottom trawl, the large otter trawl, the large purse seine, the offshore long line, and the offshore angling fisheries by using the surplus production models and the current value Hamiltonian method. Processes of this study are as follows. First of all, this study estimates the standardized fishing efforts regarding the harvesting of the hairtail by the above five fishing gears based on the general linear model developed by Gavaris. Secondly, this study estimates environmental carrying capacity (k), intrinsic growth rate (r), and catchability coefficient (q) by applying the Clarke Yoshimoto Pooley (CY&P) model among various surplus production models. Thirdly, this study estimates the optimal harvests, fishing efforts, and stock levels regarding the hairtail by the current value Hamiltonian method, including the average landing price, the average unit cost, and the social discount rate. Finally, this study attempts a sensitivity analysis to figure out changes in optimal harvests, fishing efforts, and stock levels due to changes in the average landing price and the average unit cost. As results induced by the current value Hamiltonian method, the optimal harvests, fishing efforts, and stock levels regarding the hairtail caught by several fishing gears were estimated as 33,133 tons, 901,080 horse power, and 79,877 tons, respectively. In addition, from the results of the sensitivity analysis, first of all, if the average landing price of the hairtail constantly increases, the optimal harvests of it increase at a decreasing rate, and then harvests finally slightly decrease as a result of decreases in stock levels. Secondly, if the average unit cost of fishing efforts continuously increases, the optimal fishing efforts decreases, but optimal stock levels increase. Optimal harvests start climbing and then decrease continuously due to increases in the average unit cost. In summary, this study suggests that the optimal harvests (33,133 tons) were larger than actual harvests (25,133 tons), but the optimal fishing efforts (901,080 horse power) were much less than estimated standardized fishing efforts (1,277,284 horse power), corresponding to the average of the recent three years (2014-2016). This result implies that the hairtail has been inefficiently harvested and recently overfished due to excessive fishing efforts. Efficient management and conservation policies on stock levels need to be urgently implemented. Some appropriate strategies would be to include the hairtail in the Korean TAC species or to extend the closed fishing season for this species.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.611-619
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• 2017

본 연구는 대체수자원시설 - 해수담수화, 식수용저수지, 용수전용댐, 지하댐, 그리고 두 개의 간접취수 방법인 강변여과와 청정지하저수지 - 을 고려한 다양한 용수공급시스템별 음용수 단위생산단가를 산정하기 위한 종합적인 방법과 분석결과를 제시한다. 대체수자원시설 건설부터 도수관로를 거쳐 후처리시설을 통한 음용수 생산 지점까지의 모든 건설비용과 운영관리비를 반영하기 위하여 필요한 데이터를 취합하고 개별 총사업비와 운영관리비 추정모델을 개발하였다. 단위생산단가에 영향을 주는 후처리시설과 도수관리의 길이, 그리고 음용수 생산용량에 대한 민감도 분석결과 청정지하저수지가 가장 비용이 작은 대체수자원시설로 분석되었으며 개별 대체수자원시설과 다양한 용수공급시스템별 경제성 정보는 수자원시설 계획 및 예산 분배 의사결정을 지원할 것으로 예상한다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2007

우주발사체 개발사업은 기계, 제어, 전자 등 각종 분야의 기술이 종합적으로 연계되는 거대 시스템 개발 사업이다. 현재 항공우주연구원에서는 100kg급 소형위성 발사체(KSLV-I) 개발을 수행하고 있으며, 차후로 한국형 발사체 개발을 계획하고 있다. 이러한 시스템 개발 분야는 복잡해지고 거대화될수록 과학적이고 분석적인 개발비용 분석이 요구된다. 본 논문은 우주개발 중장기 기본계획에 따라 진행되었던 실용위성 발사체 개발에 대한 기획 사업의 내용을 토대로 TRANSCOST 7.1 방법을 이용하여 실용위성 발사체 개발비용을 추정 하였다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(3)
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• pp.441-446
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• 1996

A preliminary conceptual design of the DUPIC fuel fabrication plant with production capacity of 400 MTHE/yr is presented. Capital and operating costs are also included. The levelized unit fabrication cost (LUC) for a reference mode was estimated at $509/kgHE, and sensitivity of some variable parameters to this reference was analysed.