• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1136-1145
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• 2015

The diverse microbial communities that colonize distinct segments of the gastrointestinal tract are intimately related to aspects of physiology and the pathology of human health. However, most recent studies have focused on the rectal or fecal microbiota, and the microbial signature of the duodenum is poorly studied. In this study, we compared the microbiota in duodenal and rectal samples to illustrate the characteristic microbial signatures of the duodenum in healthy adults. Nine healthy volunteers donated biopsies and luminal contents from the duodenum and rectum. To determine the composition and diversity of the microbiota, 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA was performed and multiple bioinformatics analyses were applied. The α-diversity and phylogenetic diversity of the microbiota in the duodenal samples were higher than those of the rectal samples. There was higher biodiversity among the microbiota isolated from rectal biopsies than feces. Proteobacteria were more highly represented in the duodenum than in the rectum, both in the biopsies and in the luminal contents from the healthy volunteers (38.7% versus 12.5%, 33.2% versus 5.0%, respectively). Acinetobacter and Prevotella were dominant in the duodenum, whereas Bacteroides and Prevotella were dominant in the rectum. Additionally, the percentage of OTUs shared in biopsy groups was far higher than in the luminal group (43.0% versus 26.8%) and a greater number of genera was shared among the biopsies than the luminal contents. Duodenal samples demonstrated greater biological diversity and possessed a unique microbial signature compared with the rectum. The mucosa-associated microbiota was more relatively conserved than luminal samples.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.140-143
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• 2007

Fingerprint Recognition System is made up of Off-line treatment and On-line treatment; the one is registering all the information of there trieving features which are retrieved in the digitalized fingerprint getting out of the analog fingerprint through the fingerprint acquisition device and the other is the treatment making the decision whether the users are approved to be accessed to the system or not with matching them with the fingerprint features which are retrieved and database from the input fingerprint when the users are approaching the system to use. In matching between On-line and Off-line treatment, the most important thing is which features we are going to use as the standard. Therefore, we have been using "Delta" and "Core" as this standard until now, but there might have been some deficits not to exist in every person when we set them up as the standards. In order to handle the users who do not have those features, we are still using the matching method which enables us to make up of the spanning tree or the triangulation with the relations of the spanned feature. However, there are some overheads of the time on these methods and it is not sure whether they make the correct matching or not. In this paper, introduces a new data structure, called Union and Division, representing binary fingerprint image. Minutiae detecting procedure using Union and Division takes, on the average, 32% of the consuming time taken by a minutiae detecting procedure without using Union and Division.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1787-1793
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• 2008

Fingerprint Recognition System is made up of Off-line treatment and On-line treatment; the one is registering all the information of there trieving features which are retrieved in the digitalized fingerprint getting out of the analog fingerprint through the fingerprint acquisition device and the other is the treatment making the decision whether the users are approved to be accessed to the system or not with matching them with the fingerprint features which are retrieved and database from the input fingerprint when the users are approaching the system to use. In this paper, we propose a new data structure, called Union and Division, for processing binarized digital fingerprint image efficiently. We present a minutiae extraction algorithm that is using Union and Division and consists of binarization, noise removal, minutiae extraction stages.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.794-797
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 처리시간을 줄이고, 인식률을 높이기 위해서 이진화된 지문 이미지를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 자료 구조인 Union and Division을 이용한 이진화와 잡음 제거, 특이점 추출 단계로 이루어진다. Union and Division을 사용하는 경우에서는 융선을 추적 가능하다는 성질을 이용하여서 동일융선 상에 있는 두 개의 특이점을 잇는 선분을 기준점으로 하는 정합 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.11.1-11.11
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• 2020

We tried to find the optimal growth conditions of sea cucumber and to analyze the economic effectiveness of the sea cucumber seedling release project in Korea. We first examined the optimal growth conditions of sea cucumber in the relating literatures. Then, we analyzed the economic effectiveness of the sea cucumber seedling release project of the Woncheon fishing village union of Gyeongnam Province in 2016-2018 by using the cost benefit analysis method. The net income of the release project of the Woncheon fishing village union was 69,850 Korean won. The benefit to cost ratio of the sea cucumber seedling release project of the Woncheon fishing village union was estimated to be 1.7, indicating that the project was economically feasible. In order to improve the economic feasibility of the sea cucumber release project, as we see in the case of the Woncheon fishing village union, it is necessary to manage the purchase of the sea cucumber seedling, to improve the recapture rate of sea cucumber, and to manage marketing of sea cucumber.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

An effective grafting method for jujube nursery trees was developed to shorten the operation time, improve the percentage of "takes" and shoot emergence, and form the better graft union. Out of 7 grafting methods the splice, modified scion Ono graft and the bark graft showed relatively short operation time during the grafting operation comparing to the modified rootstock Ono graft or the chip budding. Among these methods, the bark graft demonstrated 100% "takes", but the modified scion Ono graft or the standard Ono graft showed 58.3% of "takes". The percentages of the vegetative shoot emergence were 100% fir the bark graft, 70% f3r the modified scion Ono graft and lower emergence percent for the rest grafting methods. The union tissue formation for the modified scion Ono graft, the bark graft, or the whip-and-tongue graft was significantly larger than the standard Ono graft or the splice graft. In a close examination of the cross sectional areas of the graft union formation through the microscope, the bark graft was superior, the standard Ono graft was inferior and rest of the grafting methods were intermediate.ing methods were intermediate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.81-85
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 기존 지문 인식 시스템에서 사용하는 특이점 추출 알고리즘과 매칭 알고리즘을 개선한 알고리즘들을 설계하고 구현함 으로서 새로운 지문 인식 시스템 개발에 목표를 두었다. 현재, 이진화된 지문 이미지를 표현하는 자료구조인 Union and Division을 고안하였고, Union and Division에 기반한 특이점 추출 알고리즘을 설계 및 구현하였다. 또한 특이점 추출에서의 과다한 추출 단계로 인하여 발생되는 문제점들을 줄이기 위하여 기존의 6 단계인 특이점 추출 과정을 개선하여 3단계로 줄이면서도 정확성을 높이는 특이점 추출 알고리즘을 적용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 이진화된 지문 이미지를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 자료 구조인 Union and Division을 이용하여 이진화와 잡음 제거, 그리고 특이점 추출 단계로 이루어진다. Union and Division을 사용하는 경우에, 융선을 추적 가능하다는 성질을 이용하여 동일 융선 상에 있는 두 개의 특이점을 잇는 선분을 기준점으로 하는 정합 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• American Studies
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.99-131
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• 2018

The United States of America is privileged in that social stratification is not directly linked to the division of powers. Nonetheless, America endured the devastating Civil War only to consolidate her national identity when a nation was not defined. In fact, state governments preexisted as a sovereign long before the federal government came into existence as a national government. As a consequence, intergovernmental relations have persistently been contested long after the Civil War ended. In contrast, the European Union was founded on the political will to establish regional integration such that her member states would never repeat the bloodshed in catastrophic wars. Since the principle of subsidiarity precipitated political endeavor in regional integration, the EU developed into a bifurcated system of transnational and international organizations. In this paper, I evaluate the US and the EU by applying the perspective of federalism in which separation and integration are perennially at tension.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective cost control model for university foodservice operations by analyzing student satisfaction, as well as foodservice income statements for operational characteristics. The specific objectives were to examine the satisfaction of students for various foodservice quality dimensions, to determine the financial activities performed in foodservice operations by operational type, to examine their income statement data, and lastly, to compare the student satisfaction for foodservice quality with the financial data of the income statements. A total of 545 students from one university answered a satisfaction survey. The one-year income statements of three union foodservices (self-operated, small-scale contracted, and large-scale contracted) at the same university were analyzed. The results showed that the self-operated union foodservice had lower student satisfaction scores and higher food and labor cost ratios. The small-scale contract management foodservice data indicated the highest student satisfaction scores and the lowest food and labor cost ratios. The large-scale contract management foodservice data showed medium scores when comparing the three union foodservice operations. Overall, by comparing the satisfaction scores and operational profits, the small-scale union foodservices showed the highest satisfaction scores and profit.