• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate school uniform image preferences and the uniform modifications of male and female high school students, and 2) to find the differences between male and female students in the uniform image preferences and uniform modifications. The subjects used for the study were 195 male and 201 female high school students. The uniform image preferences consisted of three factors: comfortable & simple, unique & individual, and intelligent & classic. The uniform modifications were measured by the modifications in jacket width, sleeve length, shoulder width, slacks(skirt) length, slacks(skirt) width, and slacks(skirt) waist length. The results showed that male and female students were different in regard to uniform image preference; male students preferred unique image than did female students in their school uniforms. In addition, male and female students differed concerning uniform modifications. Generally, female students modified uniforms more than did male students. Finally, the study compared male and female students in regard to the relationships between uniform image preferences and the uniform modifications. For male and female students, the unique image preference was significantly related to the modifications in different parts of uniform.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2005

Girls' school uniform evaluative criteria and their uniform modification were investigated. The data were collected by questionnaire from 579 middle and high school girls living in Incheon during the fall of 2003. The uniform evaluative criteria consisted of five dimensions: aesthetics, comfort, economy, management, and status concealment factor. The uniform evaluative criteria were used to cluster the students into five groups: economic, practical, aesthetic, negative, and active. The uniform modifications were investigated in regard to sleeve length, sleeve width, breast width, jacket length, skirt length, hip width, and waist width. The aesthetic and the active groups intended to modify uniforms less in sleeve length and skirt length than the other three groups. There were significant differences in the uniform modifications among demographics: school years, height, weight, spending money, satisfaction/dissatisfaction with spending money, and clothing expenditures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

The Taekwondo uniform has remained consistent since it was officially designed in a V-neck form in 1976. Taekwondo is a martial art that emphasizes social etiquette; therefore, it is necessary to dress in a uniform that reflects Korean traditions and ancient oriental philosophy. However, the current official uniform has limitations in endowing traditionality and many usability problems. Thus, recognizing the problems raised with the uniform, the Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters) developed a new style official uniform in 2011. This study is to endow traditional meaning to a new style uniform and proposes some design modifications that can convey a more traditional adequacy. The development of the new official uniform began with a specific plan for change from the existing uniform, this study as subsequent work is significant in that its endowment of symbolism and modification proposal is for the actual execution and global dissemination of traditional Taekwondo culture. The results of this study are as follows. First, we can endow Korea's traditional historicity and symbolism to the new uniform in form and colors. All contents of the design (in which the front side is open, the top is adjusted rightward, the rear length is shorter than the front length, comfort provided by side vents, dual collars for children's uniforms, and a belt) are adapted from the Korean traditional costume. Consequently, historicity can be endowed to the uniform. It is also confirmed that the traditional oriental philosophy including heaven and earth (天地), Yin-Yang (陰陽), and Five Elements (五行) can be endowed in the use of colors. Second, in order to project deeper historicity and symbolism to the form of the new uniform, this study proposes design modifications based on the selection as an item of Simui (深衣), a type of traditional clothing that contains a high symbolism similar to the Taekwondo uniform. It proposes giving shape to the practice of manners, the righteous life, and the straightforward mind by modifying the design of the uniform in the fish belly part of the sleeves, collars, back stitches, and side seams.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.623-632
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• 2007

Some tests of the goodness of fit of the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 are presented. The powers of the tests under certain alternatives are examined. As a result, the statistic based on the difference between the order statistics and the modal value of them gives good powers. We also give modifications of the statistic without using the extensive tables of the critical points.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.37-48
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was conducted to improve middle and high school students' satisfaction on their uniforms and to provide basic information for their better size systems. This study analyzed the purchasing and modification behavior, fitting evaluation, and size decision aspect of students. This study was surveyed middle and high schools students in Daegu City. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis, percentage, t-test, chisquare test. The results of this study are as follows; 61.3% of the students interviewed have experienced to modify their uniforms. Since the unfittable size and non-fashionable design caused the students to modify their uniforms, it seems necessary to set up the various uniform sizes, as well as figuring out its aesthetic characteristic. Between middle school and high school students, and students with a uniform modification and students without a uniform modification, there were partially differences in fitting evaluation, and size decision.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.479-487
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• 1987

In order to predict the effects of droplets distributions such as number density and droplets size on group combustion characteristics and flame structure for liquid fuel sprays, modifications of group combustions model were made by changing the droplets distributions from uniform to non-uniform. Various droplets distribution models were adopted in this analysis to examine the effect of number density distribution on combustion characteristics and the difference between uniform and non-uniform droplets size distributions for a spherical droplets cloud. As results of present study, hollow droplets could with outer concentrating distribution has shorter total combustion time compare with the case of solid droplets cloud with inner concentrating distribution. Uniform droplets size distribution model predicts the shorter total combustion time compare with non-uniform droplets size distribution model, and the uniform droplets size distribution model may be used to predict the total combustion time for the droplets cloud containing larger initial size of droplets.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.573-594
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• 2016

Simultaneous pressure measurements on 2D square prisms with various corner modifications were performed in uniform flow with low turbulence level, and the testing Reynolds numbers varied from $1.0{\times}10^5$ to $4.8{\times}10^5$. Experimental models were a square prism, three chamfered-corner square prisms (B/D=5%, 10%, and 15%, where B is the chamfered corner dimension and D is the cross-sectional dimension), and six rounded-corner square prisms (R/D =5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, where R is the corner radius). Experimental results of drag coefficients, wind pressure distributions, power spectra of aerodynamic force coefficients, and Strouhal numbers are presented. Ten models are divided into various categories according to the variations of mean drag coefficients with Reynolds number. The mean drag coefficients of models with $B/D{\leq}15%$ and $R/D{\leq}15%$ are unaffected by the Reynolds number. On the contrary, the mean drag coefficients of models with R/D=20%, 30%, and 40% are obviously dependent on Reynolds number. Wind pressure distributions around each model are analyzed according to the categorized results.The influence mechanisms of corner modifications on the aerodynamic characteristics of the square prism are revealed from the perspective of flow around the model, which can be obtained by analyzing the local pressures acting on the model surface.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.908-916
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• 2000

In this paper, the characteristics of moisture ventilation in the lithium ion battery manufacturing dry room are studied numerically using standard $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model. Both the steady-state and the unsteady behaviors of moisture ventilation are analyzed by considering local and uniform moisture generation. In order to evaluate the characteristics of moisture ventilation, three scales of ventilation efficiency and characteristic ventilation time are presented from the numerical results. It was shown that moisture distribution was dependent strongly on the flow field. The characteristics of moisture ventilation were improved by 20% and 40% in terms of the 1st scale of ventilation efficiency (SVE1) and the 2nd scale of ventilation efficiency (SVE2), respectively, through the modifications of design variables such as the addition of inlets, outlets and partition. A significant improvement in the characteristic ventilation time and the moisture exhaust efficiency was also made by these modifications.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.48-62
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• 2020

Originating in South Korea, Taekwondo has been globally popular among individuals who desire to improve their health in a unique fashion. The Taekwondo uniform, one of the essential factors within the sport, needs to possess both functionality and size suitability to support dynamic movements within Taekwondo. This study investigated the development of patterns in Taekwondo uniforms by suggesting patterns that reflect physical suitability derived from appearance tests and movement functionality tests of the uniforms. More specifically, we selected a sample uniform and conducted a dressing test, which considered both the aesthetics and the functionality of the garment. Then, we considered size suitability, which allowed us to design practical Taekwondo uniform patterns that encompassed more variation in body sizes of both men and women. The result of the dressing test was that women's uniforms typically required more factors compared to men's uniforms due to women's relatively smaller physiques. Based on this result, we revised the pattern to also encompass the minor differences in uniforms between men and women. In the end, the Taekwondo uniforms for women required more modifications than those for men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Oil-fired power plant usually uses several burners and combustion air is supplied to each burner through the complicated duct which is called windbox. A windbox should be designed to supply combustion air to each burner uniformly but, due to the complicated duct shape, flow distribution in the windbox is unbalanced and non-uniform supplies of combustion air are induced by these unbalanced flows in the windbox. These flow patterns tend to make flame unstable, increase the formation of pollutants and lower the overall combustion efficiency. To prevent these disadvantages, flow patterns in the windbox should be investigated for the uniform flow distribution. In this study, computational simulation method was used to investigate the flow distribution in a windbox and measured the velocities at the exit of burners in a real windbox and model tests to compare with CFD results. The results show two significant flow patterns. One is that the flow rates of each burner are different from each other and this means that all burners operate in different conditions of air to fuel ratio. The other is that the flow distribution at the exit of each burner is not axi-symmetric although the burner shape is axi-symmetric. Additionally some modifications of windbox shape and installation of baffles were proposed to make the uniform flow in the windox.