• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.773-779
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• 2015

The laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) system is currently recognized as a leading process. Due to the various materials employed such as thermoplastic, metal and ceramic composite powder, the application's use extends to machinery, automobiles, and medical devices. The PBF system's surface quality of prototypes and processing time are significantly affected by several parameters such as laser power, laser beam size, heat temperature and laminate thickness. In order to develop a more elaborate and rapid system, this study developed a new PBF system and sintering process. It contains a 3-axis dynamic focusing scanner system that maintains a uniform laser beam size throughout the system unlike the $f{\theta}$ lens. In this study, experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of various laser scanning parameters and fabricating parameters on the fusion process, in addition to fabricating various 3D objects using a PA-12 starting material.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to quantify the erosional parameters, such as the critical shear stress for erosion and the erosion rate coefficient for cohesive sediments from the Mokpo coast. Using Chonbuk annular flume, five erosion tests were conducted under the uniform bed condition but a different bed density respectively. Erosion test results for Mokpo sediments have shown increases in the range of $0.16{\sim}0.43\;N/m^2$ but decreases exponentially in the range of $272{\sim}4.64\;mg/cm^2{\cdot}hr$ for the given bed shear stress of $1.14{\sim}1.34\;g/cm^3$. The erosional parameters of Mokpo sediments are found to vary remarkably in quantity compared with those for cohesive sediments from other sites. On the whole, the value of Mokpo coast sediments appears to be similar to Kunsan sediments but smaller than Saemankeum and Okeechobee sediments. On the other hand, Mokpo sediments have been shown to be larger than Saemankeum and Okeechobee sediments but smaller than Kunsan sediments.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.959-965
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• 2024

The High Temperature Test Unit (HTTU) was an experimental set-up to conduct separate and integral effects tests of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) core. The annular core consisted of a randomly packed bed of uniform spheres. Natural convection tests using both nitrogen and helium, and forced convection tests using nitrogen, were conducted. The maximum material temperature achieved during forced convection testing was 1200 ℃. This paper presents the numerical analysis of the flow and temperature distribution for a forced convection test using 3D CFD as well as a 1D systems-CFD computer code. Several modelling approaches are possible, ranging from a fully explicit to a semi-implicit method that relies on correlations of their associated phenomena. For the comparison between codes, the analysis was performed using a porous media approach, where the conduction and radiative heat transfer were lumped together as an effective thermal conductivity and the convective heat transfer was correlated between the solid and gas phases. The results from both codes were validated against the experimental measurements. Favourable results were obtained, in particular by the systems-CFD code with minimal computational and time requirements.

• Composites Research
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2024

In order to evade the premature failure of super duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) in some harsh environments, the increase of their mechanical properties is a promising approach. In this study, based on the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique, SDSS matrix composites without post heat treatment were fabricated by using the powder mixture of SDSSs, super austenitic stainless steels (SASSs) and micron-sized TiC particles. Many in-situ TiC_xN_y nanoparticles were found to be formed by using micron-sized TiC particles in as-built composites, and both fine ferrite and austenite grains were generated. The as-built composites exhibited an excellent combination of high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (~1066 MPa) and good uniform elongation (UE) (~15.6%), showing a better mechanical property compared with other reported LPBF-fabricated SDSSs, which was mainly attributed to the fine grain, Orowan and dislocation strengthening mechanisms. In particular, the successful fabrication of SDSS matrix composites can set the stage for producing high-performance metallic parts via LPBF technique.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2005

A model was proposed for investigating the particle removal from suspension with particles of different sizes by deep-bed filtration, and the collection efficiency was predicted by computer simulation. Deposited particles on the pore surface may act as additional collector and reduce the pore size, which contribute to the improved collection efficiency with increase of deposition. Computer experiments for suspension of particles of three sizes and its equivalent size of mono particles were carried out and compared. The collection efficiency of suspension with poly-dispersed particles shows higher efficiency than that of suspension with mono-dispersed particles. Also the collection efficiency of smell particle of mixture is higher that that of same uniform size particles.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2000

A mathematical model to adequately predict complex mixing characteristics of sorptive polluants in natural streams with pools-and-riffes has been developed. In this model, sorption of pollutants onto the bed sediment as well as mass storage and exchange in the storage zones were incorporated into one-dimensional mass balance equatins. The geometric and hydraulic characteristics of the pool-riffle sequences were properly conceptualized. Simulations with parameters of pool-and-riffle streams better fit the measured data in overall shape and peak concentration than simulations with parameters for uniform channels. The analyses on the characteristics of the storage zone model parameters reveal that a linear relationship between the logrithm of the storage zone volume ratio and a function of the friction factor exists. A linear relatiohship might also be tenatively assumed between the logarithm of the dimensionless mass exchange coefficient and the logarithm of the aspect ratio of the storage zone if some of the high values of the dimensionless mass exchange coefficient collected on the successive bed forms are excluded.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.32-36
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• 1977

조생통일을 공시하여 파종후 3~4시간 태양열을 조사시켜 간역출아시키는 방법에 관한 시험 및 육묘상내의 온도를 달리하여 묘소질에 미치는 영향을 1977년 작물시험장 인공기상실 및 답작포장에서 검토한 결과 1. 간역출아방법은 간역출아기간중의 상토온도가 3$0^{\circ}C$부터 2$0^{\circ}C$까지의 범위로 유지된 창고 및 옥외 비닐+거적피복한 처리에서 출아가 균일하였다. 2. 간역출아기간중에 주간 47$^{\circ}C$, 야간 12$^{\circ}C$로 온도교차가 큰 옥외 비닐만 피복처리한 구에서는 출아상태가 불량하였다. 3. 인공기상실내에시 실시한 육묘상내온도는 육묘기에서 32$^{\circ}C$로 출아시킨후 연화기에 주간 $25^{\circ}C$, 야간 2$0^{\circ}C$, 경화기는 주간 2$0^{\circ}C$, 야간 15$^{\circ}C$ 온도처리에서 묘가 강건하였고 묘소질이 양호하였다. 4. 연화기부터 경화기까지 주간 3$0^{\circ}C$, 야간 15$^{\circ}C$의 고온처리구에서는 묘령은 현저히 증가하였으나 과번무상태가 되여 묘소질이 불량하였다. 5. 포장시험에서 실시한 육묘상보온방식에 따른 상내온도는 이중비닐턴넬시와 이중비닐턴넬후 야간거적피복처리구가 관행 비닐턴넬시에 비하여 최저온도가 3~5$^{\circ}C$높았으며 묘소질도 양호하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.1200-1209
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• 1999

무수프탈산 생산 공정의 조업 조건에서 실측한 이중 고정층 촉매 반응기의 온도분포, 수율 및 냉매의 입출구 온도에 대한 최적 적합으로부터 최적 매개변수 값을 추정함으로써 예측 모델을 구성하였다. 최대 전화율과 수율을 얻을 수 있는 고정층 촉매 반응기를 설계하기 위하여 반응기 길이 및 반경을 변화시켜 그 영향을 고찰하였다. 활성이 균일한 단일 고정층 촉매 반응기의 경우, 반응기 반경 r =0.01241 m에서 전 촉매층 길이 z =2.8 m, 그리고 이중층 반응기의 경우, 반응기 반경 r = 0.01254 m에서 전 촉매층 길이 2,80 m(상부촉매층: 1.88 m, 하부촉매층: 0.92 m)에서 우수한 성능을 보였다. 반응기 반경 변화의 경우, 반경 증가는 냉매로의 열전달 시간의 지연에 의해 열점 온도가 상승하였으며, 반경의 감소는 그 반대의 결과를 보였다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 환형수조를 이용한 침식실험을 통하여 국내 최초로 자연시료를 이용한 퇴적저면 침식특성이 정량적으로 산정되었다. 새만금 점착성 퇴적물을 이용한 실험이 수행되었으며, 퇴적저면 형성을 위한 압밀시간을 변화시켜가며 총 4회의 침식실험이 수행되었다. 침식실험 결과에 따르면, 저면전단강도 ${\tau}_s$는 압밀시간 및 저면의 깊이가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 잉여전단응력 ${\tau}_b-{\tau}_s$에 따른 침식률은 로그함수 형태로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, $0.2N/m^2$ 이하의 잉여전단응력 구간에서는 잉여전단응력이 작아질수록 침식률이 급격하게 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구결과는 타 지역의 연구결과와 비교/분석되었으며, 그 정량적 값은 지역적으로 큰 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1416-1428
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• 2021

Pebble flow characteristics can be significantly affected by the configuration of pebble bed, especially for HTGR pebble beds. How to achieve a desired uniform flow pattern without stagnation is the top priority for reactor design. Pebbles flows inside some specially designed pebble bed with arc-shaped contraction configurations at the bottom, including both concave-inward and convex-outward shapes are explored based on discrete element method. Flow characteristics including pebble retention, residence-time frequency density, flow uniformity as well as axial velocity are investigated. The results show that the traditionally designed pebble bed with cone-shape bottom is not the most preferred structure with respect to flow pattern for reactor design. By improving the contraction configuration, the flow performance can be significantly enhanced. The flow in the convex-shape configuration featured by uniformity, consistency and less stagnation, is much more desirable for pebble bed design. In contrast, when the shape is from convex-forward to concave-inward, the flow shows more nonuniformity and stagnation in the corner although the average cross-section axial velocity is the largest due to the dominant middle pebbles.