• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1896-1911
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• 1997

Effects of fiber-matrix interphases on the micro-and macro-mechanical behaviors of unidirectionally fiber-reinforced composites subjected to transverse shear loading at remote distance have been studied. The interphases between fibers and matrix have been modeled by the spring-layer which accounts for continuity of tractions, but allows radial and circumferential displacement jumps across the interphase that are linearly related to the normal and tangential tractions. Numerical calculations for basic cells of the composites have been carried out using the boundary element method. For an undamaged composite the micro-level stresses at the matrix side of the interphase and effective shear stiffness have been computed as functions of fiber volume ratio $V_f$ and interphase stiffness k. Results are presented for various interphase stiffnesses from the perfect bonding to the case of total debonding. For a square array composite the results show that for a high interphase stiffness k>10, an increase of $V_f$ increases the effective transverse shear modulus G over bar of the composite. For a relatively low interphase stiffness k<1, it is shwon that an increase of $V_f$ slightly decreases the effective transverse shear modulus. For the perfect bonding case, G over bar for a hexagonal array composite is slightly larger than that for a square array composite. Also for a damaged composite partially debonded at the interphase, local stress fields and effective shear modulus are calculated and a decrease in G over bar has been observed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.416-427
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• 1998

Unidirectional commingled-yarn-based carbon fiber(CF)/polyamide(PA) 6 composite was fabricated under molding pressures of 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0 MPa to study its flexural deformation and fracture behavior. Fiber/matrix interfacial bonding area became larger with an increase of molding pressure from 0.4 to 0.6 MPa. For molding pressures .geq. 0.6 MPa, good flexural performance of similar magnitudes was attained. For the fracture test, four kinds of notch direction were adopted : edgewise notches parallel (L) and transverse (T) to the major direction of fiber bundles, and flatwise notches parallel(ZL) and perpendicular(ZT) to this direction. Nominal bend strength for L and ZL specimens exhibited high sensitivity to notching. ZL specimens revealed the lowest values of the critical stress intensity factor $K_c$ which was slightly superior to those of unfilled PA6 matrix. Enlargement of the compression area for T specimens was analyzed by means of the rigidity reduction resulting from the fracture occurrence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.61-65
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• 2005

Existing test methods for thick-section specimens ( 4mm) have not provided precise compressive properties to date for the analysis and design of thick structure. A survey of the failure behaviour of such thick specimens revealed that the failure initiated at the top corner of the specimen and propagated down and across the width of the specimen as premature failure, not typically reported for thin compression specimens. In the current study, the premature failure was successfully avoided during compressive testing and the failure mode was quite similar regardless of increasing specimen thickness and specimen volume. Failure mode was similar regardless of increasing specimen thickness and specimen volume, i.e. brooming failure mode combined with longitudinal splitting, interlaminar cracking, fibre breakage and kinkband formation (fibre microbuckling). Nevertheless, average failure strengths of the specimens decreased with increasing specimen thicnkiness from 2mm to 8mm with the T800/924C system (36% strength reduction) and specimen volumes from scaling factor I to scaling factor 4 with the IM7/8552 system (46% strength reduction). It was revealed from the literature$^{11}$ that the thickness effect and scaling effect arc caused by manufacturing defects such as void content and fibre waviness.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.587-602
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• 2023

This article presents the numerical modelling of transient heat transfer in highly heterogeneous composite materials where the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density are assumed to be directional-dependent. This article uses a coupled finite element-finite difference scheme to perform the transient heat transfer analysis of unidirectional (1D) and multidirectional (2D/3D) functionally graded composite panels. Here, 1D/2D/3D functionally graded structures are subjected to nonuniform heat source and inhomogeneous boundary conditions. Here, the multidirectional functionally graded materials are modelled by varying material properties in individual or in-combination of spatial directions. Here, fully spatial-dependent material properties are evaluated using Voigt's micromechanics scheme via multivariable power-law functions. The weak form is obtained through the Galerkin method and solved further via the element-space and time-step discretisation through the 2D-isoparametric finite element and the implicit backward finite difference schemes, respectively. The present model is verified by comparing it with the previously reported results and the commercially available finite element tool. The numerous illustrations confirm the significance of boundary conditions and material heterogeneity on the transient temperature responses of 1D/2D/3D functionally graded panels.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.2917-2925
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• 2000

Tensile strength and failure process of composite materials depend on the variation in fiber strength, matrix properties and fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength. A Monte-Carlo simulation considering variation in these factors has been widely used to analyze such a complicated phenomenon as a strength and simulated the failure process of unidirectional composites. In this study, a Monte Carlo simulation using 2-D and 3-D(square and hexagonal array) model was performed on unidirectional graphite/epoxy and glass/polyester composites. The results simulated by using 3-D hexagonal array model have a good agreement with the experimental data which were tensile strength and failure process of unidirectional composites.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.149-154
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• 2004

For a present study, we investigated fatigue behavior of cracked aluminum repaired by unidirectional graphite/epoxy composite material. Three different specimens were used in the fatigue tests: cracked aluminum, cracked aluminum repaired by graphite/epoxy composite patch, and plasma-treated aluminum repaired by graphite/epoxy composite patch. The surface of the aluminum was treated using a DC plasma. The results showed that the fatigue crack growth behavior of cracked aluminum was significantly improved by repairing the cracked area with a composite patch. Specifically, the specimen repaired by composite patch showed about 300％ more fatigue lift than the cracked aluminum. In particular, the plasma-treated aluminum repaired by composite patch showed almost 12 ％ more fatigue life than the cracked aluminum repaired by graphite/epoxy composite patch. The increased fatigue life of plasma-treated case was attributed to the surface roughness of aluminum by plasma treatment.

• Composites Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 2000

Tribological properties of fiber composite materials were measured and wear resistant hybrid structure was proposed based upon the understanding of tribological behavior of the composite materials. Unidirectional composites with glass fibers, carbon fibers, and aramid fibers were tested for tribological properties in order to propose a wear resistant hybrid structure. Hybrid composites which contain carbon and aramid fibers were prepared, the specimens were sliced by a water-jet cutter, and friction and wear properties were measured. An experimental set-up was designed and built for the friction and wear test of the composite specimens. Unidirectional fiber composite and hybrid composite specimens were tested to evaluated the tribological behavior for biomimetic applications. It is observed that the friction and wear behavior of fiber composites depends upon fiber orientation, sliding speed, and type of reinforcing fibers.

• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.14-21
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• 2004

Failure process, mode and strength of unidirectional composite single lap bonded joints were investigated experimentally with respect to bonding methods, those are, co-curing with and without adhesive and secondary bonding. The co-cured joint specimens without adhesive had the largest failure strength. Progressive failures along the adhesive layer occurred in the secondary bonded specimens. In the co-cured specimens with adhesive film which had better material strength and adhesion performance, delamination failure occurred and the joint strengths were less than those of secondary bonded specimens. Delamination failure did not occur in the secondary bonded specimens because of earlier crack growth and progressive failure in the adhesive layer. Therefore, failure strength of composite bonded Joints were not always proportionate to material strength and adhesion performance of the adhesive due to the weakness of delamination in composite materials. The effects of surface roughness, bondline thickness and fillets were also studied on secondary bonded specimens.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.89-92
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• 2002

Traditionally unidirectional laminated composite which are characterized by high specific stiffness and strength were used for structural application. But theses composites are highly susceptible to impact damage because of lower transverse tensile strength. The main failure modes of laminated composite are fiber breakage, matrix cracking and delamination for low velocity impact. The modified failure criterions are implemented to predict these failure modes with finite element analysis. Failure behavior of the woven fabric laminated composite which is used in forehead part of subway to lighten weigh has been studied. The new failure criterions are in good agreement with experimental results and can predict the failure behavior of the woven fabric composite plate subjected to low velocity impact more accurately.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.2123-2138
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• 1994

A study on the dynamic mechanical properties of the high strength carbon fiber epoxy composite beam was carried out. The macromechanical model was used for the theoretical analysis of the symmetric laminated composite beam. The anisotropic plate theory and Bernoulli-Euler beam theory were used to predict the effective flexural elastic modulus and the specific damping capacity of laminated composite beam. The free flexural vibration and torsional vibration tests were carried out to determine the specific damping capacities of the unidirectional laminated composite beam. The vibration tests were performed in a vacuum chamber with laser vibrometer system and electromagnetic hammer to obtain accurate experimental data. From the computational and experimental results, it was found that the theoretical values with the macromechanical analysis and the experimental data of symmetric laminated composite beam were in good agreement.