• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

Carlos Jimenez's 'House and Studio' was self-designed to fully function as both a home and workplace. Since its establishment in 1983, the installation has been continuously updated for almost 30 years solely under the guidance of the owner's life occurrences and routine needs. The additions and alterations succeeding the building's erection were executed to incorporate small yet symbolic fragments of the resident's memories and life episodes. The particularity of the 'House and Studio' can be compared with other residential remodeling and expansion projects in regards to certain key aspects. These means of comparison include, but are not limited to, building strictly under the direction of a master plan of development vs. allowing natural adaptations that comply with the resident's needs, rapid development vs. gradual advancement, the ornamenting by exposing showy features vs. the enhancing by addition of modest natural components, sustainability vs. sustenance, systematic room divisions vs. ambiguous spatial organization, possession as a materialized asset vs. preservation as a recollection of memories, and finally the recognition as one example of signature architecture vs. the witnessing of a maturing animated shelter. The given propositions can be further explained with the comprehension of Erich Fromm's theory of the 'Having' mode and 'Being' mode, two mechanisms that categorize the essence of human life. The 'Having' mode is described by the human greed for wealth, power, and influence, whereas the 'Being' mode is comprised of compassion, joy, and productivity. Fromm's thesis applies to the general sense of human life, but the ideas can be narrowed to accommodate the architectural standpoint. In architecture, the 'Having' mode can be translated to be the conspicuous form-oriented and self-contained object. The 'Being' mode, on the other hand, is transposed as the more natural form, incorporating the needs of the owner before commercialization. The growth of Jimenez's 'House and Studio' can be perceived as an architectural suggestion to the overcoming of human indifference caused by fixation on the 'Having' mode.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 고정화 UK를 이용한 융합단백질의 절단방응에 대해 UK의 고정화, 고정화 UK의 특성과 절단방응, 절단반응 후의 분리정제 그리고 고정화 UK으 재생에 대해 실험하였다. 고정화 수율은 99% 이상이였고 고정화 후의 효소활성은 80%를 유지하였다. 융합단백질 전단반응에서 액상 UK와 고정화 UK를 이용한 회분식 반응 모두 약 70%의 절단반응을 얻었고, 특히 고정화 UK의 사용시 부반응이 매우 낮은 이점이 있었다. 컬럼식 절단반응에서는 기절의 주입속도에 따라 절단수율은 크게 변화하였다. 최적의 유속은 50%의 절단수율을 얻은 1 bed volume/h로 설정하였다. 고정화 효소반응의 이점인 안정성과 반복사용 측면에서는 액상 UK 대비 고정화 UK가 높은 열안정성을 보였고 낮은 pH에서는 10% 이상 높은 활성을 유지하였다. 반복사용을 위해 6M GuHCl을 사용하여 인위적으로 풀림, 재접힘을 한 경우 98%의 활성을 얻음으로 타당성이 있음을 제시하였다. 또한 목적 단백질의 분리를 위하여 산침전 후 expanded bed adsorption 크로마토그래피를 이용함으로써 연속화된 고수율의 정제공정을 가능하게 하였다. 이러한 고정화 UK를 이용한 절단방응 및 정제시스템을 구축함으로써 융합단백지의 생산공정에 매우 유용하게 사용될 것으로 생각되어진다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1981

토양수분이 인삼생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 토경Pot(1/2000cm)에 묘삼을 이식하여 토양수분함량별 지상부 및 지하부 생육장황, 근수량과 지상부 형질과의 상호관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 인삼생육에 대한 토양의 적정수분 함량은 포장용수량의 65. 5%(절대수분 22.1%였고 생육이 정지되는 토양수분 함량은 포장용수량의 31.5%(절대수분 10.7%)였다. 2. 토양수분 함중이 적은 곳에서는 출아 및 전엽율이 상당히 지연되었으며 엽면적외 감소와 지상부 결주가 많아져 근수량이 현저히 감소되였다. 3. 근수량은 엽면적(r=0.91**) 경직경(r=0.76**) 경장(r=0.71**) 지상부생중(r=0.96**)간에 각각 정의 상기관계가 있었고 지상부 결주율(r=-0.77**) 간에 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 4. 생근중과 수분함량(r=- 0.80**)간에 부의 상관관계가 있어 수분이 충분한 곳에서 자란 인삼은 조직이 치밀함을 나타내었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 1997

미니 토마토 ‘미니 캐롤’ 품종의 플러그 육묘시 주야간 온도조합 처리에 의한 유묘의 절간신장 및 정식후 화아분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 유묘의 초장신장에는 주간온도가 야간온도보다 크게 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 같은 일평균기온에서 +DIF가 -DIF보다 절간신장에 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 엽전개속도는 일평균기온이 증가할수록 빨라지는 경향이었으며, 묘의 충실도(건물중/초장) 지수는 일평균기온이 증가할수록 저하되었다. 제 1화방의 착생절위는 일평균기온이 16$^{\circ}C$에서는 정상적으로 화아분화 되었으나 일평균기온이 증가하면서 제 1화방 착생절위도 증가하여 28$^{\circ}C$에서는 16$^{\circ}C$에 비해 약 4마디가 지연되었다. 정식후 절간신장은 육묘시 절간장과는 상관없이 각 처리간 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 마디수는 정식전의 마디수의 차이 그대로 유지되었다. 육묘시 -DIF 조건에서 초장이 억제된 묘라 할지라도 정식후 정상적인 생장반응을 나타내었으며, 제 1화방의 착생절위는 일평균기온(16$^{\circ}C$)이 낮을수록 저절위(제9절)가 되는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2012

Within last 10 years, internet has become a daily activity, and humankind had to face the Data Deluge, a dramatic increase of digital data (Economist 2012). Due to exponential increase in amount of digital data, large scale data has become a big issue and hence the term 'big data' appeared. There is no official agreement in quantitative and detailed definition of the 'big data', but the meaning is expanding to its value and efficacy. Big data not only has the standardized personal information (internal) like customer information, but also has complex data of external, atypical, social, and real time data. Big data's technology has the concept that covers wide range technology, including 'data achievement, save/manage, analysis, and application'. To define the connected technology of 'big data', there are Big Table, Cassandra, Hadoop, MapReduce, Hbase, and NoSQL, and for the sub-techniques, Text Mining, Opinion Mining, Social Network Analysis, Cluster Analysis are gaining attention. The three features that 'bid data' needs to have is about creating large amounts of individual elements (high-resolution) to variety of high-frequency data. Big data has three defining features of volume, variety, and velocity, which is called the '3V'. There is increase in complexity as the 4th feature, and as all 4features are satisfied, it becomes more suitable to a 'big data'. In this study, we have looked at various reasons why companies need to impose 'big data', ways of application, and advanced cases of domestic and foreign applications. To correspond effectively to 'big data' revolution, paradigm shift in areas of data production, distribution, and consumption is needed, and insight of unfolding and preparing future business by considering the unpredictable market of technology, industry environment, and flow of social demand is desperately needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2019

Mercury-resistant ($Hg^R$) bacteria were isolated from heavy metal polluted wastewater and soil collected near to tanneries of district Kasur, Pakistan. Bacterial isolates AZ-1, AZ-2 and AZ-3 showed resistance up to $40{\mu}g/ml$ against mercuric chloride ($HgCl_2$). 16S rDNA ribotyping and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the characterization of selected isolates as Bacillus sp. AZ-1 (KT270477), Bacillus cereus AZ-2 (KT270478) and Bacillus cereus AZ-3 (KT270479). Phylogenetic relationship on the basis of merA nucleotide sequence confirmed 51-100% homology with the corresponding region of the merA gene of already reported mercury-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. The merE gene involved in the transportation of elemental mercury ($Hg^0$) via cell membrane was cloned for the first time into pHLV vector and transformed in overexpressed C43(DE3) E. coli cells. The recombinant plasmid (pHLMerE) was expressed and the native MerE protein was obtained after thrombin cleavage by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The purification of fusion/recombinant and native protein MerE by Ni-NTA column, dialysis and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC/SEC) involved unfolding/refolding techniques. A small-scale reservoir of wastewater containing $30{\mu}g/ml$ of $HgCl_2$ was designed to check the detoxification ability of selected strains. It resulted in 83% detoxification of mercury by B. cereus AZ-2 and B. cereus AZ-3, and 76% detoxification by Bacillus sp. AZ-1 respectively (p < 0.05).

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

We propose a method for evaluating sound quality quantitatively to develop high-level home appliances (HA). Generally, a refrigerator has diverse movable parts such as slider, drawer, and folding shelf. Therefore, an engineering treatment to control the noise quality is considered as one of key technologies for a higher level refrigerator. Among the movable parts, we have selected a folding shelf as an example, which is commonly setup inside of a home refrigerator for increasing space convenience, to control the noise quality. However, it is known that its noise level is very high comparing to other movable parts when folding or unfolding actions. In order to evaluate and compare the noise quality, we have tested different eighteen models, and have suggested an impact sound quality index (ISQI) based on subjective evaluation data obtained experimentally by thirty two evaluators. The ISQI was formulated using three sound quality elements (noise peak, raising time, impact duration) to determine psycho-acoustic properties. Through this work, we developed an evaluating process and ISQI that was verified the usefulness by comparing the test results of personal perceptions given by evaluators with the prediction value of ISQI. We showed a good relations between them, so we believe that the proposed method and ISQI can be utilized to control of the noise quality of HA effectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1611-1620
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• 2019

Objective: The aim was to investigate the influence of ultrasound and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) marination (UAMP) on tenderness and structure of myofibrillar proteins of beef. Methods: Five groups, the untreated meat (Control), deionized water marination (DW), ultrasound followed by DW (UDW), AMP marination (AMP), and ultrasound followed by AMP (UAMP) were studied. Myofibrillar fragmentation, cooking loss, shear force, thermograms, histological observation of meats and myofibrillar proteins properties were investigated in these different treatments. Results: The results showed that UAMP significantly increased myofibrillar fragmentation index from 152 (Control), 231 (AMP), and 307 (UDW) to 355 (p<0.05), respectively. The lowest cooking loss, shear force and peak denaturation temperature were observed in UAMP. In histological observation, UDW and UAMP had more fragmented muscular bundles than the others. Furthermore, a drastic increase in ${\alpha}$-helix and decrease in ${\beta}$-sheet of myofibrillar proteins was observed in UAMP, implying the disaggregation of protein samples. The synchronous fluorescence spectra of myofibrillar proteins in UAMP suggested the combination of ultrasound and AMP could accelerate the unfolding molecular structure and destroying hydrophobic interactions. The results of circular dichroism and synchronous fluorescence spectra for myofibrillar proteins coincided with the microstructures of beef. Conclusion: The results indicate that ultrasound combined with AMP improved meat tenderness not only by disruption in muscle integrity, increasing water retention, but also altering their spatial structure of myofibrillar proteins.

• Composites Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 전개장치용 복합재료 테이프 스프링 개발을 위해 테이프 스프링의 설계, 해석, 제작 및 기계적 특성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 다양한 복합재료 소재를 선정하고 3개의 적층 패턴에 따라 제작하여 굽힘 시 파손여부를 구조해석과 실험적으로 검토하였다. 이중 파손이 발생하지 않고 잘 굽혀지는 소재와 적층 패턴을 선정하였다. 이렇게 확보된 정보를 이용해 전개구조물용 테이프 스프링을 개발하고 4점 굽힘 시험을 통해 구조적인 특성을 검토하였다. 시험 결과로부터 굽힘과 펴짐에 따라 모멘트-회전 곡선에서 테이프 스프링 고유의 비선형 히스테리시스 현상이 적절히 구현됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 복합재료 테이프 스프링이 적절히 개발된 것을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1516-1529
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• 2023

In this paper, a motor gearbox fault-detection system based on a hierarchical flow-based model is proposed. The proposed system is used for the anomaly detection of a motion sound-based actuator module. The proposed flow-based model, which is a generative model, learns by directly modeling a data distribution function. As the objective function is the maximum likelihood value of the input data, the training is stable and simple to use for anomaly detection. The operation sound of a car's side-view mirror motor is converted into a Mel-spectrogram image, consisting of a folding signal and an unfolding signal, and used as training data in this experiment. The proposed system is composed of an encoder and a decoder. The data extracted from the layer of the pretrained feature extractor are used as the decoder input data in the encoder. This information is used in the decoder by performing an interlayer cross-scale convolution operation. The experimental results indicate that the context information of various dimensions extracted from the interlayer hierarchical data improves the defect detection accuracy. This paper is notable because it uses acoustic data and a normalizing flow model to detect outliers based on the features of experimental data.