• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2020

Early detection of gastric cancer is crucial because the survival rate can be improved through curative treatment. Although surgery and gastrectomy with lymph node dissection remain as the gold standard for curative treatment, early gastric cancer (EGC) with negligible risk of lymph node metastasis can be treated with endoscopic resection (ER), such as endoscopic submucosal dissection. Among gastric cancers, undifferentiated-type cancer is distinguished from differentiated-type cancer in various aspects in terms of clinical features and pathophysiology. The undifferentiated-type cancer is also known to be associated with an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. Therefore, the indication of ER for undifferentiated EGC is limited compared with differentiated-type. Recent studies have reported that ER for undifferentiated EGC is safe and shows favorable short- and long-term outcomes. However, it is necessary to understand the details of the research results and to selectively accept them. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the current practice guidelines and the short-term and long-term outcomes of ER for undifferentiated type EGC.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.469-472
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• 2015

Undifferentiated sarcomas are rarely identified in the intracranial region. A 23-year-old man was admitted with a chief complaint of headache. Initial magnetic resonance images showed signs of low-grade glioma in the frontal lobe. Stereotactic biopsy was performed, and a diagnosis of diffuse astrocytoma was confirmed. Three months later, the patient presented with a high-grade tumor as seen on imaging studies. He underwent total resection of the tumor and histopathological tests identified an undifferentiated sarcoma. The patient died eight months later due to massive tumor bleeding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of undifferentiated sarcoma arising from low-grade glioma without any chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between the sex role types and the interests toward contents in practical arts of elementary school students. The questionnaire was composed of questions about the types of sex role and interests toward contents in practical arts. contents in practical arts subject were hoe economics agriculture technology computer. The respondents were 123 sixth grade boys and 122 girls from elementary schools in Seoul and Taegu. 245 questionnaires were used for data analysis. Frequency. percent x(sup)2-test. average, standard deviation, F-test. and Duncan’s multiple range test were followed. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Generally speaking androgynous and undifferentiated sex role type are more frequent than masculine and feminine type in elementary school children. 2. Androgynous sex role type students were higher than undifferentiated and masculine sex role types in scores of the interest toward home economics in practical arts subject. 3. Androgynous masculine and feminine sex role type students were higher than undifferentiated sex role types in scores of the interest toward agriculture in practical arts subject. 4. Masculine sex role type students were higher than androgynous types and undifferentiated and feminine sex role types were lower than androgynous in scores of the interest toward technology in practical arts subject. 5. Androgynous and masculine sex role type students were higher than feminine and undifferentiated sex role types in scores of the interest toward computer in practical arts subject.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 1997

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma(SNUC) is a distinct, relatively rare neoplasm arising in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses composed of undifferentiated epithelial cells and clinically characterized by a fulminant course. We report a case of SNUC in a 56-year old man who have had bilateral neck masses since one month ago before coming to our hospital. The paranasal computed tomography showed soft mass density in the left maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity with bone destruction in the anterior medial and the inferior maxillary sinus wall. This mass was extruded into the left orbital wall. Biopsy of the nasal mass and fine needle aspiration(FNA) of the neck mass were done. FNA revealed medium-sized neoplastic cells forming clusters or individually dispersed. Nuclei were round to oval, slightly to moderately pleomorphic, and hyperchromatic. Chromatin was finely granular, but occasionally was coarsely granular. Nucleoli varied from large to inconspicuous and the cytoplasm was scanty.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2009

내시경 절제술은 림프절 전이의 위험도가 낮은 조기위암에 대한 근치적 국소 치료로 받아들여지고 있다. 최근 조기위암의 림프절 전이에 대한 연구결과들과 내시경 수기 및 부속기구의 발전에 기초하여 내시경 절제의 적용 범위는 확대되는 추세이다. 현재 조기위암의 내시경 절제의 확대 적응증으로는 궤양이 동반되지 않는 경우의 점막암이나, 궤양이 동반된 3 cm 이하의 점막암, 궤양이 없는 3 cm 이하의 미분화 점막암, 3 cm 이하의 궤양을 동반하지 않은 분화가 좋은 미세점막하암으로 림프혈관 침범이 없는 경우이다. 이 중 미분화암은 분화가 좋은 암과 비교하여 다른 생물학적 행태를 가진다는 관점에서 내시경 절제의 확대 적응증으로 포함하는 것에 있어 논란이 있는 상태이다. 따라서, 본 종설에서는 미분화 조기위암의 생물학적 행태와 내시경 절제술 결과에 기초하여 미분화 조기위암에서의 내시경 절제술 적용에 관하여 논해보고자 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.593-599
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• 2012

Background This study aimed to investigate the possibility of isolating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human thigh adipose tissue and the ability of human thigh adipose stem cells (HTASCs) to differentiate into hepatocytes. Methods The adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from thigh adipose tissue. Growth factors, cytokines, and hormones were added to the collagen coated dishes to induce the undifferentiated HTASCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. To confirm the experimental results, the expression of hepatocyte-specific markers on undifferentiated and differentiated HTASCs was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining. Differentiation efficiency was evaluated using functional tests such as periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining and detection of the albumin secretion level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The majority of the undifferentiated HTASCs were changed into a more polygonal shape showing tight interactions between the cells. The differentiated HTASCs up-regulated mRNA of hepatocyte markers. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that they were intensely stained with anti-albumin antibody compared with undifferentiated HTASCs. PAS staining showed that HTASCs submitted to the hepatocyte differentiation protocol were able to more specifically store glycogen than undifferentiated HTASCs, displaying a purple color in the cytoplasm of the differentiated HTASCs. ELISA analyses showed that differentiated HTASCs could secrete albumin, which is one of the hepatocyte markers. Conclusions MSCs were islolated from human thigh adipose tissue differentiate to heapatocytes. The source of ADSCs is not only abundant abdominal adipose tissue, but also thigh adipose tissue for cell therapy in liver regeneration and tissue regeneration.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제49호
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• pp.393-430
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• 2012

이 논문에서는 보웬의 가족치료 이론의 관점에서 삼대록계 국문 장편소설의 서사를 분석하였다. 보웬은 가족 내에서 문제를 일으키는 개인의 행동을 설명함에 있어 자기분화와 불안이라는 두 변인을 사용하였는데 이들 작품에서 문제나 갈등이 표출된 가정의 경우, 문제의 중심에 자아 미분화된 인물이 존재하였다. 자아가 미분화된 인물들은 적장자 위주의 가족 관계에서 소외될 때 극도로 불안감을 느꼈으며, 불안을 해소하고 가족 관계에서 자신의 입지를 확고히 하기 위해 자아 미분화된 인물들끼리 연대의식을 강하게 발휘하였다. "소현성록"과 "조씨삼대록" 연작의 가정 내 문제 발생의 구조와 양상은, '자아 미분화된 어머니와 자아 분화된 아들, 자아 분화된 어머니와 자아 미분화된 아들, 자아 미분화된 어머니와 자아 미분화된 아들'로 세분화할 수 있다. 서사 전개 방식에 있어 이들 간의 공생 관계 성립과 미성립, 치료자의 존재 양상 등이 달랐으며, 그에 따라 자결하는 아들, 처형당하는 아들, 회개를 통해 거듭나는 아들로 나뉘어졌다. 서술상의 전개나 구조는 무엇보다 치료자 존재 유무에 따라 달라졌다. 자아 미분화된 어머니와 자아 미분화된 아들의 경우, 가족 내에 치료자가 존재함으로써 가족문제는 해결되고, 문제를 일으킨 아들은 회개하여 거듭나는 아들이 된다. 그러나 자아 미분화된 어머니와 자아 분화된 아들, 자아 분화된 어머니와 자아 미분화된 아들은 가정 내 치료자 부재로 각각 아들이 자결하고 처형되는 비극이 빚어졌다. 이처럼 보웬의 가족 치료 이론을 적용하여 삼대록계 국문 장편소설을 분석했을 때 가정에서 발생한 갈등이나 문제에 대해 개인의 차원이 아니라 가족 간의 관계 차원에서 조망이 가능하였다. 즉 가정 내의 심각한 갈등과 문제는 어느 한 개인의 인성이나 욕망이 아니라 가족 제도 자체에 근본 원인이 있었다. 그리고 가족 치료자의 유무에 따라 서사의 전개 양상이 크게 달라졌는데 그의 역할에 따라 나머지 가족의 안위와 평화 여부가 결정됨으로써 삼대록계 국문 장편소설에서 남성의 수신은 중요한 서사축을 형성하고 있음도 알 수 있었다. 이처럼 삼대록계 국문 장편소설 속의 문제 상황을 한 개인의 욕망 혹은 인성에 국한하지 않고 가족 전체의 차원에서 살피고 심리학적 외재적 접근을 통하여 삼대록계 국문 장편소설의 주요 서사인 여성수난담의 배경에 대해 접근한 것에 의의를 두고자 한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2013

Objectives : This is a case report about undifferentiated somatoform disorder, Wei symptom patient Methods : The patient was treated using acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medication and Korean medical physical therapy. The recovery of this patient had measured in physical examination, gait condition test, body surface temperature, body perimeter and sensory test by dermatome. Results : Through this treatment, the patient's leg elevation angle, body surface tempreature, body perimeter was raised, Rt. lower limb numbness and gait condition had improved. Conclusions : Korean medical therapy including acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medication and Korean medical physical therapy was effective to improve undifferentiated somatoform disorder, Wei symptom patient.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.303-307
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• 2014

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma, occurs commonly in the soft tissues in adult, but is rare in the maxillofacial region. It consists of undifferentiated mesenchymal tumor cells resembling histiocytes and fibroblasts. The purpose of this article is to report a case of UPS in the mandible. A 44-year-old patient presented with a painful growing mass in the mandible of two months' duration. Computed tomography and positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed an ill-defined heterogenous, hypermetabolic mass about 4 cm in size in the left mandible invading adjacent soft tissues. A left mandiblulectomy and reconstruction with a fibular free flap were performed. Immunohistochemical study gave a diagnosis of UPS. The patient was referred for adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical removal of the tumor.

• 복식
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.55-56
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse body and cosmetic image according to women's sex role identity. The subjects of this study were 433 women over 20 years old. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. SPSS(Ver. 15.0) was used for mean, median, frequency, percentages, factor analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as followed; First, women were clustered into 4 groups according to their sex role identity. 36.5% was classified as an androgynous group, 32.4% was a undifferentiated group, 16.1% was a masculine group, and 15.0% was a feminine group. Second, factors of women's body image were interest in appearance, interest in weight, and charming of appearance. Factors of cosmetic image were natural & sociable, urban & intellect, passionate, romantic, prestige & sophisticate, fashionable & splender, active, feminine, and formal. Third, Androgynous group showed much interests in appearance and charming of appearance, but undifferentiated group had low interests. Androgynous group pursued natural & sociable, urban & intellect, passionate, romantic, prestige & sophisticate, fashionable & splendor, active, feminine, and formal images most when they applied make-ups. Masculine group pursued urban & intellect and active images much and femme group pursued natural & sociable, feminine, and formal images much. However undifferentiated group pursued all factors of cosmetic images less. Forth, androgynous group applied more kinds of cosmetics, but undifferentiated group applied less.