• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1657-1666
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• 2010

수중 센서 네트워크(UWSN: Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks)는 수중 센서 노드들의 에너지 자원의 제약이 심하고, 제한된 통신 대역폭과 다양한 전파지연 등의 환경적인 특성 때문에 효율적이고 안정적인 데이터전송 방법이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 수중 센서 네트워크의 센서 노드들이 해양 바닥에 고정된 2차원 구조(2D: two-dimensional underwater wireless sensor network model)에서 이상적인 셀 크기의 육각 모자이크 구조를 이용한 향상된 하이브리드 전송 방법을 설명하고, 또한 센서 노드를 해양 바닥의 닻에 매달아 움직임이 가능한 3차원 구조(3D: three-dimensional underwater wireless sensor network model)에서 효과적인 데이터전송을 위한 에너지 효율적인 인식 및 통신범위를 확장하는 방법을 제안한다. 2D 및 3D 구조에서 제안된 방법들은 시뮬레이션 결과에 의해 기존의 전송 방법보다 높은 에너지 효율성을 가지는 것이 확인되었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2009

Currently several kinds of sensor localization methods have been developed for terrestrial wireless sensor networks. This study, in order to extend the field to underwater environments, a localization technique is studied for UWSNs (Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks). In underwater environments, RF (Radio Frequency) signal is not suitable for underwater usage because of extremely limited propagation. Because of that reason UWSNs should be constituted with acoustic modems. But, to realize underwater application, we can borrow many design principles from ongoing research for terrestrial environments. So, in this paper we introduce the modified localization algorithm using ToA method which is based on the terrestrial research. First of all, we study the localization techniques for terrestrial environments where we investigate possible methods to underwater environment. And then the appropriate algorithm is presented in the underwater usage. Finally the proposed underwater based localization algorithm is evaluated by using computer.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.694-701
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• 2013

This paper deals with the problem of accurately tracking a single target moving through UWSNs (Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks) by employing underwater acoustic sensors. This paper addresses the issues of estimating the states of the target, and improving energy efficiency by applying a Kalman filter in a distributed architecture. Each underwater wireless sensor nodes composing the UWSNs is battery-powered, so the energy conservation problem is a critical issue. This paper provides an algorithm which increases the energy efficiency of each sensor node through WuS (Waked-up/Sleeping) and VM (Valid Measurement) selecting schemes. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the distributed tracking filter.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2020

Research on underwater sensor networks is increasing due to such reasons as marine resource management, maritime disaster prediction and military protection. Many underwater sensor networks performs wireless communication using an acoustic sound wave band signal having a relatively low frequency. So the digital part of their modem can take charge of carrier band signal processing. To enable this, the sampling rate of the baseband band signal should be increased to a sampling rate at which carrier band signal processing is possible. In this paper, we designed a sampling rate increasing circuit based on a CIC interpolator for underwater sensor nodes. The CIC interpolator has a simple circuit structure. However, since the CIC interpolator has a large attenuation of the pass band and a wide transition band, an inverse sinc LPF is added to compensate for frequency response of the CIC interpolator. The proposed interpolator was verified in time domain and frequency domain using ModelSim and Matlab.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4971-4987
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• 2019

Node localization is the basic task of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Most of the existing underwater localization methods rely on ranging accuracy. Due to the special environment conditions in the ocean, beacon nodes are difficult to deploy accurately. The narrow bandwidth and high delay of the underwater acoustic communication channel lead to large errors. In order to reduce the ranging error and improve the positioning accuracy, we propose a localization algorithm based on ranging correction and inertial coordination. The algorithm can be divided into two parts, Range Correction based Localization algorithm (RCL) and Inertial Coordination based Localization algorithm (ICL). RCL uses the geometric relationship between the node positions to correct the ranging error and obtain the exact node position. However, when the unknown node deviates from the deployment area with the movement of the water flow, it cannot communicate with enough beacon nodes in a certain period of time. In this case, the node uses ICL algorithm to combine position data with motion information of neighbor nodes to update its position. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the positioning accuracy of unknown nodes compared with the existing localization methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.504-527
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• 2015

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are similar to the terrestrial sensor networks. Nevertheless, there are different characteristics among them such as low battery power, limited bandwidth and high variable propagation delay. One of the common major problems in UWSNs is determining an efficient and reliable routing between the source node and the destination node. Therefore, researchers tend to design efficient protocols with consideration of the different characteristics of underwater communication. Furthermore, many routing protocols have been proposed and these protocols may be classified as location-based and location-free routing protocols. Pressure-based routing protocols are a subcategory of the location-free routing protocols. This paper focuses on reviewing the pressure-based routing protocols that may further be classified into non-void avoidance protocols and void avoidance protocols. Moreover, non-void avoidance protocols have been classified into single factor based and multi factor based routing protocols. Finally, this paper provides a comparison between these protocols based on their features, performance and simulation parameters and the paper concludes with some future works on which further study can be conducted.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2013

수중 무선 센서 네트워크에서 센싱 데이터는 수온과 염도 등 평균 계산 등을 사용하여 병합이 가능한 경우가 많다. 데이터 병합은 수중 무선 센서 네트워크에서 패킷의 수를 줄이고 에너지를 절약하는 데 큰 도움이 된다. 하지만 데이터 병합으로 인해 지연이 발생할 수 있고, 불필요하게 긴 경로나 싱크 방향이 아닌 경로를 통해 패킷이 전달되는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이런 문제를 완화할 수 있는 데이터 병합 기반의 새로운 경로 결정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 논문은 간섭 없이 지연을 줄이고 싱크 방향이 아닌 경로를 제거하여 에너지 효율성을 최대화 한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안 알고리즘이 에너지 효율과 패킷 지연 면에 있어 우수함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2008

음파를 이용한 수중 센서 네트워크는 지상에서의 무선 네트워크 환경과 다르게 긴 전파 지연과 낮은 전송 속도를 가진다. 따라서 기존의 선 네트워크에서 사용되는 프로토콜을 수중 센서 네트워크에 적용될 경우 매우 제한적이며 비효율적으로 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 수중 센서 네트워크에서 에너지 효율과 처리율 향상을 위한 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 프로토콜은 슬롯 기반의 경쟁 기법을 사용하며 데이타 패킷을 전송하기 위해 사전에 슬롯을 예약하게 된다. 제안된 프로토콜에서는 경쟁방식에 의하여 노드간의 충돌이 발생할 수 있으나 예약방식에 의하여 인접 노드의 채널을 미리 인지함으로써 충돌을 최소화하고 노드의 불필요한 에너지 소모를 줄임과 동시에 처리율 향상을 가져온다. 제안된 프로토콜에 대한 성능을 평가하기 위해 시뮬레이션을 수행하며 소모된 에너지, 충돌횟수, 채널효율, 처리율과 전송지연시간에 대하여 평가한다. 또한 기존의 MAC 프로토콜과 비교함으로써 제안된 프로토콜이 기존의 프로토콜에 비해 성능이 우수함을 보인다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.3064-3094
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• 2018

Currently, the Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is mainly an interesting area due to its ability to provide a technology to gather many valuable data from underwater environment such as tsunami monitoring sensor, military tactical application, environmental monitoring and many more. However, UWSNs is suffering from limited energy, high packet loss and the use of acoustic communication. In UWSNs most of the energy consumption is used during the forwarding of packet data from the source to the destination. Therefore, many researchers are eager to design energy efficient routing protocol to minimize energy consumption in UWSNs. As the opportunistic routing (OR) is the most promising method to be used in UWSNs, this paper focuses on the existing proposed energy efficient OR protocol in UWSNs. This paper reviews the existing proposed energy efficient OR protocol, classifying them into 3 categories namely sender-side-based, receiver-side-based and hybrid. Furthermore each of the protocols is reviewed in detail, and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, we discuss potential future work research directions in UWSNs, especially for energy efficient OR protocol design.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2007년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.63-64
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• 2007

The Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) consists of sensor nodes equipped with limited sensing coverages, energy resources and communication capacity. Hence, the deployment and movement algorithm is a key issue that needs to be organized in order to improve the sensing efficiency of the networks. In this paper, we use a Queen problem and Knapsack problem to prevent the reiteration phenomenon of sensors, to guarantee improvement sensing coverage and efficiency in the 3D UWSN.