• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2019

Underwater architecture in providing a comfortable living space underwater is mandated to survive prevailing environmental loads, especially hydrostatic ambient water pressure exerted on the structure of individual habitat hulls at depth and hydrodynamic fluctuation of external forces that perturb the postural equilibrium and mooring stability of the underwater housing system, for which the design including the hull shape and mooring system constraint the responses. In this study, the postural stability of a proposed underwater floating housing system with three vertically connected ellipsoidal-shape habitat hulls of different sizes are theorized and calculated for hydrostatic stability, using MATLAB in the volumetric integration of a hull and the weight of operational loads under assumed scenarios. The assumptions made in the numerical method to estimate the stability of the habitat system include the fixed weight of the hulls, and their adjustable loads within operational limits for the set meteorological oceanic conditions. The purpose of this study was to numerically manipulate a) The buoyancy and b) The adjusted center of mass of the system within the range of designed external and internal load changes, by which the effective mooring system capability and postural equilibrium requirements were argued with the quantitative analysis.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.312-321
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• 2021

Underwater archaeology relies heavily on photography and video image recording during surveillances and excavations like ordinary archaeological studies on land. All underwater images suffer poor image quality and distortions due to poor visibility, low contrast and blur, caused by differences in refractive indices of water and air, properties of selected lenses and shapes of viewports. In the Yellow Sea (between mainland China and the Korean peninsula), the visibility underwater is far less than 1 m, typically in the range of 30 cm to 50 cm, on even a clear day, due to very high turbidity. For photographing 1 m x 1 m grids underwater, a very wide view angle (180°) fisheye lens with an 8 mm focal length is intentionally used despite unwanted severe barrel-shaped image distortion, even with a dome port camera housing. It is very difficult to map wide underwater archaeological excavation sites by combining severely distorted images. Development of practical compensation methods for distorted underwater images acquired through the fisheye lens is strongly desired. In this study, the source of image distortion in underwater photography is investigated. We have identified the source of image distortion as the mismatching, in optical axis and focal points, between dome port housing and fisheye lens. A practical image distortion compensation method, using customized image processing software, was explored and verified using archived underwater excavation images for effectiveness in underwater archaeological applications. To minimize unusable area due to severe distortion after distortion compensation, practical underwater photography guidelines are suggested.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.130-133
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• 2019

수중(submerged)에 부유(floating)식으로 계류되는 거주목적의 구조체 설계(design basis) 관련 연구로서 계류안정성 모델(수중가옥)을 만들고 거동을 정수압적 유체역학적으로 수치분석한다. 임의 가정한 수중가옥의 1)배수량 규모 2) 함체형상에 따른 환경압 하에서의 계류안정성을 a)부력중심, b)무게중심과 가변하중의 변위에 따른 c)함체 기울기를 MATLAB프로그램을 이용하여 산정한다. 나아가 수중가옥의 동적(hydrodynamic) 계류안정성을 임의 시공 장소인 독도의 기상청 울릉도-독도 부이 최근 관측치를 근거로 OrcaFlex프로그램을 이용하여 분석하므로써 수중가옥의 수중건축 시공간상 계류안정성 설계요건(design basis)을 구체화 한다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2006

This paper presents analytical results of a rotary vane compressor performance when the compressor is used for air supply from underwater. Compression characteristics such as pressure and temperature in a compression chamber are analyzed. Volumetric and adiabatic efficiencies are calculated. Vane dynamics are also performed to give reaction forces on the vane from the cylinder inner surface and from vane slots. Compressor efficiency is about 34.9%, and about 55% of the compressor loss is produced by the friction between the vane nose and the cylinder wall. Volumetric efficiency is about 79.5%, and indicated efficiency is about 77.1%, which are comparable to other displacement type compressors. When roller was introduced between housing inner wall and vane tips, mechanical efficiency could be improved by as much as 24.9%, depending on the roller friction.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.549-555
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• 2007

제강슬래그는 제강 공정에서 발생되는 부산물로서, 제강슬래그 내에 포함된 free-CaO와 물과의 반응으로 체적 팽창을 일으킬 위험성이 있어 콘크리트용 골재로 사용되지 못하고 에이징 한 후 도로용 노반재 등으로 주로 사용되고 있다. 한편, 수중 콘크리트 구조물의 보수에는 주로 에폭시 모르타르가 이용되는데, 이때 사용하는 에폭시 모르타르는 에폭시, 분체계 및 충전재로 나누어지고, 충전재는 규사 1호사를 사용하고 있다. 이러한 규사 1호사는 고품질의 천연골재로 고가이며, 수급이 점점 어려워지고 있어 에폭시 모르타르의 원가 상승의 원인이 되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방법으로 free-CaO의 함유량이 적은 급냉 제강슬래그를 수중 콘크리트 구조물의 보수용에 이용되는 수중 경화형 에폭시 모르타르에 적용하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 급냉 제강슬래그를 기존에 사용되던 규사에 대하여 중량비로 25, 50, 75, 100% 대체한 결과 급냉 제강슬래그를 사용량의 증가에 따라 플로우치의 약간의 증진, O-lot 시험에 의한 노즐 통과 시간의 대폭적인 개선, 상대점도의 증가, 압축강도 및 휨강도의 증진 등의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

A low frequency, high power hydroacoustic transducer with 7 tonpilz piston elements assembled in a circular array suitable for marine application, such as the transmission of underwater information and the development of new fisheries resources in the deep sea zone was designed. A modified Mason's model was applied to monitor and to simulate the transducer behavior at each step during the fabrication. The in air, and in water constructed tonpilz transducer was tested experimentally and numerically by changing the size and the type of the material for head, tail and acoustic window. Also, the developed transducer was excited by pulse signals and the received waveform was analyzed. The resonance peaks in the transmitting voltage response(TVR) of a single tonpilz element without housing were observed at 11.33kHz in air and 10.93kHz in air and 10.93 kHz in water, respectively, with the overall electrical-acoustic efficiency of 43.7%. The value of TVR of single tonpilz element with aluminum housing in water was 129.87dB re 1 $\mu$Pa/V at 12.25 kHz with the frequency bandwith of 2.15 kHz and half beam angle of 30.2$^{\circ}$at -3dB.The resonance peaks in the transmitting voltage response of the 7 element circular transducer were observed at 11.50 kHz in air and 11.45 kHz in water, respectively. The value of TVR in water 144.84 dB re 1$\mu$Pa/V at 11.5kHz with the frequency bandwith of 4.25 kHz and the half beam angle of $22.3^{\circ} $ at -3dB.Reasonable agreement between the experimental measurements and the theoretical predictions for the directivity patterns, TVRs and the impedance characteristics of the designed transducer was achieved.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.997-1002
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• 2008

This paper is mainly concerned with the development of a remotely operated vehicle for investigation of the coastal sea. For this, we have designed and constructed a vehicle entitled KMU-ROV(Korea Maritime University Remotely Operated Vehicle), for purpose of investigation mission under 50(m) of the sea surface. We have designed six independent waterproof actuators and the housing of the controller for underwater operation. For six degree-of-freedom motion, we have analyzed the dynamics of the KMU-ROV and have designed a new composition of six actuators including the driving system. For motion control, we have composed a concurrent velocity control algorithm for controlling the speed of all the actuating motors. The control system for the KMU-ROV is composed of a master DSP controller, DSP controller for the motor control and various sensors. We composed the PID control algorithm and a network system for controlling motors using the CAN communication. The performance of the KMU-ROV was presented by testing the developed control algorithm and control system under the water.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2021

골재는 주택 및 도로·항만 등과 같은 SOC건설에 사용되는 주요한 천연자원이며 국가건설의 기본이 되는 기초자재이다. 골재가 공사원가에서 차지하는 비중은 약 4%에 불과하나, 골재는 건설공사 용적의 약 80%를 점유함으로서 건설공사의 양과 질을 좌우하는 필수요소이다. 하천, 수중, 하상, 바다, 육상 골재는 생산시 환경 문제와 제한된 부존량으로 인해 골재수급에 어려움이 발생할 경우 골재의 생산량을 급격하게 증가시키기 어려운 반면에 산림골재는 증산이 비교적 용이하다. 산림골재는 부존량이 풍부해 향후 다른 골재 감축시 대체 골재자원으로 유망하게 평가받고 있으며, 잘 짜여진 계획과 정책에 따라 골재수요에 유연하게 대응할 수 있는 효과적인 골재재원이다. 본 연구에서는 산림골재 개발에 큰 영향을 미치는 운반거리를 중심으로, 운반거리가 긴 경우와 짧은 경우에 대해서 산림골재 활성화 방안과 더불어 현재 산림골재 개발의 난제에 대한 대책을 제시하였다.