• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2007

The link between upper airway disease (allergic rhinitis and sinusitis) and lower airway disease (asthma) has long been of interest to physicians. Many epidemiological and pharmacological studies have provided a better understanding of pathophysiologic interrelationship between allergic rhinitis and asthma. The vast majority of patients with asthma have allergic rhinitis, and rhinitis is a major independent risk factor for asthma in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The association between sinusitis and asthma has long been appreciated. Through the recent evidences, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and asthma may not be considered as different diseases but rather as the expression in different parts of the respiratory tract of same pathological process in nature. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the relationship between asthma and upper airway diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely discovered. The implications for the one-airway hypothesis are important not only academically but also clinically for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2011

The fungal genus Cercospora is one of the most ubiquitous groups of plant pathogenic fungi, and gray leaf spot caused by C. zeae-maydis is one of the most widespread and damaging foliar diseases of maize in the world. While light has been implicated as a critical environmental regulator of pathogenesis in C. zeae-maydis, the relationship between light and the development of disease is not fully understood. Recent discoveries have provided new insights into how light influences pathogenesis and morphogenesis in C. zeae-maydis, particularly at the molecular level. This review is focused on integrating old and new information to provide an updated perspective of how light influences pathogenesis, and provides a working model to explain some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Ultimately, a thorough molecular-level understanding of how light regulates pathogenesis will augment efforts to manage gray leaf spot by improving host resistance and disease management strategies.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2008

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common clinical entities encountered in a dizzness clinic. Retrosepective review was performed for the patient's diagnosed as BPPV at Sunchon "S" hospital dizzness center. Variables for statistical analysis included age, sex, involved canal presence of recent head tramua, presence of chronic otitis media, history of middle ear surgery, underlying disease such as hypertension or diabetics, headache, central lesion. From July 2004 to May 2005, we sampled the 600 dizzness patient's who visited the dizzness center. Dizzness could be classified into BPPV, vestibulopathy. Among these patients, 256 patients had BPPV, 222 patients had vesibulopathy and 97 patients had Normal. Among these BPPV patients, 80 patients had lateral canalolithiasis BPPV (31.3%), 28 patients had lateral cupulolithiasis BPPV (10.9%), 90 patients had posterior canalolithiasis BPPV (35.2%), 7 patients had multicanalolithiasis BPPV (2.3%), 52 patients simultaneously had BPPV, other vestibular disease, and central lesion (20.3%).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.775-780
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• 1993

Pulmonary aspergilloma resulting from colonization of Aspergillus fumigatus is potentially life-threatening disease due to massive hemoptysis. Between August 1990 and November 1993, twelve patients were operated for the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. The mean age was 38.8 years. All patients had underlying cavitary lung disease, and the tuberculosis is the most common cause. Ten patients have experienced hemoptysis, but the clinical presentation of hemoptysis at the time of operation was mostly intermittent and scanty. Operative procedures were segmentectomy in 1 patient, lobectomy in 8, pneumonectomy in 2, and pleuropneumonectomy in 1. There were three complications, bronchopleural fistula in one patient and prolonged air leak in 2. There was no postoperative death. Conclusively, our results suggest that established aspergilloma associated with tuberculosis or other cavitary lesions should undergo early elective pulmonary resection, even though it has only minimal hemoptysis.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2018

Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological disease frequently affecting women of reproductive age. It has a negative impact on the quality of life, causing bleeding disorders, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in adenomyosis development remain unclear. This paper summarizes the reports found in the MEDLINE database on the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of uterine adenomyosis. The literature search included the following terms: "adenomyosis," "adenomyoma," "pathogenesis," "molecular mechanisms," and "gynecological disorders." Only peer-reviewed, English-language journal articles were included. This review focuses on the molecular genetics, epigenetic modifications, and pivotal signaling pathways associated with adenomyosis development and progression, which will provide insights into and a better understanding of its underlying pathophysiology.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2020

Aging is often viewed as a progressive decline in fitness due to cumulative deleterious alterations of biological functions in the living system. Recently, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying aging biology has significantly advanced. Interestingly, many of the pivotal molecular features of aging biology are also found to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lung disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, for which advanced age is the most crucial risk factor. Thus, an enhanced understanding of how molecular features of aging biology are intertwined with the pathobiology of these aging-related lung disorders has paramount significance and may provide an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics for these major unmet medical needs. To serve the purpose of integrating molecular understanding of aging biology with pulmonary medicine, in this review, recent findings obtained from the studies of aging-associated lung disorders are summarized and interpreted through the perspective of molecular biology of aging.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2008

Cytologic examination of the body cavity fluid is very important because the specimens represent a significant percentage of nongynecologic samples and this cytologic examination may be the first, best or only chance for making the diagnosis of an underlying malignancy. The purposes of body cavity fluid examination are to correctly identify cancer cells and if possible, to identify the tumor types and primary sites when presented with unknown primary tumor sites. The most important basic differential diagnosis is that of benign and reactive disease vs malignant disease. Reactive mesothelial cells are a consistent population in body cavity fluid, and these are the most versatile cells in the body. Due to the specific environment of the body cavity, the exfoliated reactive mesothelial cells may show significant morphologic overlap with the morphology of cancer cells. With a focus on the differential points between reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic adenocarcinoma cells, the practical diagnostic approaches, the diagnostic clues and the pitfalls to achieve a correct diagnosis are presented in this review.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2012

It is well known that inflammation is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer' disease, Parkinson's disease and ischemia. Nitric oxide (NO), a pro-inflammatory mediator, is produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in microglia as well as macrophages and appears to account for neurodegeneration. In this study, we aimed to isolate NO inhibitors from Pyrus pyrifolia by activity guided purification. As a result, we identified daucosterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol, which have not been isolated from this plant before. This article also describes NO inhibitory activities of the methanol extract of Pyrus pyrifolia fruit and the isolated compounds from this, which are lupeol, betulin, betulinic acid, ${\beta}$-sitosterol and daucosterol, in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 and BV2 cell lines. Western blot analysis was performed to clarify the underlying mechanism of NO inhibition in the two cell lines.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.82-85
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• 2018

Leukemia is a hematological malignant disease with various clinical symptoms. Due to the fatal nature of the disease, early detection is important. Oral manifestations include ulcers and gingival enlargement with bleeding. Moreover, myeloid sarcoma or opportunistic infections may also occur. This report introduces a 31-year-old male presenting with generalized gingival enlargement with bleeding and another 81-year-old female with neoplasm on the left retromolar area. Both were diagnosed as acute monocytic leukemia. These cases implicate that gingival enlargement or mucosal lesion in the oral cavity may represent underlying systemic diseases. Related to this, it has to be reminded that making timely diagnosis and referral according to the clinical findings is crucial.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.371-379
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• 2021

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and prognosis of many common disorders, including neurodegeneration, stroke, myocardial infarction, tumor, and metabolic diseases. Ginsenosides, the major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), have been reported to play beneficial roles in the molecular pathophysiology of these diseases by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we first introduce the types of ginsenosides and basic mitochondrial functions. Then, recent findings are summarized on different ginsenosides targeting mitochondria and their key signaling pathways for the treatment of multiple diseases, including neurological disorders, cancer, heart disease, hyperglycemia, and inflammation are summarized. This review may explain the common targets of ginsenosides against multiple diseases and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms, facilitating research on the clinical application of P. ginseng.