• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1990

Recently, the expansion of underground shopping street has a tendency to make a large maze in urban underground space. As the passers -by in underground streets have little information about these spaces, there can be a great danger at fire. From this point of view, this study aims at offering the basic data which needs to make a reasonable planning of escape facilities of underground shopping street. Therefore, safe performance evaluation program is developed for evaluating inhabitants' safety at each model. This program is composed of systematic equations which generalize each phenomenon at fire.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

This design proposal was accepted to a design competition for the improvement of Indi Youth Street, Mapo-Gu, which was held by the Seoul Metropolitan Government in June, 2000. The \`Hong-ik University District\` projected area consists of several streets, where the independent and youth culture unique to this area is blossoming-Indi music, underground arts, and historic meaning of the area as an estuary of Mapo. The site is also expected to attract many citizens and fereigners because of convenient accessibility of the new subway station to the Inchon International Airport and because of many attractions on the street- foods, music, art and people. Accordingly, the proposal set the main design concept of this project as \`the Street of Youth Culture\` considering its special and social status as well as the physical improvement of the street environment. With this concept in mind, the proposal designed the improvement of the physical conditions based on the motive of \`the Street of Youth Culture\`, having Indi/under art, Indi/ under music, Indi/under drama and Indi/multimedia animation. This design proposal of the Street of Youth Culture consist of three segments, which symbolize the millenium Youth Plaza, MultiMedia Animation Pocket and Arts Exhibition Pocket based on unity and balance. This plan has the ultimate aim of making the district one of the people\`s favorite streets in Seoul, which people love to visit again and find the vivacity of the new millennium youth culture.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2019

Excavation of underground cavern and shaft was proposed for the construction of a ventilation facility in an urban area. A shaft connects the street-level air plenum to an underground cavern, which extends down approximately 46 m below the street surface. At the project site, the rock mass was relatively strong and well-defined joint sets were present. A kinematic block stability analysis was first performed to estimate the required reinforcement system. Then a 3-D discontinuum numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the capacity of the initial support and the overall stability of the required excavation, followed by a 3-D continuum numerical analysis to complement the calculated result. This paper illustrates the application of detailed numerical analyses to the design of the required initial support system for the stability of underground hard rock mining at a relatively shallow depth.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.323-325
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• 2002

Because of the progress of civilization, outdoor electricity facilities as a street light, signal light and standing signboard etc. have being increased rapidly. Therefore the application of underground distributing wires is largely expended. In this paper, capacitance for the kinds of 600V CV cable is measured and leakage current for underground cable is calculated. The measurement of capacitance is done which there are defects of cable sheath or not Calculated leakage current is applied to choose the circuit breaker and the like.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.2072-2073
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• 2007

This paper describes the analysis of potential distribution and leakage current magnitude around the electrical fittings submerged in an underground shopping street. In the experiment, a couple of electrical utilities(outlet, fluorescent lamp) were submerged in a concrete water bath. The experimental results are expected to be utilized for the risk assessment and the safety countermeasure against the electric shock.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2004년도 동계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.33-33
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• 2004

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.87-104
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to understand the distributions of fashion market and it's characteristics by investigating the attributes and changes of three representative fashion markets i. e. Chungjang Street Market, Underground Shopping arcades, Department Stores in Kwangju Metropolitan city. This study might contribute to the construction of more attractive fashion markets and also to consumer convenience by providing information about fashion. The method of investigation is by direct market visiting and interview from 2000. 7. 11 until 7. 30. The result is as follows; 1. Chungjang Street: This is the most famous and fashionable area, situated mainly on Chungjang street and Hwangkum-dong. The various kind of designer's boutiques, national brands, wedding shops, multi-shops etc. take place. Teenagers and people in their early twenties are the main customers. This point should be born in mind in a strategy of marketing. 2. Underground Shopping arcades: This market is open to customers of all ages and to the passengers crossing the streets and the purposeful visitors, even in rainy or snow days. However it is hard for novices to find it. 3. Department Stores: There are three department stores which are very competitive with each other by granting not only spacious and comfortable shopping areas but also places for children and cultural activities. The strategy of exhibiting unique items unparalleled in it's quality, might be needed with providing a comfortable parking lot, high quality commodes, appropriate sales program and more effective sales managements.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.362-365
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• 2007

In this paper we present development process and results of some cases for underground pad transformer and switchgear. Some characteristic factors was considered and tested to improve the functions of the case, such as natural convection of cooling air between the internal and external cases, properties of material that used as external panel etc. Proposed designs and functional characteristics will be adapted to making the cases of underground facilities after the elaborated tests. The results obtained from this study will improve the scenery of a street.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2014

건설 기술의 발달과 도시지역의 인구증가로 인하여 생활공간은 지상과 지하로 확대되었고 도시 교통난이 증가함에 따라 대중교통수단으로서 지하철건설이 확대 되었다. 이로 인하여 지하상가가 발달하였고 지하도시공간은 생활공간과 문화공간의 중심이 되었다. 그러나 지하도시공간은 지상공간과는 달리 화재가 발생 했을 때 조도가 낮아 연기로 인한 시야확보의 어려움, 순간적인 판단오류로 인한 방위감 상실, 열기의 급격한 확산과 외기 획득 제한성으로 인한 산소 결핍 등으로 막대한 인명피해와 재산손실을 초래한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 지하상가의 주소체계에 대하여 분석하고 도로명주소와 연계하여 직선의 지하상가와 원형의 지하상가에 대한 주소체계를 제시하고자 한다. 또한 지하상가 주소체계표준화를 통하여 화재 발생 시 지하상가 내부에 있는 시민들이 주소만으로 자신의 위치를 알고 대피할 수 있으며, 소방서에서는 정확한 위치 파악이 가능할 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.493-504
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• 2022

This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the fashion styles of underground rappers in China and South Korea. Due to rappers' fashion influence on modern fashion trends, research on rapper fashion has been conducted steadily in the field of apparel. Qualitative research methodologies including literature research and in-depth interviews were the primary techniques used to solve the research questions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Chinese underground rappers and 10 Korean underground rappers to reveal and explore their fashion style and view of fashion. As a result, the participants' fashion styles were categorized into four styles: authentic hip-hop fashion style, popularized hip-hop fashion style, easy sports casual style, and trendy street style. Rappers from both countries consider that their identity as rappers can be demonstrated through their hip-hop fashion style. The influence of hip-hop culture and the popularity of rap music differs between China and Korea. It affects not only the rapper's musical characteristics, but also their fashion style. While Korean underground rappers' fashions style is trendier, Chinese underground rappers' fashions style displays stronger characteristics of hip-hop fashion. Due to the public's negative view of rappers, some Korean underground rappers intentionally try to hide their identity by wearing a fashion style that differs from the authentic rapper image. Understanding the fashion styles of underground rappers in Korea and China is expected to assist in predicting future hip-hop culture and rapper fashion trends.