• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.829-839
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to clone the mRNA sequence of the Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) gene of goats and explore the effect of ACADL on the differentiation of subcutaneous fat cells on this basis. Methods: We obtained the ACADL gene of goats by cloning and used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect the ACADL expression patterns of different goat tissues and subcutaneous fat cells at different lipid induction stages. In addition, we transfect intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes separately by constructing overexpressed ACADL vectors and synthesizing Si-ACADL; finally, we observed the changes in oil red stained cell levels under the microscope, and qPCR detected changes in mRNA levels. Results: The results showed goat ACADL gene expressed in sebum fat. During adipocyte differentiation, ACADL gradually increased from 0 to 24 h of culture, and decreased. Overexpression of ACADL promoted differentiation of subcutaneous adipocytes in goat and inhibited their differentiation after interference. Conclusion: So, we infer ACADL may have an important role in positive regulating the differentiation process in goat subcutaneous adipocytes. This study will provide basic data for further study of the role of ACADL in goat subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and lays the foundation for final elucidating of its molecular mechanisms in regulating subcutaneous fat deposition in goats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1993

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(P(3HB)) accumulation under nutrient-rich condition with various amounts of $(NH_4)_2 SO_4$ was systematically investigated. The results of the electron-microscopy and the solvent extraction showed that the P(3HB) accumulation is unavoidable even under nutrient-rich condition. This indicates that in a two-step culture of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16, the researches should be careful in interpreting the data of polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) accumulation in terms of the carbon-source fed in the second step because the two-step culture product contains the P(3HB) produced under nutrient-rich condition. The polyester production capability in a two-step batch culture of A. eutrophus H16(ATCC 17699) was also investigated using various saccharides and their derivatives such as glucose, fructose, gluconic acid, glucaric acid, sorbitol, lactose, galactose, and mannose. The polyesters synthesized were characterized by 500 MHz$^{1}H-NMR$ spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity$[\eta]$ measurement in chloroform and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). 500 MHz $^{1}H-NMR$ analysis showed that all polyesters synthesized generally contained 1~2 mol% of 3HV. Another finding is that the glucose utilization can be increased by changing the autoclaving procedure of the substrate to enhance the P(3HB) production yield up to 46 wt% of P(3HB) in dry cells.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.650-658
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• 2021

Flexible risers are usually used as conveying systems to bring ocean resources from sea bed up to onshore. Under ocean environments, risers need to bear complex loads and it is crucial to comprehensively examine riser's configurations and to analyze structural dynamic performances under excitation of bottom vehicle motions, to guarantee structural safe operation and required service lives. In this study, considering a saddle-shaped riser, the influences of some important design parameters, including installation position of buoyancy modules, buoyancy ratio and motion of mining vehicle, on riser's configuration and response are carefully examined. Through our FEM simulations, the spatial distributions of structural tensions and curvatures along of riser length, under different configurations, are compared. Then, the impacts of mining vehicle motion on riser dynamic response are discussed, and structural tolerance performance is assessed. The results show that modules installation position and buoyancy ratio have significant impacts on riser configurations. And, an appropriate riser configuration is obtained through comprehensive analysis on the modules positions and buoyancy ratios. Under this proposed configuration, the structural tension and curvature could moderately change with buoyancy modules and bottom-end conditions, in other words, the proposed saddle-shaped riser has a good tolerance performance to various load excitations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.652-658
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• 2011

The growth kinetics of Streptomyces noursei NRRL 5126 was investigated under different aeration and agitation combinations in a 5.0 l stirred tank fermenter. Poly-${\varepsilon}$-lysine biosynthesis, cell mass formation, and glycerol utilization rates were affected markedly by both aeration and agitation. An agitation speed of 300 rpm and aeration rate at 2.0 vvm supported better yields of 1,622.81 mg/l with highest specific productivity of 15 mg/l.h. Fermentation kinetics performed under different aeration and agitation conditions showed poly- ${\varepsilon}$-lysine fermentation to be a growth-associated production. A constant DO at 40% in the growth phase and 20% in the production phase increased the poly-${\varepsilon}$-lysine yield as well as cell mass to their maximum values of 1,992.35 mg/l and 20.73 g/l, respectively. The oxygen transfer rate (OTR), oxygen utilization rate (OUR), and specific oxygen uptake rates ($qO_2$) in the fermentation broth increased in the growth phase and remained unchanged in the stationary phase.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2012

This study was to determine the inappropriate drug use in pediatric outpatients who received 2 or more prescriptions on the same day. Retrospective drug utilization reviews (DURs) were implemented to samples obtained from national health insurance claims data during December 2008 to February 2009, using 5 DUR criteria (duplication, drug-drug interaction, drug-disease interaction, drug-age contraindication, incorrect dosage) established in the Drug Information Framework (DIF)-$Korea^{TM}$, DUR program. Among 38,451 claims analyzed in the study, 74.7% had more than one conflicts in the 5 DUR modules. Among 16,472 patients analyzed, 49.6% had conflicts with duplication criteria composing of ingredient duplication (23.3%) and therapeutic class duplication (39.6%). Incorrect dosages were found in 73.6% of patients and under-dosage conflicts accounted for 59.9%, which was higher than over-dosage conflicts (38.3%). In this study, inappropriate drug prescriptions such as under-dose, pediatric contraindication and therapeutic duplication were prevalent in pediatric outpatient settings, suggesting much more awareness to the society, to prevent drug related problems in a vulnerable pediatric group.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.816-820
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• 2018

The stringent response (SR), which is activated by accumulation of (p)ppGpp under conditions of growth-inhibiting stresses, plays an important role on growth and virulence in Vibrio cholerae. Herein, we carried out a genome-wide screen using transposon random mutagenesis to identify genes controlled by SR in a (p)ppGpp-overproducing mutant strain. One of the identified SR target genes was flaC encoding flagellin. Genetic studies using flaC and SR mutants demonstrated that FlaC was involved in bacterial growth, toxin production, and normal flagellum function under conditions of high (p)ppGpp levels, suggesting FlaC plays an important role in SR-induced pathogenicity in V. cholerae.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제spc호
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• pp.247-270
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• 2007

Space development and utilization must be conducted within a framework of "peaceful uses" principle under Space Treaty. Japan ratified the treaty in 1967, and interpreted "peaceful uses" as "non-military uses" then. A ghost of "peaceful uses" principle has been hung over Japan up to the moment. Japan's space development and utilization has been conducted with genuine academic interest, and therefore Japan did not introduce space infrastructures to national security policy and did not facilitate growth of space industry. When the Cold War ended, Northeast Asian security environment makes Japan difficult to maintain an interpretation as "non-military uses". Besides the change of external security environment, the domestic industry situation and a series of rocket launching failure needed reexamination of Japan's space policy. Japan is gradually changing its space policy, and introducing space infrastructure in a national security policy under a "generalization" theory that gave a broad interpretation of "peaceful uses" principle. Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP) adopted a basic strategy of Japan's space policy in 2004. Since then, a long-term report of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), an investigation report of Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies (SJAC) and a proposal of Japan Business Federation (JSF) were followed. Japan will promote space development and utilization in national security policy with a "strictly defensive defense" strategy and "non-aggressive uses"principle for protection of life and property of Japanese people and stabilization of East Asian countries.

• 산업공학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.437-447
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• 1999

Modeling and system development for the fabrication process in the semiconductor manufacturing is presented in this paper. Maximization of wafer production can be achieved by the wafer flow balance under high utilization of bottleneck machines. Relatively simpler model is developed for the fabrication line by considering main characteristics of logistics. Simulation system is developed to evaluate the line performance such as balance rate, utilization, WIP amount and wafer production. Scheduling rules and input rules are suggested, and tested on the simulation system. We have shown that there exists good combination of scheduling and input rules.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.496-504
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of outpatient cost-sharing on health care utilization by the elderly. Methods: The data in this analysis was the health insurance claims data between July 1999 and December 2008 (114 months). The study group was divided into two age groups, namely 60-64 years old and 65-69 years old. This study evaluated the impact of policy change on office visits, the office visits per person, and the percentage of the copayment-paid visits in total visits. Interrupted time series and segmented regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that outpatient cost-sharing decreased office visits, but it also decreased the percentage of copayment-paid visits, implying that the intensity of care increased. There was little difference in the results between the two age groups. But after the introduction of the coinsurance system for those patients under age 65, office visits and the percentage of copayment-paid visits decreased, and the 60-64 years old group had a larger decrease than the 65-69 years old group. Conclusions: This study evaluated the effects of outpatient cost-sharing on health care utilization by the aged. Cost sharing of the elderly had little effect on controlling health care utilization.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2001년도 정기총회 특별강연 및 춘계학술연구발표회(2)
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• pp.85-91
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• 2001

This paper provides a case study of landfill gas (LFG) utilization fer direct use as process fuel, and for electrical power generation at restored landfills in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (HKSAR). The paper specifically covers the LFG utilization schemes, which are required under landfill restoration contracts at the Shuen Wan and Urban Landfills. These contracts provide for the restoration and aftercare of six landfills, and are administered by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) of the Hong Kong Government. The LFG utilization scheme at the Shuen Wan Landfill incorporates the direct use of LFG by compressing and dehumidifying the LFG prior to conveyance through a 1.6-kilometer (1-mile) pipeline. The pipeline provides an alternate fuel source to naphtha during process heating for gas production at the Tai Po Gas Production Plant of the Hong Kong and China Gas Limited (HKCC). The LFG utilization scheme at the Jordan Valley Landfill (one of the Urban Landfills) beneficially uses the LFG as fuel for electrical power generation with reciprocating internal combustion engines. The LFG is compressed, cooled, and filtered prior to delivery to two engine/generator sets. This system provides power to operate the leachate pre-treatment plant, which processes leachate from all of the Urban Landfill sites. The case study will examine the technical and non-technical considerations, including harriers, for developing, designing and implementing the LFG utilization projects in Hong Kong. Specific regulatory considerations and external governmental agency approvals are discussed, including the requirement to register as a gas-producing utility. While the paper focuses on LFG utilization applications in Hong Kong, many of the considerations discussed are also applicable to development of LFG utilization in other regions of Asia.