• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.398-403
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• 2001

Since the urban subway is normally constructed under the groundwater level, the drainage system will be one of the most important factors during maintenance period. Therefore, to investigate suitability of the design approach and the construction specification, the inflow and the contents of the groundwater in the Route 5 of Seoul subway system are analysed. From these, the possibility of the design improvement and the economy of the maintenance cost are proposed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of the midsummer drainage times and some growth regulators on lodging characters, lodging and yield in puddled-soil drill seeding in rice. Dongjinbyeo, the mid-late maturing rice variety was seeded at May 11 by seeding machine with 4cm of furrow depth. Experimental plots were divided two main treatment without midsummer drain and two time drains (30 and 50 days after seeding), Inabenfide(IBF) was applied 40days before heading(DBH) and IBP was applied at 30DBH, respectively. Culm length was shorten, the wall of N$_4$ was thicken, and the breaking weight was increased at two time drainage and growth regulators applied in order of Inabenfide, IBP, and Control. Lodging wasn't occurred at two time drainage but it was occurred at none drainage in the order of Control, IBP, and Inabenfide applied. Yield was higher at two time drainage compared with none drainage and higher in order of Inabenfide, IBP and Control in none drainage but wasn't significantly different among growth regulators applied in two time drainage. Therefore, two times midsummer soil drying is recommendable management method for puddled -soil drill seeding of rice. Rice, Direct seeding, Puddled-soil, Drill seeding, Midsummer drainage, Growth regulator, Lodging.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 1973

The selection and treatment with resection and drainage for patients with emphysematous bullae is discussed with reference to two patients recently. One case with bilateral multiple bullous emphysema resulting tension pneumothorax due to rupture of the bullae on right, 47 year old man with pulmonary tuberculosis history for 16 years, was treated with resection of the bullae on right including upper lobectomy and c!osed rhoracostomy drainage on left for another spontaneous pneumothorax, and result was excellent for 6 month after discharge. Another 53 year old man with giant tension air cysts occupying right whole lung field and shifting mediastinum to the left was treated with right under water sealed closed thoracostomy drainage for 7 days in vain, and resection was not performed for his poor respiratory function and general condition. The most useful preoperarive information was obtained from a study of the plain chest radiogram and the surgical procedure of choice was obliteration of the bullae at thoracotomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 1980

This is a case report of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with Atrial septal defect, which was corrected surgically by intracardiac procedure under total cardiopulmonary bypass. This 9 years old girl, she complained mild cyanosis, exertional dyspnea, and frequent upper respiratory infection from 3 months age. The chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly and a "snow man appearance", she has systolic murmur with splitting of S2. The diagnosis was confirmed with right heart catheterization, the catheter was reached to right pulmonic vein passed through right atrium, right superior vena cava, innominate vein, left superior vena cava, and common venous trunk. On 28th, Dec. 1979, an anastomosis between common pulmonary venous trunk and left atrium, Pericardial patch closure of ASD, and ligation of left superior vena cava were performed with Extra-corporeal circulation. The postoperative course was uneventful and discharged with excellent general condition.Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage with A.S.D. with A.S.D.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.899-904
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• 1990

One hundred and nine Patients with thoracic empyema were treated at the Chosun university hospital from Jul. 1983 to Sep. 1989. Seventy-nine[72.5%] of the empyemas were adults and 30[27.5%] patients were under fifteen-year children. 29 patients[26.6%] were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, 23[21.1%] occurred as pneumonia, and 13[11.9%] were unknown. The cardinal symptoms were dyspnea, chest pain, fever, coughing. When used as the initial mode of drainage, repeat thoracentesis was successful in only 46 of 93 cases[49. 5%]. Rib resection, however, provided cure or controlled in 7 cases[100%]. And decortication showed high cure rate in 19 of 24 cases[79.2%] Eventual control or cure of empyema was achieved in 90 patients[89.6%], whereas 7 patients[6.4%] died [3 from their empyema and 4 with empyema as an active problem at the time of death]. of all empyema-caused deaths occurred in patients who underwent chest tube drainage as the most invasive treatment modality. Chest tube drainage was often inadequate and more aggressive management was likely to result in fewer treatment failure and fewer total procedure. Early rib resection was recommended.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.487-491
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to investigate the cultural practices for improvement of rice grain quality under different cultivation times and fertilizer levels at panicle initiation, heading and different drainage times after heading. The obtained results could be summarized as follows. In consideration of brown rice whole kernel form, and analyzed physico-chemical properties cultivation time required the optimum season before June 5. Feltilizer level at panicle initiation and heading needed 3kg/10a or less. Drainage time desired late drainage at 30-40 days after heading.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.8 no.2 s.16
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• pp.50-56
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• 2002

In 1980s, studies on the river environment and the management techniques to maintain the quality of water achieved actively. From the beginning of 1990s, the concept considering the river ecology and conservation in urban area have been introduced in Korea. Recently, some environment friendly projects on the rivers have been executed and some are under way. Many small rivers in rural areas have been maintained considering landscape and partly ecology. However until the pilot project named Songsam drainage channel project started in 1998, there were no studies and projects on the irrigation and drainage channels considering environment friendly maintenance. Korea Agricultural and Rural Infrastructure Corporation (KARICO) is going to introduce environment friendly and naturally favorable maintenance technique when the new projects to reform the irrigation and drainage channels are planned. Irrigation channel in O-dong project site in Yeomsan-myeon, Younggwang-gun was designed considering environment friendly consolidation and maintenance.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 2001

A 60-year-old male was admitted due to cervical spine injury (C7-T1 fracture dislocation) and quadriparesis after slip down. During conservative management in department of neurologic surgery, he complainted of fever, dyspnea, neck swelling. Follow up cervicothoracic CT revealed abscess pocket in paraglottic, retropharyngeal, anterior cervical spaces and mediastinum. Also noted bilateral pleural effusions. Under impression of descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM). cervical drainage and bilateral chest tube insertion was performed immediately. On next day. mediastinal drainage through mediastinotomy was performed with careful handling of cervical spine. Escherichia coli was identified in bacteriologic culture. Wire fixation of dislocated C7-T1 spine through Posterior approach was performed on 30th days after mediastinotomy. Right chest tube was removed on 40th days. At now, the patient is on rehabilitation and physical training program. DNM is relatively rare, but lethal disease with high mortality. Immedate and sufficient mediastinal drainage is essential in treatment.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.86-92
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• 2002

The benefits of high performance retention systems have been long recognized by the paper maker. The inter-relation between chemical retention and drainage and their effect on paper production efficiency and paper quality is significant. The subject of this paper is a summary of recent studies comparing three microparticle programs made under highly controlled pilot and commercial paper machine conditions. The results presented in this paper suggest that, in addition to improvements in machine operation, the retention, drainage and formation program can have a marked influence on the paper quality. Improvement of the topographical characteristics of the base paper was observed when the microparticle was a colloidal borosilicate inorganic oxide.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2016

The interspecific estimation for tolerance capacities of upland crop species to excessive soil water stress in paddy field is significant in agricultural practices. Most of upland crops can be damaged by either excessive soil water or capillary rise of the water table during rainy season in paddy fields. The major objective of this study was to evaluate water stress of upland crops under different drainage classes in converted paddy field. This experiment was carried out in poorly drained soil (PDS) and imperfectly drained soil (IDS) of alluvial sloping area located at Toero-ri, Bubuk-myeon, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. The soil was Gagog series, which was a member of the fine silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aeric Endoaquepts (Low Humic-Gley soils). Two drainage methods, namely under Open ditch drainage methods (ODM) and, Closed pipe drainage methods (PDM) were installed within 1-m position at the lower edge of the upper paddy fields. The results showed that sum of excess water days ($SWD_{30}$), which was used to represent the moisture stress index, was 42 days (the lowest) in the PDM compared with 110 days in the ODM. Most of upland crops were more susceptible to excessive soil water during panicle initial stage on more PDS than on IDS. Yield of upland crops in the PDM was continuously increased by the rate of 15.1% on sorghum, 15.4% foxtail millet, 53.6% proso millet, 49.6% soybean and 47.9% adzuki bean as compared in the ODM. The capacity for tolerance by excessive soil water based on yield of each upland crop in the poorly drained sloping paddy fields was the order of sorghum, soybean, foxtail millet, proso millet and adzuki bean. Therefore, Sorghum is relatively tolerant to excessive soil water conditions and, may be grown successfully in converted paddy field.