• 제목/요약/키워드: Uncertainty measurement

검색결과 930건 처리시간 0.027초

Machine learning of LWR spent nuclear fuel assembly decay heat measurements

  • Ebiwonjumi, Bamidele;Cherezov, Alexey;Dzianisau, Siarhei;Lee, Deokjung
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권11호
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    • pp.3563-3579
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    • 2021
  • Measured decay heat data of light water reactor (LWR) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assemblies are adopted to train machine learning (ML) models. The measured data is available for fuel assemblies irradiated in commercial reactors operated in the United States and Sweden. The data comes from calorimetric measurements of discharged pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assemblies. 91 and 171 measurements of PWR and BWR assembly decay heat data are used, respectively. Due to the small size of the measurement dataset, we propose: (i) to use the method of multiple runs (ii) to generate and use synthetic data, as large dataset which has similar statistical characteristics as the original dataset. Three ML models are developed based on Gaussian process (GP), support vector machines (SVM) and neural networks (NN), with four inputs including the fuel assembly averaged enrichment, assembly averaged burnup, initial heavy metal mass, and cooling time after discharge. The outcomes of this work are (i) development of ML models which predict LWR fuel assembly decay heat from the four inputs (ii) generation and application of synthetic data which improves the performance of the ML models (iii) uncertainty analysis of the ML models and their predictions.

Sensitivity studies on a novel nuclear forensics methodology for source reactor-type discrimination of separated weapons grade plutonium

  • Kitcher, Evans D.;Osborn, Jeremy M.;Chirayath, Sunil S.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제51권5호
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    • pp.1355-1364
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    • 2019
  • A recently published nuclear forensics methodology for source discrimination of separated weapons-grade plutonium utilizes intra-element isotope ratios and a maximum likelihood formulation to identify the most likely source reactor-type, fuel burnup and time since irradiation of unknown material. Sensitivity studies performed here on the effects of random measurement error and the uncertainty in intra-element isotope ratio values show that different intra-element isotope ratios have disproportionate contributions to the determination of the reactor parameters. The methodology is robust to individual errors in measured intra-element isotope ratio values and even more so for uniform systematic errors due to competing effects on the predictions from the selected intra-element isotope ratios suite. For a unique sample-model pair, simulation uncertainties of up to 28% are acceptable without impeding successful source-reactor discrimination. However, for a generic sample with multiple plausible sources within the reactor library, uncertainties of 7% or less may be required. The results confirm the critical role of accurate reactor core physics, fuel burnup simulations and experimental measurements in the proposed methodology where increased simulation uncertainty is found to significantly affect the capability to discriminate between the reactors in the library.

Quantitative risk assessment for wellbore stability analysis using different failure criteria

  • Noohnejad, Alireza;Ahangari, Kaveh;Goshtasbi, Kamran
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.281-293
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    • 2021
  • Uncertainties in geomechanical input parameters which mainly related to inappropriate data acquisition and estimation due to lack of sufficient calibration information, have led wellbore instability not yet to be fully understood or addressed. This paper demonstrates a workflow of employing Quantitative Risk Assessment technique, considering these uncertainties in terms of rock properties, pore pressure and in-situ stresses to makes it possible to survey not just the likelihood of accomplishing a desired level of wellbore stability at a specific mud pressure, but also the influence of the uncertainty in each input parameter on the wellbore stability. This probabilistic methodology in conjunction with Monte Carlo numerical modeling techniques was applied to a case study of a well. The response surfaces analysis provides a measure of the effects of uncertainties in each input parameter on the predicted mud pressure from three widely used failure criteria, thereby provides a key measurement for data acquisition in the future wells to reduce the uncertainty. The results pointed out that the mud pressure is tremendously sensitive to UCS and SHmax which emphasize the significance of reliable determinations of these two parameters for safe drilling. On the other hand, the predicted safe mud window from Mogi-Coulomb is the widest while the Hoek-Brown is the narrowest and comparing the anticipated collapse failures from the failure criteria and breakouts observations from caliper data, indicates that Hoek-Brown overestimate the minimum mud weight to avoid breakouts while Mogi-Coulomb criterion give better forecast according to real observations.

Determination of burnup limit for CANDU 6 fuel using Monte-Carlo method

  • Lee, Eun-ki
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권3호
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    • pp.901-910
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    • 2021
  • KHNP recently has obtained the approval for the commercialization of the modified 37-element (or 37 M) fuel bundle and now is loading the 37 M fuel bundles in CANDU-6 reactors in KOREA. One of the main issues for approval was the burnup limit. Due to CANDU design and neutronic characteristics, there was no specific burnup restriction of a fuel bundle. The absence of a burnup limit does not mean that a fuel bundle can stay in the CANDU reactor without a time limit. However, the regulator requested traditional design values as well as the burnup limit reflecting the computer code uncertainty. The method for the PWR burnup limit was not applied to the CANDU fuel bundle. Since there was no approved methodology to build the burnup limit with uncertainties, KHNP introduced a Monte-Carlo method coupled with a 95/95 approach to determine the conservative burnup limit from the viewpoint of the centerline temperature, internal pressure, strain measurement deviation. Moreover, to consider the uncertainties of various computing models, a converted power uncertainty was introduced. This paper presents the methodology and puts forward the limits on burnup, evaluated for each of the existing and modified fuel bundles, in consideration of the pressure tube aging condition.

수은 삼중점 온도 실현의 교정 기관 내 비교 (Intralaboratory Comparison of the Realization of the Triple-point Temperature of Mercury)

  • 양인석;이영희
    • 센서학회지
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.448-454
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    • 2022
  • An intralaboratory comparison of the realization of the triple-point temperature of mercury, which is defined as -38.8344℃ on the international temperature scale of 1990 (ITS-90), was conducted at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), the national metrology institute of Korea. To this end, four triple-point-of-mercury cells were compared using the resistance ratio measurement of a standard platinum resistance thermometer to validate the calibration results obtained using the triple-point-of-mercury cells at KRISS. The triple-point temperatures of all the four cells, one of which is designated as the national standard cell, were within 0.3 mK of the national standard. Based on 13 experiments on the four triple-point-of-mercury cells, the uncertainty in the comparison of the triple-point-of-mercury cells was 0.08 mK, and the uncertainty in the realization of the triple-point temperature of mercury was 0.19 mK. The results of the intralaboratory comparison validated that utilizing any of the four triple-point-of-mercury cells would result in the realization of a temperature within 0.3 mK of the average value determined by two key international comparisons for the realization of -38.3844℃ following the ITS-90.

GA-LADRC를 이용한 Mariner class vessel의 선수각 제어 (GA-LADRC based control for course keeping applied to a mariner class vessel)

  • 안종갑
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제59권2호
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    • pp.145-154
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    • 2023
  • In this study, to control the heading angle of a ship, which is constantly subjected to various internal and external disturbances during the voyage, an LADRC (linear active disturbance rejection control) design that focuses more on improving the disturbance removal performance was proposed. The speed rate of change of the ship's heading angle due to the turn of the rudder angle was selected as a significant factor, and the nonlinear model of the ship's maneuvering equation, including the steering gear, was treated as a total disturbance. It is the similar process with an LADRC design for the first-order transfer function model. At this time, the gains of the controller included in LADRC and the gains of the extended state observer were tuned to RCGAs (real-coded genetic algorithms) to minimize the integral time-weighted absolute error as an evaluation function. The simulation was performed by applying the proposed GA-LADRC controller to the heading angle control of the Mariner class vessel. In particular, it was confirmed that the proposed controller satisfactorily maintains and follows the set course even when the disturbances such as nonlinearity, modelling error, uncertainty and noise of the measurement sensor are considered.

하상재료에 따른 ADCP의 유량측정 비교 분석 (Comparative Analysis of ADCP Flow Measurement According to River Bed Material)

  • 최진우;홍창수;신경용;이진욱;김정애;조용철;유순주
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.156-162
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 하상재료에 따른 ADCP의 측정 적합성을 평가하기 위해 하상 재료가 다른 자갈 하상과 모래 하상인 지점에서 ADCP의 유속, 수심 및 유량 자료를 ADV의 측정 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과 자갈 하상과 모래 하상에서의 ADV와 ADCP를 이용한 유속 분포와 수심 측정 자료는 비슷하게 나타났다. 유량측정 결과 자갈 하상에서 평균 3.5 - 4.8%, 모래 하상에서 평균 0.02 - 3.2%의 상대오차 범위를 나타내어 USGS에서 제시한 평균 오차 5%의 범위보다 작아 신뢰가 높은 결과인 것을 알 수 있었다. 이한 결과는 향후 ADCP의 하천 적용성에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으며 ADCP의 불확도 평가에 중요한 자료로 이용될 것으로 판단된다.

지르코늄 합금 관의 임계좌굴 압력 산정을 위한 최소안전율 (Minimum Safety Factor for Evaluation of Critical Buckling Pressure of Zirconium Alloy Tube)

  • 김형규;김재용;윤경호;이영호;이강희;강흥석
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.281-287
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    • 2011
  • 얇은 관 탄성좌굴 공식의 불확실성을 고려하기 위해, 공식을 구성하는 파라미터인 튜브재료의 탄성계수, 푸아송 비, 튜브 두께 및 지름의 불확실성을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 원자로에서 연소되는 핵연료봉과 같이 사용 중 함몰을 엄격히 방지하고 있는 얇은 관의 설계신뢰도를 향상시키는 데에 중요하다. 분석 방법은 각각의 파라미터가 변화할 수 있는 범위를 충분히 포함할 수 있는 최소의 탄성좌굴 안전율을 구하고 이를 선형적으로 합하여 최종의 최소안전율을 구하였다. 최소 안전율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 파라미터는 관의 두께로 나타났다. 두께가 얇을수록 더 큰 최소안전율이 필요하며 예로 적용한 지르코늄 합금관의 경우, 두께가 0.254 와 0.87 mm 일 때 최소안전율은 각각 1.547 과 3.487 로 나타났다.

풍력자원평가를 위한 라이다 관측 시 풍속연직분포 불확도 분석 (Uncertainty Analysis on Vertical Wind Profile Measurement of LIDAR for Wind Resource Assessment)

  • 김현구;최지휘;장문석;전완호
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.185.1-185.1
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    • 2010
  • 원격탐사(remote sensing)란 관측 대상과의 접촉 없이 멀리서 정보를 얻어내는 기술을 말한다. 기상관측분야에는 이미 소다(SODAR) 장비가 폭넓게 사용되거 왔으나 최근 풍력자원평가(wind resource assessment)를 위한 풍황측정에 SODAR와 더불어 라이다(LIDAR)가 적극적으로 활용되기 시작하고 있다. 참고로 SODAR(SOnic Detection And Ranging)는 수직 및 동서 남북 방향으로 음파를 발생시키고 대기유동에 의해 산란 반사된 에코를 수신하여 진동수 변화와 반사에코 강도를 측정하여 각 방향의 에코자료를 벡터 합성함으로써 풍향 및 풍속을 산출하는 원리이다. 반면 LIDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)는 비교적 최근에 풍황측정 용도로 개발된 레이저 탐지에 바탕을 둔 원거리 센서로, 공기입자(먼지, 수증기, 구름, 안개, 오염물질 등)에 의해 산란된 레이저 발산의 도플러 쉬프트(Doppler shift)를 이용하여 풍향 및 풍속을 측정하는 원격탐사 장비이다. 풍력자원평가 측면에서 라이다는 그 정확도가 IEC61400-12에 의거한 풍황탑(met-mast) 측정자료 다수와의 비교검증 실측평가(Albers et al., 2009)를 통하여 입증된 바 있다. 한편 한국에너지기술연구원에서 운용 중인 라이다 시스템은 그림 1의 우측 그림과 같이 1초에 $360^{\circ}$를 스캔하여 50지점에서 반사되는 레이저를 스펙트럼으로 측정하되 설정된 관측높이에서 풍속은 샘플링 부피(sampling volume)의 평균값으로 정의된다. 그런데 샘플링 부피는 설정된 관측높이로부터 상하 12.5m, 총 25m의 높이구간에서 관측한 스펙트럼의 평균값을 그 중앙지점에서의 풍속으로 환산하는 알고리듬(algorithm)을 채택하고 있다. 따라서 비선형적으로 변화하는 풍속연직분포 관측 시 풍속환산 알고리듬에 의한 측정오차가 개입될 가능성이 존재하는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 라이다에 의한 풍속연직분포 측정 시 샘플링 부피의 구간 평균화 과정에서 발생하는 불확도(uncertainty)를 정량적으로 분석함으로써 라이다에 의한 풍속연직분포 관측의 불확도를 정량평가하고자 한다.

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현장실측에 의한 조도계수 산정의 불확실도 평가 (Uncertainty Analysis in Estimation of Roughness Coefficient Using the Field Measurement Data)

  • 김지성;이찬주;김원
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제40권10호
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    • pp.801-810
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 현장에서 실측된 유량 및 수위로부터 산정된 조도계수의 오차를 분석하고 그 타당성과 한계를 검토하였다. 자연 하천흐름을 등류로 가정하여 산정된 조도계수는 저유량 규모에서 부등류로 계산된 조도계수와 큰 차이를 나타내었으며, 이는 속도수두의 차이보다 평균 단면적, 동수반경 등 단면정보에 크게 영향을 받았다. 상대적으로 긴 구간에서 홍수량 규모의 평균 조도계수 산정에서는 구간 상하류만의 수위 자료를 이용하여 조도계수를 산정하는 수정 Newton-Raphson 방법이 구간 내 다수의 실측 수위로 산정된 평균 조도계수와 비교하여 효율적이고 정확한 해를 제공하였다. 현장 실측으로 조도계수를 산정할 경우, 수위 및 유량 측정오차로 인하여 홍수기보다 저유량 규모에서 산정된 조도계수의 불확실도가 증가되지만 이로 인하여 발생되는 수심 및 유속의 불확실도는 유량규모와 무관하게 5% 내외의 유사한 결과가 나타남으로써 실측 수위를 이용한 조도계수 산정의 타당성을 확인하였다.