• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.27-32
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• 2019

Disaster Safety Management Information standardization and harmonization simplifies the process of disaster management (prevention, preparedness, response and recovery) to increase the efficiency of disaster management, it is necessary to minimize the people's life and property damage. Disaster safety standardization is to standardize disaster safety information in the past to respond to an uncertain future and systematically manage disaster safety accordingly. This study developed a standard code system to utilize disaster safety information such as earthquake, fire, and fine dust, which are of social interest among various and complex environmental disasters. It aims to support practitioners to conduct efficient disaster tasks in the event of a disaster.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.111-127
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• 2013

This paper describes effects of infill walls on behavior of RC frame with low strength, including numerical modeling, modal testing and finite-element model updating. For this purpose full scaled, one bay and one story RC frame is produced and tested for plane and brick in-filled conditions. Ambient-vibration testis applied to identify dynamic characteristics under natural excitations. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification methods are used to obtain experimental dynamic characteristics. A numerical modal analysis is performed on the developed two-dimensional finite element model of the frames using SAP2000 software to provide numerical frequencies and mode shapes. Dynamic characteristics obtained by numerical and experimental are compared with each other and finite element model of the frames are updated by changing some uncertain modeling parameters such as material properties and boundary conditions to reduce the differences between the results. At the end of the study, maximum differences in the natural frequencies are reduced on average from 34% to 9% and a good agreement is found between numerical and experimental dynamic characteristics after finite-element model updating. In addition, it is seen material properties are more effective parameters in the finite element model updating of plane frame. However, for brick in-filled frame changes in boundary conditions determine the model updating process.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.423-435
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• 2021

Although existing algorithms can predict wind speed using historical observation data, for engineering feasibility, most use moment methods and probability density functions to estimate fitted parameters. However, extreme wind speed prediction accuracy for long-term return periods is not always dependent on how the optimized frequency distribution curves are obtained; long-term return periods emphasize general distribution effects rather than marginal distributions, which are closely related to potential extreme values. Moreover, there are different wind speed parent sample types; how to theoretically select the proper extreme value distribution is uncertain. The influence of different sampling time intervals has not been evaluated in the fitting process. To overcome these shortcomings, updated steps are introduced, involving parameter sensitivity analysis for different sampling time intervals. The extreme value prediction accuracy of unknown parent samples is also discussed. Probability analysis of mean wind is combined with estimation of the probability plot correlation coefficient and the maximum likelihood method; an iterative estimation algorithm is proposed. With the updated steps and comparison using a Monte Carlo simulation, a fitting policy suitable for different parent distributions is proposed; its feasibility is demonstrated in extreme wind speed evaluations at Longhua and Chuansha meteorological stations in Shanghai, China.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.662-671
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• 2007

Since variety of construction projects with their individual specifications could be handled through different procurement systems, selection of the most appropriate project delivery system is a vital step towards more efficient project execution. The appropriate selection of project delivery system may also ensure more competent management of the project. Its impacts are not only limited to the first stages of the project, as it could also influence pre-construction, construction and operational phases of the project. Among different approaches exerted for this purpose, none has taken uncertainty into account, despite the fact that during first stages of the project most of the selection factors are still uncertain and not clearly defined. This paper, hence, aims to provide a fuzzy insight into the project delivery system selection. Through this approach more tangible model of the evaluation process may be presented. Proposed fuzzy method is indeed a multi criteria decision making model, based on the group of criteria, assigned for the evaluation procedure. A case study is also conducted, based on the opinion of an invented group of the experts.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.676-684
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• 2009

Decision making at the early stages of a construction project has a significant impact on the project, and various scenarios created based on the owner's requirements should be considered for the decision making. At the early stages of a construction project, the information regarding the project is usually limited and uncertain. As such, it is difficult to plan and manage the project (especially cost planning). Thus, in this study, a cost model that could be varied according to the owner's requirements was developed. The cost model that was developed in this study is based on the case-based reasoning (CBR) methodology. The model suggests cost estimation with the most similar historical case as a basis for the estimation. In this study, the optimization process was also conducted, using genetic algorithms that reflect the changes in the number of project characteristics and in the database in the model according to the owner's decision making. Two optimization parameters were established: (1) the minimum criteria for scoring attribute similarity (MCAS); and (2) the range of attribute weights (RAW). The cost model proposed in this study can help building owners and managers estimate the project budget at the business planning stage.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2023

Objective: Manual therapy is a commonly utilized approach in managing chronic pain, but its specific impact on pain catastrophizing remains uncertain. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of manual therapy on pain catastrophizing in individuals with chronic pain. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases to identify relevant studies published from 2014 onwards. Studies that evaluated the impact of manual therapy on pain catastrophizing in individuals with chronic pain were incorporated. The risk of bias in the selected studies was evaluated using the Cochrane tool for risk of bias in qualitative analysis. For the quantitative analysis, RevMan 5.4 software was utilized, employing a random-effects model as the analysis model. The effect measure used in the analysis was the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: In total, 26 studies were collected, and following the screening process, three of them were incorporated into the final analysis. The included studies involved a total of 153 patients with chronic pain. The interventions comprised various manual therapy techniques targeting different areas of the body. Pain catastrophizing and pain intensity were the primary outcomes of interest. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in pain catastrophizing scores following manual therapy intervention compared to control conditions (SMD = -0.91, 95% CI: -1.25 to -0.58). However, heterogeneity between the studies was observed. Conclusions: Despite the limited quantity and heterogeneity of studies, it has been demonstrated that manual therapy intervention is effective in reducing pain catastrophizing in individuals with chronic pain.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Objectives: Weight counseling is an inevitable process for patients with obesity who intend to lose weight; however, the contents of real-world counseling practices remain uncertain in Korean medicine (KM) practice. This study aimed to explore the structure and constituents of obesity counseling in KM. Methods: Qualitative methods were used to explore the structure of weight counseling and clinicians' approaches to weight counseling, particularly the advice and main constituents of weight counseling in KM. Nine KM clinicians (4 women, 5 men) from nine clinics completed face-to-face, individual and semi-structured interviews from September 2019 to February 2020 in Seoul, Daejeon, Cheonan, Seongnam, Asan, and Hwaseoug. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and categorized based on their constituents. Results: During weight loss counseling, the six principal constituents of KM identified were: planning with patients, motivation, correcting misinformation on weight loss, dietary and exercise advice, medication guidance, and customized guides for each type. Conclusion: Clinicians with in-depth knowledge about obesity prescribed personalized guidance for exercise, diet, and medication through an integrative approach. The study results provide an in-depth understanding of weight counseling in KM. These six constituents could guide the counseling provided by clinicians in obesity care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.227-244
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• 2024

The objective of this research was to examine current telehealth practices in managing children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to map existing implementations using the American Medical Association's Virtual Care Value Framework. A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. The databases, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed, were searched with specific keywords related to telehealth and ADHD. The screening process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria were restricted to articles published in English between January 2000 and July 2024, focusing on children with ADHD, their parents, caregivers, family members, teachers, healthcare professionals, and articles implementing telehealth interventions. As a result, out of 389 initially identified articles, 22 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were predominantly conducted in the United States. The most common telehealth methods included videoconferencing and telephone-based communications. Key areas of focus in these studies included clinical outcomes, access to care, patient and family experience, caregiver experience, clinician experience, and financial and operational impact. However, none of the studies addressed health equity. In conclusion, telehealth has shown effectiveness in improving ADHD assessment, treatment adherence, and parental education, leading to positive patient outcomes and experiences. However, the financial impact of telehealth remains uncertain. Further research is needed, particularly outside the United States, to explore emerging telehealth technologies and areas overlooked by the Virtual Care Value Framework, such as health equity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.3 s.25
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

Delay schedule coming about duration extension is happening essentially because public construction project consist of many sub contractor. The method which can calculate delay day is suggested by many studies in case of happing delay schedule, but It is difficult to apply to real construction project because there is no mention about the control of The law of contract according to delay schedule. The law of Contract which is cost of account has more uncertain problem than FIDIC condition of contract. This study suggests method which can make extension of duration procedure clear in case of happing the reason of design change related with activity duration during carrying on construction, and a submission process of the reason of duration extension and modify schedule making way about section which is basis of calculating contract amount clear.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.10A no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2003

This paper proposes an agent-based adaptive tutoring system that monitors learning process of learners' and provides learning materials dynamically according to the analyzed learning character. Furthermore, it uses fuzzy concept to evaluate learners' ability and to provide learning materials appropriate to the level of learners'. For this, we design a courseware knowledge structure systematically and then construct a fuzzy level set on the basis of it considering importance of learning targets, difficulty of learning materials and relation degree between learning targets and learning materials. Using agent, monitoring continually the learning process of learners 'inferencing to offer proper hints in case of incorrect answer in learning assesment, composing dynamically learning materials according to the learning feature and the evaluation of assesment, our system implements effectively adaptive instruction system. Moreover, appling the fuzzy concept to the system could naturally consider and ideal with various and uncertain items of learning environment thus could offer more flexible and effective instruction-learning methods.