• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2014

In this study, modal parameters such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios of RC frames with low strength are determined for different construction stages using ambient vibration test. For this purpose full scaled, one bay and one story RC frames are produced and tested for plane, brick in-filled and brick in-filled with plaster conditions. Measurement time, frequency span and effective mode number are determined by considering similar studies and literature. To obtain experimental dynamic characteristics, Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification techniques are used together. It is shown that the ambient vibration measurements are enough to identify the most significant modes of RC frames. The results indicate that modal parameters change significantly depending on the construction stages. In addition, Infill walls increase stiffness and change the mode shapes of the RC frame. There is a good agreement between mode shapes obtained from brick in-filled and in-filled with plaster conditions. However, some differences are seen in plane frame, like expected. Dynamic characteristics should be verified using finite element analysis. Finally, inconsistency between experimental and analytical dynamic characteristics should be minimize by finite element model updating using some uncertain parameters such as material properties, boundary condition and section properties to reflect the current behavior of the RC frames.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2000

본 논문은 조속기의 밸브 위치의 제한을 고려한 불확실 비선형 전력 시스템의 부파수 제어를 위한 강인 디지털 퍼지 제어기의 설계기법을 제시한다. TSK 퍼지 모델을 이용하여 비선형 전력 시스템을 모델링한다. 리아푸노프 안정도 해석 이론에 기반하여 파라미터 불확실성을 포함한 비선형 전력 시스템의 TSK 퍼지 모델을 위한 강인 안정 조겅을 유도한다. 유도된 강인 안정 조건은 선형 행렬 부등식의 형태로 나타난다. 또한 지는형 디지털 재설계 기법을 이용하여 연속 시간상에서 운용되는 전력 시스템을 위한 디지털 제어기를 설계한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 본 논문에서 제안된 부하 주파수 제어기 설계 기법의 효용성을 보인다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.199-208
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• 1986

The effects of $Mg^{++}$ upon the spontaneous contraction activated by 1 IU/l oxytocin were studied in the isolated rat uterine muscle. Longitudinal muscle strips u·ere prepared from the rat uteri at the estrous stage. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with 100% $O_2$ and kept at $35^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In the uterine strips contracting spontaneously, as $Mg^{++}$ concentration increased in the Tyrode solution the amplitude of peak tension decreased in all the experimental solutions containing the various concentrations of $Ca^{++}\;(0.5{\sim}4 mM)$. And the amplitude of peak tension increased in inverse proportion to the $[Mg^{++}]/[Ca^{++}]\; ratio$. It is suggested that the tension-lowering effect of $Mg^{++}$ would be developed through decreasing intracellular ionized free calcium ion concentration by uncertain mechanism. 2) The frequency of the uterine contraction activated by oxytocin increased as the $[Mg^{++}]/[Ca^{++}]\;ratio$ ratio increased up to 1/2, but the frequency decreased above this ratio. It is speculated that $Mg^{++}$ would influence the excitability control action of $Ca^{++}$.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권9B호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2008

무선인지 기반의 시스템에서, 주 사용자를 위한 주파수 할당을 보장하면서도 부가 사용자에게도 끊김없는 서비스를 제공해야 한다. 부가 사용자의 멀티미디어 데이터의 전송 시 무선 링크의 빈번한 변경 때문으로 인한 데이터 전송 지연과 손실이 발생할 경우 QoS 저하를 피할 수 없게 된다. 부가 사용자에게도 끊김없는 서비스를 유지하기 위해서는 효율적인 주파수 자원 관리가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 퍼지 다기준 의사 결정 방법에 근거한 주파수 선정 방법을 제안한다. 제안되는 주파수선정 방법은 퍼지 집합 이론을 활용하며 주파수 선택을 위한 결정 프로세스에 기존의 전파 수신 감도 이외에 셀 부하, 데이터 전송률, 가용 대역 등을 고려한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여, 제안된 방법이 수신 신호 세기만을 사용하는 기존의 방법보다 우수함을 보인다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

A designer regards the vibration system as a linear system. However, in real world, nonlinearity of a vibration system should exist caused by various factors like manufacturing conditions or uncertain material properties. So, properties of a spring and a damper which are consisting the vibration system have statistical distribution. Therefore, a designer needs to analyze the statistical nonlinearity in a vibration system. In this paper, $1^{st}$ Taylor series expansion method and univariate dimension reduction method apply to a performance measure of nonlinear vibration system, and compare each result. And then, merits and demerits of each method are discussed. For apply more actual problem, a performance measure population is estimated based on design variable samples like properties of spring or damper.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2005

A inductive voltage divider(IVD) is widely used as a ratio arm of precise impedance measurement bridges at low frequencies of audio frequency range and a well fabricated IVD has ratio error of $10^{-7}$ order without any calibration. Recently, the order of $10^{-8}$ of the best measurement uncertainty is needed for calibration and maintenance of impedance standards as national standards. In order to achieve that uncertainty, the IVD which is used for a ratio arm of precise impedance measurement bridge should be calibrated within the uncertain of order of $10^{-8}$ For this purpose, a ratio calibration bridge for IVDs has been developed. The measurement uncertainties of both inphase and quadrature of the bridge are analyzed less then $3{\times}10^{-8}$ respectively at 1 kHz and 25 V.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.814-828
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• 2013

The LCL resonant inductive power transfer (IPT) system is increasingly used because of its harmonic filtering capabilities, high efficiency at light load, and unity power factor feature. However, the modeling and controller design of this system become extremely difficult because of parameter uncertainty, high-order property, and switching nonlinear property. This paper proposes a frequency and load uncertainty modeling method for the LCL resonant IPT system. By using the linear fractional transformation method, we detach the uncertain part from the system model. A robust control structure with weighting functions is introduced, and a control method using structured singular values is used to enhance the system performance of perturbation rejection and reference tracking. Analysis of the controller performance is provided. The simulation and experimental results verify the robust control method and analysis results. The control method not only guarantees system stability but also improves performance under perturbation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1498-1507
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• 1996

This paper presents a robust control of a smart flexible structure featured by a piezofilm actuator characterizing its light weght and quick response time. A mathematical governing equation for the proposed structure is derived by employing Hamilton's principle and a state space control model is subsequentrly obtained through modal analysis. Uncertain system parameters such as frequency variation are included in the control model. A sliding mode control theroy thich has inherent robustness to systme uncertainties is adopted to design a tracking controller for the peizofilm actuator. Using the output informaiton from the tip deflection sensor, a full-order observer is constructed ot estimate state variables for the system. Tracking performances for desired trajectories of sinusoidal amd step functions are evaluated by undertaking both simulation and experimental works.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2009

Eight commercially packaged kimchi products were examined over 15 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$ to evaluate the occurrence of Hafnia alvei (H. alvei). Additionally, 7 saeujeot products, as a possible ingredient source, were analyzed to examine the bacteria's origin. Over the storage period, kimchi samples had decreasing pH levels, which stabilized at pH 4.2; acidity increased to $0.9{\pm}0.1%$. Lactose-nonfermenting bacteria, which H. alvei belongs to, gradually reduced in numbers over the kimchi storage. However, the relative frequency of H. alvei to lactose-nonfermenting bacteria tended to increase. From the kimchi samples, 58 H. alvei-presumptive colonies were selected. Forty three colonies turned out to be H. alvei and 15 colonies were identified as other strains or uncertain identifications when the API 20E system was used. From further test, 3 of the 43 colonies were H. alvei (-) against the phage test. Finally, H. alvei was isolated from saeujeot, indicating that this ingredient can be an originating source of H. alvei in kimchi.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2712-2714
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• 2002

Recently, the high blood pressure is appeared the most frequent disease of a man's the whole sickness. But, to treat this disease is uncertain and produces an adverse reaction of a medicine therapy. Also, a patients are burden high price for doctor's treatment. Therefore, we studied effectively and financially to execute the treatment of the high blood pressure using the Chinese Medicine Theorem that recently arousing a great interest of the people. The main theories of this paper are Blood Vessel Theory and Acupuncture. The composed circuits are low-frequency generating circuit, charging-discharging circuit. The former will substitute a needle that use in the acupuncture therapy method and the latter will charge and discharge the bioelectric action potential of a patient in Ear Acupuncture Point. Also, all circuits will be controlled a micro-computer circuit.