• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1226-1235
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• 2016

For wearable health monitoring systems, a fundamental problem is the limited space for storing energy, which can be translated into a short operational life. In this paper, a highly efficient active voltage doubling rectifier with a wide input range for micro-piezoelectric energy harvesting systems is proposed. To obtain a higher output voltage, the Dickson charge pump topology is chosen in this design. By replacing the passive diodes with unbalanced-biased comparator-controlled active counterparts, the proposed rectifier minimizes the voltage losses along the conduction path and solves the reverse leakage problem caused by conventional comparator-controlled active diodes. To improve the rectifier input voltage sensitivity and decrease the minimum operational input voltage, two low power common-gate comparators are introduced in the proposed design. To keep the comparator from oscillating, a positive feedback loop formed by the capacitor C is added to it. Based on the SMIC 0.18-μm standard CMOS process, the proposed rectifier is simulated and implemented. The area of the whole chip is 0.91×0.97 mm², while the rectifier core occupies only 13% of this area. The measured results show that the proposed rectifier can operate properly with input amplitudes ranging from 0.2 to 1.0V and with frequencies ranging from 20 to 3000 Hz. The proposed rectifier can achieve a 92.5% power conversion efficiency (PCE) with input amplitudes equal to 0.6 V at 200 Hz. The voltage conversion efficiency (VCE) is around 93% for input amplitudes greater than 0.3 V and load resistances larger than 20kΩ.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2020년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.455-457
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• 2020

Recent studies demonstrate that deep learning model is easily biased by trained with unbalanced datasets. For example, the deep network can be trained to make a prediction by background feature instead the real target's feature. For those problem, a measurement called leakage was introduced to digitize this tendency. In this paper, we propose augmentation strategy which are used generally in computer vision problem to remedy this bias problem and we showed a simple augmentation methods have a effect to this task with experiments.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2022

디지털 세상에서 불균형 데이터에 대한 클래스 분포는 중요한 부분이며 사이버 보안에 큰 의미를 차지한다. 불균형 데이터의 비정상적인 활동을 찾고 문제를 해결해야 한다. 모든 트랜잭션의 패턴을 추적할 수 있는 시스템이 필요하지만, 일반적으로 패턴이 비정상인 불균형 데이터로 기계학습을 하면 소수 계층에 대한 성능은 무시되고 저하되며 예측 모델은 부정확하게 편향될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 불균형 데이터 세트를 해결하기 위한 접근 방식으로 Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)와 Light GBM 알고리즘을 이용하여 추정치를 결합하여 대상 변수를 예측하고 정확도를 향상시켰다. 실험 결과는 Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, KNN, Random Forest, XGBoost 알고리즘과 비교하였다. 정확도, 재현율에서는 성능이 모두 비슷했으나 정밀도에서는 2개의 알고리즘 Random Forest 80.76%, Light GBM 97.16% 성능이 나왔고, F1-score에서는 Random Forest 84.67%, Light GBM 91.96% 성능이 나왔다. 이 실험 결과로 Light GBM은 성능이 5개의 알고리즘과 비교하여 편차없이 비슷하거나 최대 16% 향상됨을 접근 방식으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.860-873
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• 1998

In a low speed open-type wind tunnel, a group of parallel wakes downstream of two dimensional grid model consisting of several circular cylinders were experimentally investigated to study the response of the wake flows to the acoustic excitation, in hoping to promote the understanding of the underlying mechanism behind the gross flow change due to artificial excitation. In the unexcited wake flows, the development of the individual wakes behind cylinders was almost uniform for the ratio of the spacing to the cylinder diameter of s/d.geq.1.5. For smaller s/d, however, the jet streams issued through the gaps between the cylinders became biased in one side and the cylinders had wakes of different sizes. At s/d=1.25, the gap flow directions change in time, leading to unstable wake patterns. Further reduction in s/d made this unstable flip-flopping of the jets stable. The most effective excitation frequency was found to be in the Strouhal number range of St=0.5-0.6. This frequency was related to the vortex shedding. At s/d=1.75, the excitation frequency was 2 or 4 times the vortex shedding frequency. When the flow was excited at this frequency, the vortex sheddings were energized, and pairings between neighboring vortices were generated. Also, the merging process between individual wakes was accelerated. The unstable and unbalanced wake patterns at s/d=2.15 were made stable and balanced. The unstable and unbalanced wake patterns at s/d=2.15 were made stable and balanced. For smaller spacing of s/d .leq,1.0, the acoustic excitation became less effective in controlling the flow.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.620-624
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• 2012

The role of moisture remaining inside the deposition chamber during the formation of the cubic boron nitride (c-BN) phase in BN film was investigated. BN films were deposited by an unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBM) method. Single-crystal (001) Si wafers were used as substrates. A hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) target was used as a sputter target which was connected to a 13.56 MHz radiofrequency electric power source at 400 W. The substrate was biased at -60 V using a 200 kHz high-frequency power supply. The deposition pressure was 0.27 Pa with a flow of Ar 18 sccm - $N_2$ 2 sccm mixed gas. The inside of the deposition chamber was maintained at a moisture level of 65% during the initial stage. The effects of the evacuation time, duration time of heating the substrate holder at $250^{\circ}C$ as well as the plasma treatment on the inside chamber wall on the formation of c-BN were studied. The effects of heating as well as the plasma treatment very effectively eliminated the moisture adsorbed on the chamber wall. A pre-deposition condition for the stable and repeatable deposition of c-BN is suggested.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

전 세계적으로 사이버 공격은 계속 증가해 왔으며 그 피해는 정부 시설을 넘어 민간인들에게 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 문제로 사이버 이상징후를 조기에 식별하여 탐지할 수 있는 시스템 개발의 중요성이 강조되었다. 위와 같이, 사이버 이상징후를 효과적으로 식별하기 위해 BGP(Border Gateway Protocol) 데이터를 머신러닝 모델을 통해 학습하고, 이를 이상징후로 식별하는 여러 연구가 진행되었다. 그러나 BGP 데이터는 이상 데이터가 정상 데이터보다 적은 불균형 데이터(Imbalanced data)이다. 이는, 모델에 학습이 편향된 결과를 가지게 되어 결과에 대한 신뢰성을 감소시킨다. 또한, 실제 사이버 상황에서 보안 담당자들이 머신러닝의 정형적인 결과로 사이버 상황을 인식시킬 수 없는 한계도 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전 세계 네트워크 기록을 보관하는 BGP(Border Gateway Protocol)를 조사하고, SMOTE(Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) 활용해 불균형 데이터 문제를 해결한다. 그 후, 사이버 공방(Cyber Range) 상황을 가정하여, 오토인코더를 통해 사이버 이상징후 분류하고 분류된 데이터를 가시화한다. 머신러닝 모델인 오토인코더는 정상 데이터의 패턴을 학습시켜 이상 데이터를 분류하는 성능을 92.4%의 정확도를 도출했고 보조 지표도 90%의 성능을 보여 결과에 대한 신뢰성을 확보한다. 또한, 혼잡한 사이버 공간을 가시화하여 효율적으로 상황을 인식할 수 있기에 사이버 공격에 효과적으로 방어할 수 있다고 전망된다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2020

본 연구는 수학과 교과역량으로서의 정보처리 능력이 어떻게 해석, 적용되고 있는지 교과서 분석을 통해 탐구하였다. 중학교 1-3학년 10종 30권 교과서의 191개 과제를 정보처리 능력 하위요소에 따라 분석한 결과, 하위요소별, 교과서별로 차이가 컸으며 공통적으로 '공학적 도구 및 교구 활용'에 매우 치우쳐 있었다. 과제 유형별로도 해석과 적용 방법의 다양성이 발견되었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 정보처리 능력 함양을 위한 개선 방향과 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.477-489
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• 2009

In this study, elementary school students' satisfaction in school food service and their dietary behaviors were investigated, based on survey performed on 453 elementary school students (233 boy and 221 girl students) in the range of 4th grade to 6th grade. 85.7% of the students had agreed to the necessity of school food service. The point of overall satisfaction in school food service was $3.53{\pm}0.83$. The highest satisfactory factor was menu of school food service$(3.64{\pm}0.77)$, while the lowest satisfactory was service$(3.41{\pm}0.85)$. The point of boy students' satisfaction in menu(p<0.05), sanitation & facility(p<0.001), and service(p<0.05) of school food service was higher than girl students'. The students' responses indicate that: 36.9% of the students wash their hands before meal; 19.9% of the students brush their teeth after meal; 36.1% of the students arrange their table after meal; 22.1% of the students do not disturb others during their meal. 46.5% of the students always have meals pleasantly, while 22.8% of the students have meals without any particular feelings. 74.6% of the students always eat proper amount. 51.3% of the students turned out to eat snacks between meals out of hunger (50.7%) once a day with their friends(59.8%). 61.8% of the students believe that their tastes are affected by their parents and 57.8% of the students are aware of their unbalanced diet to be corrected. In summary, to provide satisfactory school food service for students, the improvements in the facilities and hygienic standard and the taste and nutrition have to be preceded, and the students have to be advised about the healthy dietary habits and the hazard of biased diet.