• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.153-162
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• 2013

This paper proposes the most simple method for optimal solution of the transshipment problem. Usually the transshipment problem is solved by direct linear programming or TSM (Transportation Simplex Method). The method using TSM has two steps. First it is to get a initial solution using NCM, LCM, or VAM, second to refine the initial solution using MOD or SSM. However the steps is complex and difficult. The proposed method applies the method that transforms transshipment problem to transportation problem. In the proposed method it simply selects the minimum cost of rows about transportation problem, and then it applies the method that assigns a transported volume as an ascending sort of the costs of rows about the selected costs. Our method makes to be very fast got the initial value. Also we uses the method that controls assignment volume, if a heavy item of cost is assigned to a transported volume and it has a condition to be able to transform to more lower cost. The proposed algorithm simply got the optimal solution with applying to 11 transshipment problem.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2012

In case of treating the functional type of anterior cross bite, removing the cause in early stage prevents from turning to skeletal type, leads to perform normal function, and has improved facial appearance. Functional Regulator III (FR III), one kind of the Functional regulator(FR)s suggested by R$\ddot{o}$lf Fr$\ddot{a}$nkel in 1966, applied to patients with the functional and skeletal anterior crossbite in early mixed, and permanent dentition. This appliance improves unbalanced power condition by blocking abnormal muscle-power effect, so that normal growth can be expected. In this case report, favorable results were obtained by selecting clinical cases of children in their early mixed dentition with functional cross bite. 1. FR IIIs were applied to patients with anterior crossbite for 5~6 months. Anterior crossbite patients were corrected favorably, nevertheless they didn't show any horizontal skeletal-changes by buccal shields. 2. Normal occlusion and esthetic facial contour were achieved from dental movement of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth while the mandible rotates to posterior and inferior direction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

This study was carried on the preferences for food intake pattern of Korean industrial workers. The survey was conducted from Feb 17, to March 31, 1992 by questionnaires which was composed of 21 items. The subjects of this study were composed of 426 clerical workers, and 439 physical workers. The results were obtained as follows. 1. In the educational background, clerical workers was almost of highschool or collage graduates, and physical workers was almost of highschool graduates. Marginal food cost of per person for lunch a day was from 500 Won to 1,000 Won. They replied that amount of staple food and side dishes were appropriate, and the type of preferable foods was Korean style cooked rice. Also it was known that physical workers thought their nutritive condition more badly than that of clerical workers. So the physical workers considered their health very much when they had meal. It was represented that unbalanced diet, without diet and drinking alcohol effected badly to food intake and taste of food was the most important point in food intake. 2. Preferences for staple foods; Cooked rice was preferred the most by the subjects. Cooked rice with redbean was preferred by clerical workers and cooked rice with soybean was preferred by physical workers and cooked rice with soybean was preferred by physical workers. Also clerical and physical workers liked Kalkooksoo (hot noodle), Nangmyun (cold noodle), bread, vegetable bread and disliked Sphagetti, Ramyun (Instant noodle) in same rate. In the next, cooked rice covered with raw fish pieces (Sushi) was preferred by clerical workers and Mandu-kook was preferred by physical workers. Also they disliked Curriedrice and Hashrice in same pattern. 3. Preference for side-dishes; The Acceptances for side-dishes were high soybean paste soup (clerical workers:43.7%, physical workers:34.4%), Kim chi stew, fried potatoes, crab steaming (37.8%, 36.9%), broiled fish (34.6%, 33.9%), fried green pepper, Ham, Chinese cabbage Kim chi, and pickled garlic by clerical and physical workers all together. But in clerical workers, Wooghugi beef-rib tang, Deodeok muchim, spinach namul, beef jangjeorim, fried shrimp were shown to have high preference in physical workers, beef-rib tang, wild onion and shepherd's purses muchim, soybean sprout, fish jeorim, fried sweet potatoes were high preference. 4. Preference of Snacks; The preferences for snacks were high in strawberry (clerical:36.3%, physical:34.3%), milk (49.9%, 44.4%), waxy rice Doek (30.7%, 30.2%), coffee (40.1%, 38.9%) by two groups in same order.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2020

The vertical garden is an environment where plants have many limitations in their growth. In particular, the upper and lower parts of the foundation are characterized by unbalanced moisture distribution. And although it may vary depending on the installation location of the light, generally the base of the light is not in desperate need for plants to grow due to shade. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical characteristics of the vertical garden based on Felt through experiments, classify the location characteristics of the media, and suggest the method of installing the water quantity water frequency, and lighting according to the location characteristics of the foundation. As a result, it was found to be most appropriate to use a 4mm base for the vertical garden and to have an irrigation of about 10 minutes once every 6 hours. In addition, it was found that in order to create a light condition for sufficient growth of plants, light bulbs should be installed at the upper and lower parts of the foundation. As a result of irrigation and lighting tests, the results of the above-mentioned plants need to be referred to in selecting plants that are introduced to vertical gardens, as the results show that the upper part of the foundation has a lower moisture rate and a stronger light than the lower part, and the lower part has a higher moisture rate and a weaker light than the upper part. In the future, we would like to present more accurate methods of selecting and maintaining plants by conducting plant experiments using the underlying characteristics found in this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2001

Milk constituents and somatic cell count (SCC) were analysed for 4,059 milk samples from 178 dairy farms from April to December in 1999. Correlations among each milk constituents, milk urea (MU) concentration and SCC in association with lactation stage, milk yield and parity, and balancing status of nutrients' supplies were analysed, and the results are summarized as follows; Averages of milk fat percent, total solids percent and milk yield were $3.72{\pm}0.91%$, $12.50{\pm}1.31%$ and $23.80{\pm}8.54kg$, respectively, whereas those were significantly lower during the summer season. In contrast, average of MU concentration was $0.0361{\pm}0.0006%$ which was significantly higher during the summer season. With milk yield, concentrations of fat, protein and SCC in milk decreased but concentrations of lactose and urea in milk and body condition score (BCS) were not altered. Concentrations of fat, protein, lactose, total solids, SNF, and urea in milk were significantly affected by stage of lactation ($P{\leq}0.0001$) but SCC was not changed. Parity of dairy cows had a significant effect on concentrations of fat ($P{\leq}0.02$), lactose ($P{\leq}0.0001$), total solids ($P{\leq}0.002$), and SNF ($P{\leq}0.0001$) in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0005$) but did not change concentrations of urea and protein in milk. Somatic cell count had significant positive correlationship with percentages of fat, protein and total solids ($P{\leq}0.0001$), respectively, but had negative correlationship with percentages of urea and lactose in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$). Milk urea concentration was negatively correlated with concentrations of protein, fat, total solids, and SNF in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$) and, according to regression analysis using milk urea concentration and SCC, following equation was obtained; $Y(MU)=3.688{\times}10^{-2}-4.04{\times}10^{-7}{\times}X(SCC{\times}1,000)(r^2=0.0038$, $P{\leq}0.0001$). We studied balance between protein and energy supplies to dairy cows in each farm based upon milk urea and protein concentrations, and results showed that 137 of total 178 farms fed cows unbalanced amounts of dietary protein and energy.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.374-385
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• 2008

A study has been performed to provide the basic information about the current dietary habits, health related behaviors, and body indices and to bring forward the importance of this information to the people's attention based upon the relation between employee's life patterns and health conditions in their daily lives. Three hundred and five department store workers were examined from August 2006 to September 2006. With the average BMI values $23.9{\pm}2.2$ for males and $20.0{\pm}1.9$ for females, both gender groups were in normal, but 62.2% of the males were overweight and 15.4% of the females were under-weight. Regarding dietary and health related factors on how they perceive themselves, as normal were 204 (66.9%) the most and bad and very bad were respectively 43 (14.1%) and 5 (1.6%). Half of the subjects (43.2%) perceived sleeping hours to be insufficient, and 64.4% of them need to exercise regularly. As problems related to eating habits, they reported irregular meal times, overeating, preference of hot and spicy food, skipping meal, unbalanced meals. Regarding weight control they have attempted were the most (73.0%), after weight reduction, 51.2% of the subjects had side effects, such as gastrointestinal troubles, anemia, dizziness, sense of fatigue, constipation, physiological disorder, and diarrhea, etc. In the food habit score, it was shown that overall average score of the subjects was $62.63{\pm}9.86$ which is lower than other studies. Female ($62.76{\pm}10.15$) had better score than male ($61.67{\pm}8.06$). While the item with the highest point was eat all three meals of the day, that was the lowest point, exercise every day. The food habit score of the younger group had lower than older group, and also they preferred sweet foods to other group. The results suggest that nutrition education for workers at specific working fields needs to be more focused on the improvement of dietary habits and health status of workers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.686-686
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• 2013

Automotive turbochargers have become common in gasoline engines as well as diesel engines. They are excellent devices to effectively increase fuel efficiency and power of the engines, but they unfortunately cause several noise problems. The noises are classified into mechanical noises induced from movement of a rotating shaft and aerodynamic noises by air flow in turbochargers. In addition to, there is a mechanical noise caused from movement of an actuator, electronically controlling a wastegate valve. It is called as valve rattle noise. The actuator is connected to a valve through a linkage. The noise occurs only if the valve is open, where the linkage is freely contact to neighbor structures without being constrained by any external forces. This condition allows impacts by the pulsation of exhaust gas, and the vibration from the impacts spreads out through turbine housing, causing the rattle noise. The noise is not in mechanical operating wastegate turbochargers because the linkage of an actuator is strongly connected by actuating force. For the electronic wastegate turbocharger, this paper proposed a test device to show the noise generating mechanism with a small vibration motor having an unbalanced shaft. It also shows how to reduce the noise - reduction of linkage clearances, inserting wave washers into a connection, and applying loose fitting in bushing embracing a valve lever to turbine housing.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.263-268
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to propose a model which is suitable for the actual delivery system by designing a fetal delivery hospital operation management and fetal health classification model. The number of deaths during childbirth is similar to the number of maternal mortality rate of 295,000 as of 2017. Among those numbers, 94% of deaths are preventable in most cases. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a model that predicts the health condition of the fetus using data like heart rate of fetuses, fetal movements, uterine contractions, etc. that are extracted from the Cardiotocograms(CTG) test using a random forest. If the redundancy of the data is unbalanced, This proposed model guarantees a stable management of the fetal delivery health management system. To secure the accuracy of the fetal delivery health management system, we remove the outlier which embedded in the system, by setting thresholds for the upper and lower standard deviations. In addition, as the proportion of the sequence class uses the health status of fetus, a small number of classes were replicated by data-resampling to balance the classes. We had the 4~5% improvement and as the result we reached the accuracy of 97.75%. It is expected that the developed model will contribute to prevent death and effective fetal health management, also disease prevention by predicting and managing the fetus'deaths and diseases accurately in advance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.703-719
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• 2021

Purpose: We aimed to identify collaborative disaster governance through the demand and supply analysis of resources recognized by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used a descriptive study design with an online survey technique for data collection. The survey questions were developed based on focus group interviews with nurses responding to COVID-19 and expert validity testing. A 42-question online survey focusing on disaster governance was sent to nurses working in COVID-19 designated hospitals, public health offices, and schools. A total of 630 nurses participated in the survey. Demand and supply analysis was used to identify the specific components of disaster governance during a pandemic situation and analyze priority areas in disaster governance, as reported by nurses. Results: Demand and supply analysis showed that supplies procurement, cooperation, education, and environment factors clustered in the high demand and supply quadrant while labor condition, advocacy, emotional support, and workload adjustment factors clustered in the high demand but low supply quadrant, indicating a strong need in those areas of disaster governance among nurses. The nurses practicing at the public health offices and schools showed major components of disaster governance plotted in the second quadrant, indicating weak collaborative disaster governance. Conclusion: These findings show that there is an unbalanced distribution among nurses, resulting in major challenges in collaborative disaster governance during COVID-19. In the future and current pandemic, collaborative disaster governance, through improved distribution, will be useful for helping nurses to access more required resources and achieve effective pandemic response.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-123
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• 1996

The study was designed to gain necessary basic data, in order to grasp the actual condition on personal hygiene of primary school students and to help school health education and child health education data development of parents of students, the survery was carried out through this reporter's interview for mothers who have primary school pupil in KyungBug area during the period of a month from 14 the April to 30 the April 1994. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. As for general characteristics, the percent of answer mothers with 30~34 years 44.9%, and the percent of answer mothers with 35~39 years was 37.6%, 14.6% of answer mother was 40 years and over. The most house types was apartment house, that is 64.8% and independence house was 18.9%, 13.7% of answer mothers was multivalent house residents. As for level of school career, the percent of high school was 64.2% and the percent of university was 20.5%, 10.1% of answer mothers was finishment of middle school. As for religion a lack of religion was 38.4% and a Buddhist was 36.8%, a christian was 13.4%, 10.4% of answer mothers was a catholic. As for jobs, the percent of office was 33.9%, specialist and expert skiller was 17.3%, self-management was 16.0%, fishing and agrarian villiages was 11.6%, public service personnel and shool personnel was 9.1%. As for the number of sons and daughters, the percent of two was 70.5%, the percent of one was 16.0%, and the percent of male students was 54.1%. As for level of economic life middle level was 59.9%. 2. The percentage of washing hand after school hours was 66.8% and not washing hand after school hours was 33.2%. In washing hand after school hours family of independence house, mothers that have schoolcareer of university, female students, three and over of sons and daughters was high individually (p<0.05). 3. As for paring one's nails, once a ten days was 52.9% once a five days was 22.5% once a fifteen days was 19.0%, once a twenty and over was 5.6%. 4. 54.7% of primary school students of answer mother's take a bath once a few days and 31.6% take a bath once a week, 10.1% take a bath once a tendays. 5. The percentage of changing of underwear once a day was 60.9%, once a few days was 37.1%, once a week was 2.0%, as for changing of underwear, sons and daughters that has mothers with 29 years and downward, one number of sons and daughters, females students was high individually (p<0.01). 6. The percentage of haircut once a 20~30 days was 59.9%, once a 31~40 days was 17.9%, once a 40 days and over was 16.6%. As for the percentage of haircut once a 20~30 days apartment house residents, male students was high (p<0.01). 7. The percentage of experience in taking nutrition was 79.8% and the percentage of experience in taking restorative was 72.3%. As for taking nutrition, apartment house residents, one number of sons and daughters, male students was high individually (p<0.01). As for taking restorative apartment house residents, on number of sons and daughters, male students was high individually (p<0.05). 8. The percentage of habit of unbalanced diet was 44.0%, sons and daughters that have mother with 40 years and over apartment house residents, male students, one number of sons and daughters was high indivdually (p<0.05). 9. As for hygiene condition of sons and daughters, the percentage of good state of health was 65.2%, middle state of health was 3.5% bad state of health was 11.4%. In good state of health sons and daughters that have mothers with 29 years and downward, multivalent house residents, three numbers of sons and daughters, female students, high birth was high individually. 10. As for fattness of sons and daughters, existence was 18.2%. No existence was 81.8%. in existence sons and daughters who have mothers with 40 years and downward, independence house resident, special job and expert skill job, three and over number of sons and daughters, female students, low birth was high individually. 11. As for use aspect of medical facilities of sons and daughters, hospital doctors was 53.1%, drugstore was 42.3%, chinese medicine hospitals or health organization was 4.6%. In usage of drugstore, sons and daughters of mothers with 29 years, 40 years and over was 55.6%, 61.4% individully, inusage of hospital doctors 30~34 years, 34~39 tears was 64.5%, 49.1% individully (p<0.01), apartment house residents, one or two numbers of sons and daughters, male students was high individually. In the percentage of using drugstore, school career of middle school and downward, in occupation, three and over numbers of sons and daughters, low birth was high individually (p<0.05). According to the results mentioned above. An actual condition and a related matters on personal hygiene of primary school students must be used as the basis data of a health education program and a health data of a health education program and a health data related, a teaching materials development and must be helped to the health life education of parents of students and childs.