• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.340-351
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• 2019

Hot environments can affect feed intake and lactation, and the subsequent unavailability of important micronutrients to the newborn piglet can impair piglet growth, reduce the viability of newborn piglets and limit their subsequent performance. This work addresses the effects of hot environments (summer season) upon the reproductive performance of sows during gestation and lactation as well as on the serum levels of vitamins and the concentration of immunoglobulins in their litters in comparison with the winter season. Fourteen sows were evaluated over 100 ± 2 days of gestation in each season. The temperature and humidity index (THI) was used as an indirect measure of heat stress during gestation. The reproductive performance, milk yield, and body condition of the sows were recorded. The concentrations of vitamin E and vitamin A in piglets and in sow serum, colostrum, milk and feed were determined by HPLC; immunoglobulins were assessed by an ELISA. The THI index indicated that animals were subject to heat stress only in during the summer. Although the effect was not significant, there were a lower number of piglets at birth and at weaning and the milk yield in summer compared with winter. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in the body condition of sows between seasons. Season had an effect (p < 0.05) on the vitamin A concentration of postpartum sow serum (0.29 ㎍/mL in winter vs 0.21 ㎍/mL in summer) and on the vitamin E concentration before birth (2.00 ㎍/mL in winter vs 0.90 ㎍/mL in summer). Vitamin E in milk was higher (p < 0.05) in winter than in summer (2.23 vs 1.81 ㎍/mL). Serum levels of vitamins A and E in piglets at birth were lower (p < 0.05) in winter than in summer. The concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) in colostrum and milk were similar between seasons (p > 0.05), but the IgA in piglet serum was higher in winter than in summer (p < 0.05). High temperatures produced heat stress in sows, which affected certain aspects of production that can be translated into economic losses for this sector.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1928-1936
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• 2018

Recently, human infections caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), which can lead to fatality, have dramatically increased in East Asia. With the unavailability of vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent and/or treat SFTSV infection, early rapid diagnosis is critical for prevention and control of the disease. Here, we report the development of a simple, rapid and sensitive portable detection method for SFTSV infection applying reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) combined with one-pot colorimetric visualization and electro-free reaction platform. This method utilizes a pocket warmer to facilitate diagnosis in a resource-limited setting. Specific primers were designed to target the highly-conserved region of L gene of SFTSV. The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was approximately $10^0$ viral genome copies from three different SFTSV strains. This assay exhibited comparable sensitivity to qRT-PCR and 10-fold more sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR, with a rapid detection time of 30 to 60 minutes. The RT-LAMP assay using SFTSV clinical specimens has demonstrated a similar detection rate to qRT-PCR and a higher detection rate compared to conventional RT-PCR. Moreover, there was no observed cross-reactive amplification of other human infectious viruses including Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Dengue, Enterovirus, Zika, Influenza and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This highly sensitive, electro- and equipment-free rapid colorimetric visualization method is feasible for resource-limited SFTSV field diagnosis.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to research the health status of the elderly population and their perception and compliance to cook medicated juk. The results from this research will be used as basic data for medicated juk development. In addition, the purpose of this study was to find a way to popularize the juk and improve their usage as medicated juk in communal feeding and convalescent hospital for elderly. The study surveyed 300 elderly residents of age over 65, in Daejeon. The following data were collected: general characteristic, health status, perception of medicated juk, and preferred kind of juk for cooking. Moreover, the study researched the constraints in cooking the juk. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V. 18.0 and t-test verified the differences among the questions, according to frequency analysis of each item and characteristics of the aged. You might want to specify this characteristic. Within the surveyed elderly population, 80.6% had various existing diseases with circulatory diseases being the most prevalent with 68.9%. This emphasizes on the significance of proper diet, but this recognition is not put into practice. The survey also showed that as the individuals age, they tend to care less about the necessity of proper diet. Despite of this lack of perception, 84.5% of the elderly population responded positively to the question, "Would you like to have medicated juk for curing diseases, if such juk is available?" In addition, the elderly population was in favor of developing the juk that helps to prevent and cure diseases, and many were willing to cook them. The reasons behind their will to cook are arranged in the following order: higher efficacy in curing disease than regular juk, excellence in nutrition, and unavailability of the medicated juk in the stores that requires them to cook. The sources constraining the elderly population in cooking are arranged in the following order: not knowing how to cook the juk, lack of physical strength, financial burden, and lack of information order. Please clarify this part. Suggested change: not knowing what medicated juk is. Furthermore, the main obstacle in cooking the juk is lack of cooking technique, followed by inaccessibility to the ingredients and the financial burden to purchase the ingredients.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.395-406
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• 2016

Population and development are concentrated by urbanization. Consequently, the usage of underground area and the riverside area have been increased. By increasing impermeable layer, the urban basin drainage is depending on level of sewer. Flood damage is occurred by shortage of sewer capacity and poor interior drainage at river stage. Many of researches about flood stress the unavailability of connection at the river stage with the internal inundation organically. In this study, flood calculated considering rainfall and combined inland-river. Also, using urban runoff model analyze the overflow of sewer. By using results of SWMM model, using flood inundation analysis model analyzed internal drainage efficiency of drainage system. Applying SWMM model, which results to flood inundation analysis model, analyzes internal drainage efficiency of drainage system under localized heavy rain in a basin of the city. The results of SWMM model show the smoothness of internal drainage can be impossible to achieve because of the influence of the river level and sewer overflow appearing. The main manholes were selected as the manhole of a lot of overflow volume. Overflow reduction scenarios were selected for expansion of sewer conduit and instruction retention pond. Overflow volume reduces to 45% and 33~64% by retention pond instruction and sewer conduit expansion. In addition, the results of simulating of flood inundation analysis model show the flood occurrence by road runoff moving along the road slope. Flooded area reduces to 19.6%, 60.5% in sewer conduit expansion scenarios.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2017

Nepal is a landlocked mountainous country in South Asia, located between China to the north and India to the south, east, and west. As such, wastewater management has become one of the most significant problems in urban area of Nepal. In Nepal, the centralized wastewater treatment systems were dysfunctional due to high cost of operation, discontinuous power supply, lack of proper maintenance and proper technical workforce to address the issues. As such, constructed wetlands (CW) were applied to treat various secondary wastewater as alternative to wastewater treatment facilities. Generally, efficiency and sustainability of CW technology depends on proper operation and maintenance and active community involvement. This study summarizes information about 26 CW in Nepal. Specifically, factors including data banking, removal efficiency, quality of discharged water, compliance to water quality standard of Nepal and operation and maintenance were investigated. Considering removal efficiency per pollutant, Ka-1 achieved the greatest reduction for most pollutant followed by B-1, L-3, Ka-5 and K-1. Nepal has practiced CW technology for more than 2 decades but currently, development of technology was interrupted by the inefficient performance of existing facilities. Public awareness about the technology, natural disaster, unavailability of specified substrate materials, lack of fund for further research and experiments has hindered the expansion of technology. In spite of these concerns, CW was still proven as an alternative solution to the present wastewater problems in urban areas of Nepal.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2014

HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) fine-tuned many existing coding tools and adopted also many new coding techniques. As a result, HEVC has accomplished about 2 times of compression efficiency enhancement compared to the existing video coding standard of H.264/AVC. One of the newly adopted tools in HEVC is the transform skip scheme which performs quantization without transform. This technique improves coding efficiency especially with computer-generated images. However, the unavailability of global or local properties of general video signals demands encoder to decide whether performing transform or not for each TU (Transform Unit). The necessity of computing rate-distortion costs for this decision is one reason to increase encoder complexity. In this paper, a fast transform skip mode decision method is proposed, which is based on the fast decision of rate-distortion cost calculation for transform skip mode, by considering frequency characteristics of residual signal. The proposed method can reduce $4{\times}4$ TU encoding time by about 27.1% with only about 0.03% consequential decrement in BDBR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1479-1490
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• 2010

This study provides basic data for the development of jacket patterns which reflect designs corresponding to the body shape features and preferences of obese women in their 20s and 30s by understanding problems they may encounter in wearing a ready-made jacket by researching the reality of ready-made tailored jacket wearing and their design preferences. A survey was conducted by sampling 82 obese women (over $25kg/m^2$ BMI) between the ages of 20 to 39. The details of the survey consists of general information, interest rate and importance rate on clothes, reality of wearing and purchasing jackets, measurement fits per each part, and preferred designs. SPSS 14.0 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that 76.8% of obese women wore their jackets less than 5 times a month. Those in the 20s wore the jackets more frequently than those in the 30s. The reasons for not wearing jackets frequently included uncomfortableness in activities and unavailability of the correct size. A total of 55% of the total preferred the fitting to be relatively smaller than the body size or tightly fitting. Although in the past, there was a tendency to wear a loose fit to cover the body shape, currently even obese body shapes avoided the loose fit as the tight fit is the trend. In terms of the satisfaction rate for the measurements per each part of jackets, there was a low satisfaction rate for most of the items. For the circumference items such as waist length and chest size, people responded that they were too small and for the length of items such as the length of jacket and sleeve length, people responded that they were too long. This was because the readymade clothes brands increase the length of items and circumference items in uniform in the same intervals when producing large sizes. Both those in the 20s and the 30s preferred a tight fit. In terms of preferred fabric, a wool/spandex mix was most popular and then cotton/spandex. This shows that they prefer those fabrics which allow an excellent activity while maintaining the exterior well. In addition, they preferred black color with no patterns because they wanted their body size to look reduced and did not want to receive any attention.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to assess the external and internal quality traits of eggs in wholesale egg market in Colombo, Sri Lanka and the effect of storage period in egg quality traits in the same market after receiving the eggs. First, a total of 482 fresh eggs were randomly collected from the above market and external egg quality traits were determined and recorded according to the definitions given in the Specification for Chicken Egg SLS 959:1992. After that, a total of 288 fresh eggs were randomly collected and various external and internal egg quality traits were measured and recorded according to the standard procedures over a storage period of 1, 3 and 5 d after receiving the fresh eggs to the wholesale market. Information about the shops was also collected using a pretested questionnaire. Using the recorded data, shape index, Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index were calculated for each egg. Average weight, width, length and shape index of the eggs in the sample was 59.96 g, 4.33 cm, 5.78 cm and 75.03, respectively. Average shape index value was much closer to the standard value of 74. From the total sample 80.5% eggs had a normal and sound shape. However only 60.37% of the eggs are in the desirable quality range specified in SLS 959:1992, when the overall shell quality of the sample is considered based on shell cleanliness, defects and shape. The results of the current study indicated that eggs had significant (p<0.05) deterioration of all internal quality parameters tested with increasing storage time. However the effect was not significant (p>0.05) between the storage periods of 3 and 5 d after receiving eggs except for yolk color and yolk height. Desirable category of eggs had reduced and rejections had increased with the storage period. Main problems associated with the particular market were less space availability, higher percentages of dirty eggs, unavailability of proper packaging materials, no standard packaging system for eggs, and not implementing a standard grading system for eggs. Therefore the results of this study suggest that proper egg handling and storage conditions such as low temperature storage may be implemented to increase the proportion of desirable quality eggs in the above market.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.1 s.33
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• pp.15-26
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• 2005

As one of the lightweight software development methodology, the XP (Extreme Programming) is the practical means to improve the productivity and qualify of software through the pursuit of 4 values - communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage. It appears, however, the TDD (Test Driven Development). one of the practices of in. has a problem. which is the unavailability of the test driven development in case of the prolonged period of testing or the failure of securing the independency of the test cases. This results in the emphasis on the importance of the Mock Objects recently. The Mock Objects, the one imitating the faulty real code, has the fundamentals of simplicity allowing even manual script but. due to the inefficiency of manual script of the Mock Objects in a real life, it is implemented the Mock Objects Generator such as Mockotjects, EasyMock in Java. It Is found difficult, however to apply the Mock Objects in C language due to its object -oriented Premise as well as the absence of mock objects generators for C language. Therefore, in this Paper it is presented the CMock, a Mock Objects generator fer C language which allows the easy creation of the Mock Objects, and the study is performed to verify the efficiency accordingly.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 2018

The improvement in logistics competitiveness is the key element of corporate competitiveness in the era of severe competition among companies and high oil prices due to globalization. For this reason, this study analyzed the effect of transportation mode selection factors of Indonesian export companies on the logistic performance in accordance with the logistics environment. The results of the analysis show that only the cargo characteristics, which are the transportation mode selection factor of export companies, had a significant effect on logistics; the services, time, and expenses, on the other hand, had no effect on logistics performances. This result reflects the poor logistic infrastructure of Indonesia. While the export company considers service, time, and expenses when choosing transportation mode, it had no effect on logistic performances due to poor logistic infrastructure. The poor logistic infrastructure of Indonesia has caused a rise in the overall logistic expenses of companies due to excessive transportation time over the transportation distance, unavailability of on-time acceptance and delivery, and increase in the transportation expenses and subsidiary expenses. These are also the factors that decrease the competitiveness of export companies and affect the promotion of the manufacturing industry and foreign investment for the purpose of job creation and industrialization by the Indonesian government. Therefore, the logistics infrastructure must be improved initially. This study determines various points in terms of the logistics infrastructure environment of Indonesia, a developing country, using previous studies and provides their implications.