• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-stretching exercises for iliotibial band (ITB) (Side-lying; right hip and knee were flexed to support the pelvis while left hip was extended and adducted, Standing A; side-bending of the trunk on standing with crossed leg, Standing B; same as Standing A, except the hands were clasped overhead and shifted right side, and Standing C; same as Standing B, except moving the arms diagonally downward) to help determine the most effective self-stretching method to stretch ITB. Twenty-one healthy subjects who do not have ITB shortness from Yonsei University (14 men and 7 women) between the ages of 18 to 28 years voluntarily participated. Ultrasound was performed to measure the thickness of the ITB between the long axis of the ITB and the level parallel to the lateral femoral epicondyle during four self-stretching exercises. All data were found to approximate a normal distribution. We used a one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the thickness of the ITB among all self-stretching exercises. The level of significance was set at ${\alpha}$=.05. The ANOVA was followed by Bonferroni's correction. The overall mean of ITB thickness was $1.14{\pm}.4$ mm (${\pm}$ standard deviation) in resting status. The change in the ITB thickness in percentages between the tested position of each self-stretching exercises and resting status was significant (p<.05) (Side-lying $26.62{\pm}10.18%$ with 95% confidence interval [CI]=21.99~31.25%; Standing A $29.46{\pm}16.19%$ with 95% CI=22.09~36.84%; Standing B $44.06{\pm}14.82%$ with 95% CI=37.31~50.81%; Standing C $53.76{\pm}12.1%$ with 95% CI=48.25~59.29%). Results indicated significant differences among four self-stretching exercises except Side-lying versus Standing A (p<.01). Based on these findings, the Standing C self-stretching exercise was the most effective in stretching the ITB thickness among four types of ITB self-stretching exercises. Additionally, the Side-lying self-stretching exercise using gravity to stretch the ITB is recommended as a low-load (low-intensity), long-duration stretch.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2014

This study presents the estimates of heritabilities of body measurement traits and carcass traits, and genetic and phenotypic correlations of those traits for crossbred pigs in Korea. Body and ultrasound (A mode: Piglog 105) measurements in 221 pigs including body weight, length, height and width, three back fat thickness at the points of 4th, 14th rib and chine bone, eye muscle area and lean meat percent were collected at the ages of 70, 145 and 180 days and then slaughtered to measure carcass weight, back fat, belly, collar butt, spare rib, picnic shoulder, hind leg, loin, tenderloin, lean meat yield and intramuscular rough fat content in loin. Genetic analysis was done using a multi-trait animal model. Heritabilties of the body measurements were ranged from 0.331 to 0.559 and three measurements of back fat thickness were also high as range varying from 0.402 to 0.475 for the ages of 145 and 180 days. However, eye muscle area was moderate (0.296) at the age of 180 days. Heritabilities of retail cut yields were also high as ranged from 0.387 to 0.474 and of IMF content in loin was 0.499. Heritabilities of the cut percent traits were ranged from 0.249 to 0.488. Important positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were noted for all carcass yield traits (0.298 to 0.875 and 0.432 to 0.922, respectively). IMF showed low negative genetic correlations with carcass yield traits, such as carcass weight, picnic shoulder, hind leg, loin, tenderloin and lean meat yield whereas low positive genetic correlations with back fat, belly, collar butt and spare rib. Loin, tenderloin and lean meat percent showed negative genetic correlations with carcass weight, back fat thickness, collar butt, spare rib and picnic shoulder percent. The four body measurements at the ages of 70, 145 and 180 days had positive genetic correlations with belly, shoulder butt, spare rib, picnic shoulder and hind leg percent, but negative genetic correlations were shown with loin and tenderloin percent except body measurements at 70 days. The results suggest that carcass yield are negatively correlated with intramuscular fat content, which is a major factor deciding pork quality and the yield of loin and tenderloin are not increased as much as increase in body size. However, the proportions of belly and collar butt are increased with the body size. In conclusion, selection strategy should be designed according to the preference on composition of carcass in each country.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.128-136
• /
• 2023

Background: The authors aimed to compare the effects of a one-time ultrasound (US)-guided subacromial corticosteroid injection and three-time ozone (O₂-O₃) injection in patients with chronic supraspinatus tendinopathy. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the corticosteroid group (n = 22) or ozone group (n = 22). Injections in both groups were administered into subacromial bursa with an US-guided in-plane posterolateral approach. Primary outcome measure was the change in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) score between baseline and 12-weeks post-injection. Secondary outcome measures included visual analog scale and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores. Assessments were recorded at baseline, and 4-weeks and 12-weeks post-injection. Results: Forty participants completed this study. Based on repeated measurement analysis of variance, a significant effect of time was found for all outcome measures in both groups. Both the groups showed clinically significant improvements in shoulder pain, quality of life, and function. Baseline, 4-week post-injection, and 12-week post-injection WORC scores (mean ± standard deviation) were 57.91 ± 18.97, 39.10 ± 20.50 and 37.22 ± 27.31 in the corticosteroid group, respectively and 69.03 ± 15.89, 39.11 ± 24.36, and 32.26 ± 24.58 in the ozone group, respectively. However, no significant group × time interaction was identified regarding all outcome measures. Conclusions: Three-time ozone injection was not superior to a one-time corticosteroid injection in patients with chronic supraspinatus tendinopathy. It might be as effective as corticosteroid injection at 4-weeks and 12-weeks post-injection in terms of relieving pain and improving quality of life and function.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.568-572
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to show at the fractal analysis complements the practical disadvantage of gray level histogram which is designed to measure the quantitative classification of echo patterns in ultrasonographic image of parenchymal organs such as spleen and kidney and it is a practical method of measurement for quantitative classification. By using ultrasonographs, kidney and spleen of 21 healthy Beagles were fixed under different gain settings to be scanned for echo patterns and results were analyzed with body gray level histogram and fractal analysis. Then it was compared based on the statistical data obtained. Although there was a proportionate increase in histogram along with gain settings, there were consistencies in the fractal dimension. In terms of quantitative analysis in ultrasonographic images, fractal analysis is concluded to complement the practical disadvantage of gray level histogram.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 2016

Background: Strengthening the supraspinatus is an important aspect of a rehabilitation program for subacromial impingement and tendinopathy. Many authors recommended empty-can (EC), full-can (FC), and prone full-can (PFC) exercises to strengthen the supraspinatus. However, no ultrasonography study has yet investigated supraspinatus muscle architecture (muscle thickness; MT, pennation angle; PA, fiber bundle length; FBL) in relation to supraspinatus strengthening exercises. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the architecture (MT, PA, and FBL) of the supraspinatus muscle during three different types of exercises (EC, FC, and PFC) using diagnostic ultrasound. Methods: Participants performed three different exercises: (A) EC; the arm was maintained at $60^{\circ}$ abduction with full internal rotation in the sitting position, (B) FC; the arm was maintained at $60^{\circ}$ abduction with full external rotation in the sitting position, and (C) PFC; the arm was maintained at $60^{\circ}$ abduction with full external rotation in the prone position. Ultrasonography was used to measure the MT, PA and FBL of the supraspinatus. One-way repeated analysis of variance with Bonferroni's post-hoc test was used to compare between the three exercises and the initial position of each exercise. Results: Compared with each initial position, the FC exercise showed the greatest mean difference in muscle architecture properties and the PFC exercise showed the least mean difference. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the FC exercise position may have an advantage in increasing the amount of contractile tissue or producing muscle power and the PFC exercise position may be useful in a rehabilitation program because it offers the advantage of maintaining the muscle architecture properties.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2018

Background: The craniocervical flexion (CCF) exercise is one of the effective exercise in correcting forward head posture (FHP). However, some people with FHP achieve CCF with compensatory movements, for example, low cervical flexion using superficial neck flexors such as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. No study has yet investigated whether a dual­pres ure biofeedback unit (D-PBU) method to prevent low cervical flexion would be helpful in performing pure CCF movement. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the CCF using D-PBU method and the traditional CCF method on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the longus colli muscle (LCM) and the activity of SCM muscle in subjects with FHP. Methods: Twenty­four FHP subjects (male: 16, female: 8) were recruited for this study. All subjects performed CCF using two different methods: the traditional CCF method and the CCF using D-PBU method. The CSA of the LCM was measured via ultrasound, and surface electromyography was used to measure SCM muscle activity. Results: The change in CSA of the LCM was significantly larger during the CCF using D-PBU method ($1.28{\pm}.09$) compared with the traditional CCF method ($1.19{\pm}.08$) (p<.05). The SCM muscle activity using the CCF using D-PBU method ($2.01{\pm}1.97$ %MVIC) was significantly lower than when using the traditional CCF method ($2.79{\pm}2.32$ %MVIC) (p<.05). Conclusion: The CCF using D-PBU method can be recommended for increasing LCM activation and decreasing SCM muscle activity during CCF movement in subjects with FHP.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.362-367
• /
• 2005

후방복사된 초음파의 입사각 의존성(프로파일)은 입사지역이 다층경계이거나 깊이방향으로 물성변화가 있을 때 주파수 의존적이다. 지금까지 측정된 후방복사 프로파일은 주로 사용된 탐촉자의 중심 주파수의 특성에 의존하여 표면탄성파의 전반적인 주파수 의존 특성을 이해하는 데는 어려움이 많았다. 디지털 오실로스코프의 DFP(digital filter package)를 이용하여 주파수 대역별 후방복사 프로파일이 실시간 획득되었다. #1200 사포로 표면 처리된 상업적 강재 시편에 대한 주파수 대역별 측정으로부터 표면탄성파가 2% 정도의 음의 기울기(loaded case) 속도 분산성이 있음을 알았고 심하게 녹이 쓴 시편에서는 주파수 대역별로 프로파일의 형태에 큰 변화를 보였다. 주파수 대역별 후방복사 프로파일은 분산성을 가진 표면지역에 대한 비파괴적 평가에 매우 유용할 것으로 본다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.304-310
• /
• 2005

용접부 및 구조물에 발생된 결함의 깊이를 정밀하게 측정하기 위한 노력은 현재까지 계속되어 왔으며 앞으로도 계속되어야 할 연구분야중의 하나이다. TOFD 검사기법은 현재까지 결함의 깊이를 측정하기 위한 여러 가지 검사 방법중에 가장 정밀한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 사용하는 초음파 굴절각에 따른 빔의 도달범위에 의하여 결함을 놓칠 우려가 있다. 본 여구에서는 일반적인 TOFD 기법대신 위상배열 초음파 기법을 이용한 TOFD 검사를 적용하여 두께가 두꺼운 검사대상에 대하여 결함의 검출능 및 깊이 측정결과를 비교하였다. 위상배열 초음파를 이용한 TOFD 검사를 사용함으로써 다양한 결함에 대하여 검출능 및 정확한 깊이 측정이 가능함을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 위상배열 TOFD 기법은 발전설비의 압력용기와 같은 두꺼운 검사대상에 적용될 경우 검사 신뢰도 향상에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.37-40
• /
• 2001

Background: It had been reported by authors that linear polarized infrared light radiation (Superizer: SL) near the stellate ganglion had a similar effect on the change of skin temperature of hand compared with the stellate ganglion block (SGB). We hypothesized that this was due to dilatation of vessels and an increased blood flow. The aim of this study was to measure the velocity of blood flow in peripheral vessels after linear polarized infrared light radiation near the stellate ganglion and to compare the effect of SL with that of SGB using local anesthetics. Methods: Forty patients whose clinical criteria were matched for the symptoms of SGB were selected for study. We radiated the stellate ganglion by linear polarized infrared light radiation and measured the blood flow of radial artery using Ultrasound Doppler blood flow meter before and after 10, 20 and 30 minutes post-radiation. After 3 days, SGB was performed using 8 ml of 1% mepivacaine to the same patient, and the radial artery blood flow was measured in the same manner. Results: The blood flow velocity was increased by 40% and 27% at 10 min and 20 min after SL and by 42% and 41% at 10 min and 20 min after SGB. However, there was no statistically significant difference in blood flow velocity between SGL and SGB. Conclusions: We could conclude that linear polarized radiation is a clinically simple and useful noninvasive therapeutic tool in clinical area.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.2073-2078
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 선 자세에서 팔굽관절 각도에 따른 악력과 위팔노근의 두께 변화를 확인하여 팔굽관절 각도가 악력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 건강한 대학생 30명을 선별한 후, 선 자세에서 팔굽관절 $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$ 굽힘을 취하게 하고 각각의 최대악력과 위팔노근 두께를 전자악력계와 초음파 영상 진단 장비를 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 남자 대학생과 여자대학생 모두 팔굽관절 각도가 $0^{\circ}$일 때 악력이 가장 컸으며, 각도가 증가할수록 악력이 감소하였으나, 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 없었다(p<.05). 남자대학생과 여자대학생 모두 팔굽관절 각도가 $0^{\circ}$일 때 위팔노근의 두께가 가장 작았으며, 각도가 증가할수록 위팔노근의 두께가 증가하였으며 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 본 연구의 결과를 통해 팔굽관절 각도변화가 악력에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않으나, 위팔노근의 두께에는 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.