• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2006

PURPOSE: Previous studies have documented the lack of ultrasound's non-thermal effects on nerve conduction using frequencies of 1 MHz and 870 kHz. The purpose of this study was to determine the biophysical effects of continuous ultrasound on median local forearm temperature and motor nerve conduction velocities using frequencies of 3.0 MHz. SUBJECTS: Twelve healthy subjects (6 males, 6 females, age $22.30{\pm}2.41$ yrs, weight $61.33{\pm}10.16$ kg, height $167.58{\pm}8.04$ cm) without a history of neurological or musculoskeletal injury to their dominant arm volunteered for this study. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Each subject received a total of five treatments, one each at .0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 W/$cm^2$ of 3 MHz continuous ultrasound on the anterior surface of the middle area of dominant forearm for 10 minutes. Dependent measures for forearm local temperature and median motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were taken pretreatment and immediately post-treatment. One-way ANOVA were used for each dependent measure. RESULTS: The posttreatment forearm local temperature were differed significantly (p<0.001) between intensities of ultrasound. The posttreatment forearm local temperature of the ultrasound treated with 1.0 w/$cm^2$, 1.5 w/$cm^2$ and 2.0 w/$cm^2$ were significantly higher than 0.5 w/$cm^2$ and 0.0 w/$cm^2$ of ultrasound (p<0.05). The posttreatment median MNCV were differed significantly from the respective pretreatment velocities (p<0.001). The MNCV of the ultrasound treated with 0.0 w/$cm^2$ and 0.5 w/$cm^2$ were significantly (p<0.05) slower than that observed pretreatment, while the three ultrasound intensities produced significantly increased posttreatment MNCV: 1.0 w/$cm^2$ and 1.5 w/$cm^2$ and 2.0 W/$cm^2$. The posttreatment MNCV at 2.0 w/$cm^2$ and 1.5 w/$cm^2$ was significantly faster than that at 0 w/$cm^2$, 0.5 w/$cm^2$ and 1.0 w/$cm^2$ (p<0.05), the MNCV at 1.0 w/$cm^2$ was significantly faster than that associated with 0 w/$cm^2$ and 0.5 w/$cm^2$ of ultrasound (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The decreased median motor forearm local temperature and MNCV of the ultrasound treated with 0.0 w/$cm^2$ and 0.5 w/$cm^2$ were attributed to the cooling effect by ultrasound transmission gel. Local forearm temperature and nerve conduction velocity were directly related to the intensity of ultrasound. Alterations in MNCV from ultrasound on healthy nerves appeared to be related to temperature changes induced by thermal effects of ultrasound.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.227-230
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 2차원 초음파 시스템의 체적 측정 정확성을 측정하기 위한 초음파 팬텀을 설계 및 제작하였다. 팬텀은 체적 측정용 타겟과 백그라운드 물질로 구성되었다. 백그라운드 물질은 agarose gel과 물을 혼합하여 만들었다. 타켓은 모양과 부피를 변화시키기 위하여 신축성 있는 물질로 선택하였고 타겟에 물을 채운 후 백그라운드 물질에 삽입하였다. 2차원 초음파 시스템의 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 세가지 형태의 타겟(구형, 2가지 형태의 타원형, 삼각 기둥형)을 제작하였다. 타원형의 경우, 하나는 길이와 폭의 크기가 비슷하도록 제작하였고(타원 1) 다른 하나는 길이가 폭보다 2배 이상인 모양(타원 2)으로 제작하였다. 각각 형태의 타겟 부피는 94 cc에서 450 cc까지 변화하였고 2차원 초음파 장비(128XP, ACUSON)를 이용하여 정확성을 측정하였다. 구 모양의 타겟에 삽입된 물의 실제 체적과 측정된 체적 간의 차는 6.7에서 11% 이다. 타원형 타겟의 경우 타원 1은 9.2에서 10.5% 사이의 차이를 보이는데 타원 2의 경우는 25.7%의 오차가 있다. 삼각기둥 형태의 경우는 실제체적과 측정체적간 20.8에서 35%의 차이를 보였다. 쉽고 간편한 방법의 초음파 팬텀의 제작 방법을 소개하였고 제작된 팬텀을 이용할 경우 초음파 시스템의 부피 측정 정확성을 평가할 수 있음을 입증하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2020

고강도 집중 초음파(High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, HIFU) 치료에서 HIFU 초점의 효과적인 위치 파악은 안전한 치료 계획을 개발하는 데 중요하다. 자기 공명 영상 유도 HIFU(Magnetic Resonance Imaging guided HIFU, MRIgHIFU)는 HIFU 초점을 영상화하여 치료 중에 초음파 경로를 시각화 할 수 있지만 초음파 이미징 유도 HIFU(Ultrasound imaging guided HIFU, USIgHIFU)에서는 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 USIgHIFU에 대해 HIFU 초점을 영상화할 수 있는 실시간 초음파 빔 시각화 기법을 제시 하였다. 제안 된 방법에서, 음향 강도(Ispta < 720 mW/㎠) 아래의 이미징 초음파 변환자의 동일한 중심 주파수를 갖는 짧은 펄스가 HIFU 변환기를 통해 전송되고, HIFU 빔 경로를 시각화하기 위해 수신 신호는 동적 수신 포커싱 및 후속 에코 처리를 거쳤다. 소 혈청 알부민 젤 팬텀을 이용한 생체외 실험으로부터, HIFU 빔 경로는 낮은 음향 강도 (Ispta = 94.8 mW/㎠)에서도 명확히 영상화 할 수 있었고 HIFU 초점은 손상이 생성되기 전에 성공적으로 시각화하였다. 이 결과는 제안 된 초음파 빔 경로 시각화 방법이 USIgHIFU 치료에서 원치 않는 조직 손상을 최소화하면서 실시간으로 HIFU 초점을 영상화하는 데 사용될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.957-964
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• 2023

본 연구는 시중에 판매되고 있는 다양한 성분과 제형의 손 소독제들을 전파 매질로 활용하여 초음파 검사를 진행한 후 획득한 영상을 평가·비교하여 기존의 초음파 젤의 대체 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 방법으로는 점도가 낮은 liquid type을 제외한 gel type, cream type, foam type의 제형의 제품들을 선정해 에탄올 62% gel type 1개와 cream type 1개, 벤잘코늄 염화물 0.066% cream type 1개와 foam type 1개를 각각 초음파 매질로 사용하여, 축방향 & 측방향 분해능, 투과심도, probe와 phantom 사이의 공기층 형성유무에 관한 영상 평가를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 축방향 & 측방향 분해능 평가와 투과심도 평가에서 4개 실험군 모두 평가 기준에 적합한 결과가 나왔다. 그러나 foam type의 경우 분해능과 투과심도의 평가 기준에는 적합하지만 영상 평가 시 관찰 중심부를 제외한 양 측면부에서 어두운 음영으로 나타났다. 해당 실험을 통해 foam type을 제외한 나머지 3종의 손 소독제는 초음파 젤을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2001

($Ba_{0.7}Sr_{0.3})TiO_3$박막을 ITO-coated glass 기판위에 spin-coating법으로 제조하였다. 제조된 용액을 초음파 bath 내에서 초음파 처리하여 균일화를 촉진시킨 후 박막을 제조하여 초음파 처리하지 않은 용액으로 제조한 박막과의 비교를 통하여 초음파 효과를 알아보았다. 용액의 초음파 처리로 박막의 결정화 온도를 다소 낮추었으며 박막의 표면이 보다 균일하고 치밀화되었고 거칠기도 8.4nm에서 5.6nm로 더 낮아졌다. 그리고 박막의 투광성 및 전기적 특성 또한 용액의 초음파 처리로 인하여 향상되었다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2003

This study was investigated the effects on functional recovery of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage by phonophoresis transdermal permeation of piroxicam gel and observed the change of amplitude at muscle action potential. Through eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage, performed healthy men and women take eccentric resistance exercise and measured action, potentials. The subjects were divided into three groups of four men each 24 hour, 48 hour, 72 hour. The results of this were as follows: 1. Change of maximal action potential at maximal voluntary contraction : The phonophoresis group was increase more than control group and gel group. 2. Change of average action potential at maximal voluntary contraction : The gel group was increase more than control group and phonophoresis group. 3. Change of maximal action potential at pain subthreshold voluntary contraction : The phonophoresis group was increase more significantly than control group and gel group. 4. Change of average action potential at pain subthreshold voluntary contraction : The phonophoresis group was increase more significantly than control group and gel group. In conclusion, the change of muscle action potential amplitude by eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage showed that the phonophoresis by pulsed ultrasound of piroxicam gel was improved the recovery of muscle function.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1997

The use of therapeutic ultrasound(US) in humans with malignant neoplasms has been contraindicated in physical therapy practice. Some studies have shown that results after application of US differ according to tumor type and penetration depth. The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of US on melanoma in mice and to determine treatment dosage. Twenty-four female C57BL/6 mice, age 8 weeks. The right flank of all mice was shaved, and a 0.1 ml suspension of cells was injected subcutaneously into the animals' right flank. In this study, 24 subjects were randomly divided into three groups: experimental group 1(n=8), experimental group 2(n=8), control group(n=8). In the experimental group 1, animals received continuous 3 MHZ US treatment, administered at $2.0W/cm^2$ for five minutes. In experimental group 2, animals received continuous 3 MHz US treatment, administered at $1.0W/cm^2$ for 5 minutes. The control group received the same handling as other experimental groups, including rodent chow, water, US gel application but US head pressure without the power turned on. After 10 days treatment, all mice were killed with a potassium solution. Tumors were excised and weighed on an electrical balance and fixed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. Tumor weights were smaller in experimental group 2(0.3838 g) than in the control group(0.6275 g). Tumor weights of the experimental group 1(0.015 g) were smaller than those of experimental group 2. Continuous therapeutic US decreased the weight of subcutaneous melanoma tumors in mice. The treatment dosage($2.0W/cm^2$) we suggest was more effective than earlier studies on decreasing tumor size with ultrasound.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2019

Background and Objectives High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can produce small zones of thermal damage. A HIFU procedure is non-invasive and it can achieve rejuvenation of facial skin. Fractional CO₂ laser resurfacing delivers thermal damage to the pixilated columnar zone of the skin and so evoke collagen remodeling, the same as HIFU. In many cases, the patients who want rejuvenation with HIFU are also good candidates for cutaneous photorejuvenation such as can be accomplished via fractional CO₂ resurfacing. If patients are treated in a single session by remodeling both the superficial and deep compartments of skin by using both modalities, then improvement in rhytides and tightening of sagging skin will optimize the aesthetic result. Materials and Methods Between May 2014 and January 2018, a total of 44 patients were treated with combination HIFU and fractional CO₂ laser resurfacing according to our protocol. First, the HIFU was applied to the entire face with an average of 300 treatment lines. Immediately after HIFU treatment, the ultrasound gel was washed off and then fractional CO₂ laser resurfacing was performed. We evaluated the patients using 4-point grading scales. The clinician examined the skin for evidence of complications after the completion of treatment. Results All the patients' skin quality showed improvement. Further. the clinical results after duel modality treatment were substantially better than that after the use of either modality alone. The recovery times and the incidence of adverse events when quickly and consecutively performing both treatments were similar as compared to those with employing stepwise treatment. We encountered no complications whatsoever. Conclusion When compared with stepwise therapy, combination therapy with HIFU and fractional CO₂ resurfacing offers better, safer and more effective clinical results. Thus, for targeting multiple layers of aging facial skin, this combination therapy can be safely performed in a single treatment session.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.495-500
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• 1999

[ $\lambda$ ]-carrageenan 고유의 특성을 유지하면서 용해성을 높인 저분자 $\lambda$-carrageenan을 제조하여 보다 효율적으로 식품산업에 이용하기 위하여 초음파를 이용하여 $\lambda$-carrageenan을 저분자화하는 최적조건을 조사한 결과 $\lambda$-carrageenan의 초음파 처리시 각 처리조건들과 저분자화 효과와의 상관관계를 나타내는 반응표면식을 구한 결과, carrageenan 농도와 초음파 강도가 저분자화에 미치는 주 영향인자인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 저분자화를 위한 초음파 처리의 최적 조건은 초음파 처리온도 $10^{\circ}C$, 초음파 강도 121.64 $W/cm^2$, 시료 carrageenan 농도 $2\%$, 초음파 처리시간 40분이었다. $\lambda$-carrageenan 및 저분자화된 $\lambda$-carrageenan의 분자량을 조사한 결과 대조구 $\lambda$-carrageenan의 분자량은 약 250,000이었으며 초음파처리에 따른 저분자화 된 $\lambda$-carrageenan의 분자량은 각각 p-1의 경우 약 200,000정도였으며, p-2의 경우 약 60,000정도이었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1589-1595
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• 2010

In order to effective degradation of organic dye both under visible light or ultrasonic irradiation, the MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotube) deposited with Fe and $TiO_2$ were prepared by a modified sol-gel method. The Fe/$TiO_2$-MWCNT catalyst was characterized by surface area of BET, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The low intensity visible light and low power ultrasound was as an irradiation source and the methylene blue (MB) was choose as the model organic dye. Then degradation experiments were carried out in present of undoped $TiO_2$, Fe/$TiO_2$ and Fe/$TiO_2$-MWCNT catalysts. Through the degradation of MB solution, the results showed the feasible and potential use of Fe/$TiO_2$-MWCNT catalyst under visible light and ultrasonic irradiation due to the enhanced formation of reactive radicals as well as the possible visible light and the increase of ultrasound-induced active surface area of the catalyst. After addition of $H_2O_2$, the MB degradation rates have been accelerated, especially with Fe/$TiO_2$-MWCNT catalyst, in case of that the photo-Fenton reaction occurred. The sonophotocatalysis was always faster than the respective individual processes due to the more formation of reactive radicals as well as the increase of the active surface area of Fe/$TiO_2$-MWCNT catalyst.