• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.333-344
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• 2020

Advances in industrial development and waste management over several decades have reduced many of the impacts that previously affected ecosystems, however, there are still processes which discharge hazardous materials into environments. Among industries that produce industrial wastewaters, textile manufacturing processes play a noticeable role. This study was conducted to test a novel continuous combined commercial membrane treatment using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ultrafiltration (UF), and polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) membranes for textile wastewater treatment. The synthetic textile wastewater used in this study contained sodium silicate, wax, and five various reactive dyes. The results indicate that the removal efficiency for physical particles (wax and resin) was 95% through the UF membrane under optimum conditions. Applying UF and NF hybrid treatment resulted in total effective removal of dye from all synthetic samples. The efficiency of sodium silicate removal was measured to be between 2.5 to 4.5% and 13 to 16% for UF and NF, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand in all samples was reduced by more than 85% after treatment by NF.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.6 no.2 s.20
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

The amount of water demand at large buildings is increasing with the concentration of population to city and a rise in the standard of living in the city area. In this reason the Water Shortage is expected and a problem of water pollution by the city sewerage is increasing. One of method of saving city water demand and city sewer is applying recycling water system witch make used water reuse by purification of water. The application of recycling water system witch make used performed since the application of Lotte World Complex. But the popularization of this system is not activated because of cost problem and feeling of people to the water recycled. So in this study, provide application method for recycling water system by propose the estimation method of optimal sizing of recycling water system.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.267-270
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.117-120
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• 2004

The separation characteristics were investigated with the variations of pressure and temperature using ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane module sets composed of different membrane types and materials. TDS, T-N and COD removal efficiencies were not affected and low with the change of temperature and pressure in case of using UF modules contained in module set 1, 2, 3. TDS, T-N and COD removal efficiencies were very high in RO modules. The final water quality of acrylic wastewater was satisfied within the discharge limit value of plant wastewater. It was known that membrane module sets could be used for the reuse of wastewater.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2008

With the rise in membrane applications, residuals management has become a growing challenge for membrane system. The primary residuals of MF/UF (microfiltration/ultrafiltration) system results from the wastes generated during backwashing. Many regulatory agencies, utilities, and water process engineers are unfamiliar with the characteristics and methods for treatment and disposal of membrane residuals. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the backwash residuals water quality from the pressurized system with and without pre-coagulation, and to suggest approaches for the backwash residuals treatment. Pressurized MF system was installed at Guui water intake pumping station and operated with raw water taken from the Han River. We compared performances with and without the recycling backwash residuals at flux conditions, 50 LMH and 90 LMH with and without pre-treatment (coagulation). Based on the results, recycling of backwash residuals in pressurized system with pre-coagulation showed applicability of backwash residuals managements. Moreover, the recovery rate also increased up to over 99%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.268-274
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immuno-stimulatory activity of the high-molecular-weight fraction (HMWF) of Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) extracts obtained by ultrafiltration in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and to assess its immuno-stimulatory effect in mice. Ultrafiltration was performed with polyethersulfone membranes (30 kDa cutoff) in a cross-flow filtration system to obtain the HMWF of CW. The results showed that the HMWF increased the production of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide in dose-ependent manners. In addition, HMWF treatment increased the relative spleen weight as well as splenocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A or bacterial lipopolysaccharide in mice. Natural killer (NK) cell activity in the HMWF-treated group was significantly increased compared to that in the control group. These results suggest that the HMWF of CW can support the immune system through secretion of macrophage cytokines, thereby enhancing NK cell activity and murine splenocyte proliferation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.333-337
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• 1994

In order to develop the whey beverage, we examined the optimum conditions for alcohol fermentation by Kluyveromyces tragilis ATCC 46537. The optimum conditions for alcohol production by K. fragilis ATCC 46537 were as follows; pH 4.5, $30^{\cir}C$, with a supplement of 50 g/l of lactose. To develop a continuous production of alcohol from whey, we compared batch fermentation with continuous iermentation in conjunction with UF system. Batch fermentation produced 11.0 g/l of alcohol, whereas pseudocontinuous and continuous fermentation with UF system produced 8.5 g/l of alcohol. To increase the alcohol production, we added 50 g/l of lactose to both fermentations. Batch fermentation with lactose supplement produced 15.7 g/l of alcohol and continuous fermentation with lactose supplement in conjunction with UF system produced 15.0 g/l of alcohol. These results clearly demonstrate that the UF system can be used to increase the alcohol production from whey, supplemented with exogenous lactose.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.745-748
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• 2000

Anaerobic digester coupled with hollow fiber membrane unit. Treatment of starch waste with anaerobic digester-membrane system was studied. $0.17\;m^2$ area of hollow fiber membrane unit of known pore size was immersed into laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion system. The gas production was about $0.74\;m^3/kg$ COD treated. The COD removal efficient was about 80-95% depending on the hydraulic retention time. Crossflow ultrafiltration as Post treatment to anaerobic filter. The study conducted with different membrane pore size indicated that membrane with 1,000,000 molecular weight cut-off size gave a higher COD removal efficiency in the range of 83-87% while giving a study flux of $120-130\;L/m^2\;{\cdot}\;h$. A study was conducted to see the long term clogging effect of membrane also.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 1998

Reuse of wastewater become an important consideration to solve the environmental pollution problems in recent industriallzation and urbanization. Especially, he characteristic of dyeing process is subject to use much water and thus has serious problems for removal of color and organic pollutants in their wastewater. This report is divided into two main parts ： The purpose of the first part was to determine if alkaline wastewater discharged from textile dyeing operation factory could be flocculated directly by Fenton oxidation method. This study was conducted to investigate Fenton reagent dose and reaction condition of Fenton method as pretreatment for dyeing wastewater in K dyeing industry were investigated. In the second part of this research, to treat dyeing wastewater it was found that the most effective way is to use ultrafiltation and reverse osmosis at the conditions of the pH 7.0~8.0 and operating pressure of $2.5~35kg_f/cm^2$. This paper is mainly dealt with the application on reuse system of dyeing wastewater treatment using ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. The results showed that dyeing wastewater could be reused by chemical, filter and membrane sequential treatment process.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 1999

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) experiments were carried out with a lignocellulosic biomass. The effects of temperature on enzymatic saccharification and the ethanol fermentation were also investigated. The batch SSF process gave a final ethanol concentration of 10.44 g/l and equivalent glucose yield of 0.55 g/g, which was increased by 67％ or higher over the saccharification at 42℃. The optimal operating condition was found to vary in several parameters, such as the transmembrane pressure, permeation rate, and separation coefficient, related to the SSF combined with membrane system (semi-batch system). When the fermentation was operated in a semi-batch mode, the efficiency of the enzymes and yeast lasted three times longer than in a batch mode.