• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Objective: The incidence rate of elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries is dependent on the throwing speed or pitching type, especially in adolescent baseball players. However, mixed results have been reported due to a lack of controlled biomechanical analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical analysis of the elbow in relation to throwing speed and pitching type. Method: Four overhead type high-school baseball players were recruited for this study. The participants were asked to throw balls with different types of pitch and speed. While the throwing speeds were measured, each pitching moment of the elbow was recorded. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, mean comparison analysis, and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed in order to examine differences in peak varus and valgus moment during pitching motion in the elbow in all throwing speed and pitching types. Results: There was no significant difference in physical characteristics, throwing speed, and momentum variability among all players. The mean varus moments were 44.38±1.55 Nm, 48.83±1.66 Nm, and 48.94±0.95 Nm, and the moment gaps between varus and valgus were 7.36±3.25 Nm, 7.44±2.02 Nm, and 7.36±2.62 Nm in fastball, curveball, and slider ball, respectively. The varus moment was higher in the curved and slider balls than in the fastballs, and there was no significant differences between the varus moments regarding the pitching type. However, the increase in valgus moment and decrease in moment gap according to throwing speed was significantly increased in the slider ball (r=0.718 and -0.591, respectively). Conclusion: The possibility of elbow injury caused by the valgus moment or moment gapincreases more rapidly in slider balls as the speed increases. Based on our results, appropriate pitching guidelines should be suggested to prevent ulnarligament injuries, especially in adolescent baseball players.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of acupuncture at HT7 (Shinmun) on the feeding behavior and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y(NPY) expression in the maternally separated rat pups. Methods: To show the effect of acupuncture, we performed maternal separation(MS) for 7 days beginning on postnatal day 14, and observed body weight, food intake, and NPY immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus after acupuncturing at HT7, the end of the transverse crease of the ulnar wrist of the forepaw. Results: MS induced a significant decreases in body weight and food intake, while acupuncture treatment at acupoint HT7 showed much more improvement in those evaluations. NPY-immunoreactivity in area PVN were decreased in the MS group, but significantly increased in the HT7 group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that acupuncture has an effect on the feeding disorders caused by MS, possibly by modulating NPY expression in the PVN.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1072-1076
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• 2001

A biomechanical study was conducted in this study to investigate if in-line skating wrist guards can effectively reduce the impact forces so as to protect the wrist from fracture. The forearm specimens with and without wrist guards were dropped using a specially designed sled to simulate the impact on the wrist while falling. A force plate was used to measure the total impact force on the dropping weight whereas a load cell was attached to the proximal end of the specimen and used to quantify the impact transmitted through the wrist joint. From the non-destructive tests, mean peak force measured from a force plate showed no difference between the guarded and unguarded groups whereas mean impulse of the guarded group was significantly greater than that of the unguarded group (p<0.01). Comparing the peak force and impulse measured from the load cell, the peak force of the guarded group was significantly less than that of the unguarded group (p<0.001), while the impulse values were similar. When the specimens were dropped from a higher position (2.5ft ve. 1ft), all unguarded specimens had severe wrist fractures whereas fracture was found in three out of 5 guarded specimens. Comparison of mean peak forces and impulses showed as significant difference between the guarded and unguarded groups only in the mean impulse measured from the force plate. These results suggest that the wrist guard may protect the wrist by attenuating the peak force transmitted to radius and ulnar although it may not be effective when the wrist is subjected to an impact sufficiently large to cause fractures.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intermittent bleeding method in the distal phalanx replantation. Materials and Methods: From January 2007 through June 2009, authors have replanted 117 cases of distal phalangeal amputation in adults at Soo Hospital and Chonbuk National University Hospital. Cases of zone II were 60 cases and zone III 57 according to Allen classification. Male to female ratio was 8.7:1.3. The most common cause was machinery injury in the factory, 98 cases(83.8%), next one was belt injury of the machine, 11 cases(9.4%) and others, 8(6.8%). At least one digital artery and digital nerve were anastomosed under the operating microscope, but vein was impossible to anastomosis as unable to find out in the zone II and III. After anastomosis of one or more digital arteries and nerves, heparine(6,000-10,000 units) was kept to intravenous injection for 24 hours and at the same time fish mouth incision in 2-3 millimeter diameter was made in the distal radial and ulnar margin of the replanted distal phanlanx. From the first 30 minutes to an hour after replantation, incision site was swabbed with heparinized cotton ball for 5 minutes in every 30 to 40 minutes to make sure perfusion for 24 hours, every an hour at the second day, every two hours at the postoperative third to fifth day. Results: 92 cases(78.6%) was completely survived at average postoperative third week follow-up and satisfied with preservation of the finger nail, digit length, good range of motion of the distal interphalangeal joint and acceptable sensibility at average 1.2 years follow-up. Conclusions: Intermittant bleeding method in replantation of crushed distal phalanx impossible to anastomosis of vein at zone II and III of Allen classification was regarded as one of the notable salvage procedure.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.287-290
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• 2017

A 6-month-old, 4.1 kg female Dachshund dog presented with intermittent non-weight bearing lameness of the right thoracic limb. Radiographs revealed caudolateral luxation of the right radial head and a shortened right ulna compared to the contralateral limb. Bone lengthening by distraction of the ulna using the Ilizarov technique was performed following ulnar osteotomy. The rate of distraction was 1.5 mm per day, adjusted a total of 3 times daily for a total distraction distance of 10 mm. The Ilizarov fixator was removed four weeks after surgery. The patient showed knuckling due to radial nerve injury that occurred during limb-lengthening. Corrective osteotomy was performed using a plate and pin for the luxation and deformity of the right radial head. The luxation of the radial head was successfully reduced following surgery. However, the knuckling persisted after surgery. Rehabilitation for radial nerve injury was performed using heat therapy, massage, a passive range of motion exercises, water treadmill exercises, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, leash-walking, and acupuncture. 15 months after surgery, the patient showed satisfactory weight-bearing ambulation without recurrence of lameness. The use of the Ilizarov technique is a good surgical option for the treatment of a patient with congenital elbow luxation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the normal morphometric landmarks of the uniting and dividing points of the brachial plexus (BP) in the periclavicular region to provide useful guidance in surgery of BP injuries. Methods: A total of 20 brachial plexuses were obtained from 10 adult, formalin-fixed cadavers. Distances were measured on the basis of the Chassaignac tubercle (CT), and the most lateral margin of the BP (LMBP) crossing the superior and inferior edge of the clavicle. Results: LMBP was located within 25 mm medially from the midpoint in all subjects. In the supraclavicular region, the upper trunk uniting at 21$\pm$7 mm from the CT, separating into divisions at 42$\pm$5 mm from the CT, and dividing at 19$\pm$4 mm from the LMBP crossing the superior edge of the clavicle. In the infraclavicular region, the distance from the inferior edge of the clavicle to the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) origin was 49$\pm$12 mm, to the median nerve origin 57$\pm$7 mm, and the ulnar nerve origin 48$\pm$6 mm. From the lateral margin of the pectoralis minor to the MCN origin the distance averaged 3.3$\pm$10 mm. Mean diameter of the MCN was 4.3$\pm$1.1 mm (range, 2.5-6.0) in males (n = 6), and 3.1$\pm$1.5 mm (range, 1.6-4.0) in females (n = 4). Conclusion: We hope these data will aid in understanding the anatomy of the BP and in planning surgical treatment in BP injuries.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2016

하지혈관에 비해 상지혈관질환은 드물기 때문에 상지혈관계에 대한 실험적, 수치해석적 연구는 매우 드물다. 본 논문에서는 최초로 MRA 영상데이터로부터 한국 성인 왼팔의 혈관계, 상완동맥에서 1 mm 이상의 손가락동맥들에 이르는, 3차원 컴퓨터 모델을 제작하였다. 이 모델에 대해 수치해석을 수행하여 정상, 주기유동에 대한 속도장, 압력장을 계산하였고 주요 분지관에서의 유량분배와 벽전단응력 분포에 대해 분석하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.497-499
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• 2009

Purpose: Leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor of nonstriated muscles. Leiomyoma is most commonly found in the uterus and rarely occur in the hand. 150 cases of leiomyoma of the hand have been reported in the English literature; however, to the best of our knowledge only four of these have been in children and none were reported in Korean literature. We present a case of leiomyoma in the hand of a 8 - year - old boy, which is a rare site for localization and unusual for age. Methods: A 8 - year - old boy presented with a painless mass on the ulnar side of his thumb. Physical examination revealed a $1.2{\times}1.2cm$ round, rubbery mass that was nontender to palpation. The vascular, sensory, and motor exams were otherwise unremarkable. Further evaluation with CT demonstrated an enhancing mass at dorsoulnar aspect of 1st proximal phalangeal region suggestive of a hemangioma versus other enhancing solid mass. The diagnosis of a leiomyoma was confirmed following surgical excision with histologic evaluation. Results: At 3 months follow - up, the incision was healed, motor and sensory function were intact, and there were full range of motion. Neither recurrence nor postoperative complication were observed. Conclusion: Leiomyoma is a rare tumor of the hand, especially in children. Diagnosing hand tumors in children is more difficult than in adults, hand surgeons should be aware of the diagnostic possibilities based on examination and imaging of a hand tumor ; however, surgical excision with histologic examination is required for definitive diagnosis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2011

목적: 주관절 전지환 성형술의 최근 수술 결과와 합병증에 대하여 문헌을 토대로 기술하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 주관절 전치환술의 적응증은 다른 수술 방법으로 관절 기능의 회복이 불가능한 류마토이드 관절염, 외상후 관절염, 관절 강직, 종양 제거 후 상태, 그리고 고령의 원위 상완골 분쇄 골절 등이 있다. 합병증으로는 가장 심각한 합병증인 감염을 비롯하여 삽입물 이완, 삽입물 골절, 삽입물 주위 골절, 척골 신경병증, 이소성 골화, 상완 삼두근 손상, 탈구를 포함한 불안정, bushing의 마모 등이 있다. 결과 및 결론: 재치환술을 기준으로 한 주관절 치환술의 수명은 10년을 기준으로 85% 정도인 것으로 알려져 있다. 염증성 관절염이 가장 예후가 좋으며 외상후 관절염의 이완율이 비교적 높다. 합병증은 다른 관절의 치환술에 비해 많이 발생하는 경향이 있으며 특히 심부 감염은 3~5% 정도로 높은 편이다. 주관절 치환술은 재건술로 관절 기능을 회복할 가능성이 없는 활동력이 높지 않은 환자에 대해 신중하고 적절하게 시행한다면 만족스러운 기능 회복을 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2012

This study aims at developing ergonomics patterns for the sleeve of structural firefighting protective clothing through 3D motion analysis in order to ensure efficiency and safety of firefighters who are exposed to harmful environment at work. A new research pattern was developed by applying the total results of 3D motion analysis, changes of body surface length measurements, and 2D data on 3D body shape analysis on the size 3 patterns of the existing coat sleeve. For the sleeves, we used the body surface length of the range of shoulder's flexion and the joint angle of the range of wrist's ulnar deviation. And for the production of structural firefighting protective clothing using the research pattern, we recruited a recognized producer of structural firefighting protective clothing designated by KFI. Unlike everyday clothes, structural firefighting protective clothing should be able to fully protect the wearers from the harmful environment that threatens their lives and should not cause any restrictions on their movement. Therefore, the focus of research and development of such protective clothing should be placed on consistent development of new technologies and production methods that will provide protection and comfort for the wearer rather than production cost reduction or operational efficiency. This study is meaningful as it applied 3D motion analysis instead of the existing methods to develop the patterns. In particular, since 3D motion analysis enables the measurement of the range of motion, there should be continuous research on the development of ergonomics patterns that consider workers' range of motion.