• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.421-431
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Ulmus davidiana on the generation of peroxynitrite $(ONOO^{-})$, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radicals $(O_{2}^{-})$ in the endothelial cells of rat vessels. The effects of Ulmus davidiana on the expression of inflammation-related proteins, $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2, and iNOS, were examined by western blotting. Methods : For this study, fluorescent probes, namely dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123), 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) were used. Western blotting was performed via using anti-$NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), anti-COX-2, and anti-iNOS, respectively. Results : Ulmus davidiana inhibited the generation of $ONOO^{-}$, NO and $(O_{2}^{-})$ in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated endothelial cells of rat vessels in vitro. Ulmus davidiana inhibited the expression of COX-2 and iNOS genes by means of decreasing the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. Conclusions : These results suggest Ulmus davidiana is effective on inhibiting the generation of $ONOO^{-}$, NO and $O_{2}^{-}$, and that therefore it might have a potential role as a treatment for the inflammatory process and inflammation-related diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.888-895
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• 2020

Ulmus genus has excellent various physiological activities, including anti-ulcer, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer, immunity, and homeostasis maintenance effects, and it is known to have many additional drug effects And one of reasons for these excellentbiological activities is a flavan-3-ol chemical group in Ulmus genus. In this study a new flavan-3-ol compound was identified in Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. A flavan-3-ol,(2R,3S)-7-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5-diol, named as catechin 7-O-beta-D apiofuranoside, was isolated from the stems and barks of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica for. suberosa, which is a species belonging to the genus Ulmus, growing throughout the Korea peninsula. The structure was elucidated by various spectroscopic methods including high-resolution TOF mass spectrometry, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectrometry and comparison with chemical structures of defined compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 느티나무의 에탄올 추출액에서 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene 외에 3,7-dimethoxycadalene와 7-hydroxycadalene-5,8-quinone (keyakinone A) 등 2종의 카달렌 동족체를 분리하였고, 이 중에서 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene을 대상으로 hydroxyl 라디칼 소거활성과 MTT assay에 의한 세포독성을 평가하였다. 7-Hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene의 hydroxyl 라디칼 소거활성은 농도에 의존적이며, 100 ppm에서는 hydroxy 라디칼이 거의 100% 제거되는 우수한 효과를 나타냈다. 그러나 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene은 낮은 농도(1 ppm 이하)에서는 세포 생존율이 약 90% 가량으로 세포독성이 거의 나타나지 않았지만 농도가 높아질수록 세포 생존율에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene은 4종의 느릅나무과 수종(느릅나무(Ulmus davidiana), 참느릅나무(Ulmus parvifolia), 큰잎느릅나무(Ulmus crophylla), 당느릅나무(Ulmus macrocarpa))에서는 전혀 발견되지 않았다. 느릅나무과 수종에서는 공통적으로 7-hydroxycadalene (분자량 214)으로 추정되는 화합물이 발견되었으며, 이는 느티나무에서 단리한 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene에서 3번 위치의 메톡실기($OCH_3$)가 이탈된 구조의 화합물이다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2004

느릅나무(Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica)는 한국이나 중국 등에서 오래 전부터 전통의 민간요법으로 열매, 뿌리를 염증 및 종창 환부에 도포하여 항염제로 이용하거나, 중탕 추출하여 소화기 궤양 및 종양 등에 사용하여 왔다. 또한 한방에서는 유근피가 다량의 점액과 탄닌을 함유하고 있어 완화제, 치습, 이뇨, 소종독(消腫毒) 등에 이용하여 오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유근피로부터 다당류를 분리 정제한 후 화장료 조성물로써의 사용 가능성을 확인하고자, 유근피 추출 다당류의 보습효과 및 소염효과 등을 조사하였다. 유근피에서 침출법으로 다당류를 분리정제한 후 가수 분해하고, 가수분해 생성물을 HPLC로 분석하여 주구성 당분이 람노오스, 갈락토오스, 글루코오스 등임을 확인하였고 GPC로 측정한 평균분자량은 20,000이었다. Corneometer CM820 등을 이용한 보습효능 실험 결과 히알루론 산과 견줄만한 효능을 확인할 수 있었으며, carrageenin에 의해 유도된 부종억제 효능 실험에서는 ketoprofen에 버금가는 좋은 효능을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 유근피 추출 다당류가 좋은 화장료 조성물로써 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2003

To analyze ecological characteristics of the Ulmus pumila community, an on-the-spot survey was conducted in August, 1998 in the Dong River, Gangwon-do, South Korea. The Ulmus pumila community is partially distributed in Dong River's midstream and upper stream. Topographical characteristics of this community are significant in the point bar or sandbank of the river. The community is classified into two types, disturbed and non-disturbed types, by the effect of flooding. The Ulmus pumila community (bush forests of Siberian elms) is a representative community which forms riparian forests, but its distribution is rare in South Korea. Only in Dong River is the Ulmus pumila distributed enough to form a community, and none is known that is lager than this community in South Korea. The non-disturbance type progresses more homogeneously than the disturbance type because it is formed on riverside banks where it is affected less by flooding. We concluded that the Ulmus pumila community in this study area has characteristics of riparian forests. In South Korea, Ulmus pumila community can be regarded as important element of vegetation landscape constituting riparian forests. Specifically, these riparian forests are evaluated as high in conservation value due to their being formed spontaneously. Moreover, Dong River is regarded as the southern limit of Ulmus pumila, which has a northern origin. The species or community needs continuous interests and conservation countermeasures because there are limitations in its spread of distribution by natural or artificial efforts.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2021

Objectives : In this study, we investigate the anti-allergic effects of Ullmus macrocarpa Hance (Ulmus) on RBL-2H3 mast cell (basophilic leukemia cell line), which are mediated by FcεRIs. Methods : We evaluated the effect of the ethanol extract of Ulmus on the allergic inflammatory response in IgE-antigen-mediated RBL-2H3 cells. Cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay and the markers of degranulation such as beta-hexosaminidase, histamine, PGD2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 production of inflammatory mediators and FcεRI-mediated protein expression by western blot. Results : Ulmus inhibited degranulation and production of allergic mediators (e.g., TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-6) in them. Ulmus reduced histamine levels, expression of FcεRI signaling-related genes such as Lyn, Syk, and Fyn, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in mast cells. Also, Ulmus reduced PGD2 release and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 phosphorylation in FcεRI-mediated RBL-2H3 mast cells. Conclusions : These results indicate that Ulmus exhibits anti-allergic activity through inhibition of degranulation and inflammatory mediators and cytokine release. These findings suggest that Ulmus may have potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for the treatment of various allergic diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Objects : This study aimed to identify the origin species of Ulmi Cortex and Ulmi Semen Pasta. Methods : I searched for different types of 'Yu(楡)' from Zhong Xiu Zheng Huo Jing Shi Zheng Lei Bei Yong Ben Cao (重修政和經史證類備用本草) of the Song Dynasty, then compared the descriptions of Yu with real life species. Items that were inconsistent were sequentially deleted to finally find the original species that satisfies all conditions. Results : There were five types of Yu : Jiyu(地楡), Jayu(刺楡), Langyu(郞楡), Goyu(姑楡), and Baekyu(白楡). Jiyu was Sanguisorba officinalis or Sanguisorba officinalis var. longifolia which was a herb. Jayu was Hemiptelea davidii (Hance) Planch. which had thorns on its branches. Ulmus laciniata had leaves that split into three branches. Langyu was Ulmus parvifolia which beared fruit in the fall. For these reasons, the four items above were ruled out. The fruit of Goyu was Ulmi Semen Pasta, which was the largest among fruits and was therefore Ulmus macrocarpa. The fruit of Baekyu was Yuhyup(楡莢) and the ancient coin Yuhyupjeon(楡莢錢) was resembled Yuhyup. The normal pulse of the lung resembled the appearance of falling Yuhyup. The peel of Baekyu was Yubaekpi(楡白皮), and when it was removed from coarse bark, contained an abundance of white sap; the place where this sap overflowed on the stem bark was white, therefore Baekyu was identified as Ulmus pumila. Conclusions : From the results above, the origin species of Ulmi cortex was Ulmus pumila and the origin species of Ulmi Semen Pasta was Ulmus macrocarpa.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2008

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a general, chronic, inflammatory and auto-immune disease and it can lead to joint edema, pain, stiffness which are caused by an inflammation in synovium covering our joints. Ulmus davidiana Planchon is a traditional herb used for the treatment on various inflammations, gastrointestinal trouble, ENT(ear, nose, and throat) disease, edema, cancer etc. and it works effectively on arthritis as well. In these study to search for the treatment efficacy of Ulmus davidiana Planchon in RA, I measure manifestation of cytokine gene in synoviocyte treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture and in EL-4 cell, manifestation of cytokine gene cell related to T-cell. And after Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture treatment in Collagen induced arthritis(CIA) which has been known by a general model of RA, DBA mice, I observed foot thickness, general shape of synovium, early cytokine induce CIA and, generation and mutation of cytokine related to the control of T-cell specialization. It comes to conclusion as belows. 1. In synovium treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there was the decrease in MIF mRNA does-dependently. Incase of CIA mice treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there were the decrease in the damage in synovium and generation of the MIF which is related to induction of the early RA cytokine and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine. 2. In case of EL-4 treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there were decrease in the manifestation of the IL-2 mRNA, but the increase in the manifestation of the IL-4 does-dependently. 3. In the synovium of CIA mice treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there were the decrease in generation of IL-2, IL-12 and CD-28, but the increase in generation of IL-4. These result suggest that Ulmus davidiana Planchon can block the process of the early RA by Inhibiting MIF activation, and mitigate Rheumatoid Arthritis by controlling Tcell specialization.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권9호통권89호
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• pp.1232-1236
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• 2007

인체 암세포계(MG-63 골육암 세포, HT-29 인체 결장암세포, K-562 백혈암세포)를 이용하여 느릅나무 근피 메탄올 추출물, 열탕 추출물 및 즙액에 의한 암세포 성장에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 느릅나무 근피 메탄올 추출물, 열탕 추출물 및 즙액은 낮은 농도에서부터 인체 골육암 세포의 증식을 억제시켰다. 인체 결장암세포와 백혈암세포에서도 느릅나무 근피 메탄올 추출물, 열탕 추출물 및 즙액은 낮은 농도인 1 mg/ml에서부터 활성을 나타내어 40% 이상으로 암세포 증식 억제효과를 나타내어 앞서의 MG-63 골육암 세포에서 보다 그 증식 억제효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 느릅나무 근피 메탄올 추출물, 열탕 추출물 및 즙액을 골육암과 결장암세포에 투여한 2일 후에 세포내의 DNA 합성에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과, 농도 의존적으로 암세포의 DNA 합성을 저해하는 것을 살펴 볼 수가 있었다. 따라서 느릅나무 근피 추출물은 인체 암세포 증식을 크게 억제하였으며 열탕 추출물에서도 항암활성 효과를 보여 느릅나무 근피 유래 생리활성 물질은 열에 안정한 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.117-132
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture solution in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and mouse knee joints, perfom1ed several experimental items: those are MIF mRNA, MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS mRNA, iNOS, NO, synovial hyperplasia, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Methods : In order to observe mRAN expression of MIF and iNOS in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, RT-PCR was used. NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was measured by nitrite assay. All the female BALB/c mice were bred and maintained in pathogen-free mouse colonies and were 6 weeks of age on beginning of the experiment. The experimental model of RA was induced by injection of $50{\mu}g/kg$ LPS. Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture solution was injected into either S 35 (犢鼻) or EX-LE 202 (內膝眼) of mice in turn daily for 19 days. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to assess $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 and iNOS expression in synovial membrane. Synovial hyperplasia, angiogenesis and fibrosis in synovial membrane was observed with a microscope. Results : 1. Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture solution inhibited mRNA expression of MIF and iNOS in dependence on a density of it in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. 2. Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture solution decreased synovial hyperplasia, angiogenesis and fibrosis in LPS-stimulated mouse knee joints. 3. Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture solution curtailed production of MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS in LPS-stimulated mouse knee joints. Conclusion : On the basis of these results, It was shown that Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture solution is significantly able to inhibit the production of MIF as a top in cytokines related to inflammatory or irrlll1une responses. Our results may provide that Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture solution has beneficial effect in not only RA but other inflammatory or immune deases.