• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 1991

Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis(PRGR) was performed in 43 patients, a total of 65 times, for the management of typical trigeminal neuralgia from 1987 to 1991. The age of patients was distributed between 19 and 87 years. According to sex 17 were male and 26 were female. Pure glycerol of 0.3-0.8 ml was injected into the Meckel's cave on the affected site. In 31 PRGR(Group I) that had cisternography to titrate the dose of glycerol, when treated, 26 G of these PRGR patients(83.9%) had relief of pain. There were recurrence of pain in 7PRGR (22.6%) and the average interval from the PRGR to recurrence of pain in 7 PRGR(22.6%) and the average interval from the PRGR to recurrence of pain was 16.9 months. In 34 PRGR(Group II) of which bupivacaine was injected to titrate the dose of glycerol, 29 PRGR(85.3%) had relief of pain 80 howing treatment. There were recurrence of pain in 8 PRGR(23.5%) and the average interval from the PRGR to the recurrence of pain was 14.3 months. Finally of all procedures done(65 PRGR), 55 PRGR(84.6%) had relief of pain. There were recurrence of pain in 15 PRGR(23.1%) and the average interval from the PRGR to recurrence of pain was 15.5 months. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of pain relief. There were conjunctival irritation(3 cases), headache(2), vomiting(3), hematoma(2), and herpes simplex(3) as transient complications after PRGR. Corneal ulceration and anesthesia dolorosa did not develop in any cases.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.692-698
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• 2005

Eczema is a general term for skin diseases showing itching, vessiculopapular eruption, and erythema when acute, or lichenification and scale if chronic. It is classified as irritant dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, nummular eczema, statis dermatitis, infective dermatitis, xerotic eczema, and pompholyx by afflicted regions and symptoms. Therapy for eczema is allopathic, and includes application of ice- pack to erythema, and application of emollients and steroids to the affected parts during subacute or chronic stages. Eczema is understood as ulceration(瘡), tinea(癬), wind syndrome(風證), and dryness syndrome(燥證) in terms of oriental medicine. Xerotic eczema is understood in dryness syndrome. Nourishing blood(養血) therapy is used. This is a case study on which xerotic eczema occurred on a patient's afflicted left palm and fingers after stroke. The patient's xerotic eczema was attributed to dryness syndrome. Therefore, Samul-tang(四物湯) and Saenghyeoryunbu-eum(生血潤膚飮) were used for nourishing blood. This therapy was effective on eczema and accompanying symptoms such as dizziness and numbness of the left hand.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.1180-1187
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• 2007

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an episodic, multi-system, autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation of blood vessels and connective tissues and by the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), especially antibodies to native (double-stranded) DNA (dsDNA). Its clinical manifestations are extremely variable, and its natural history is unpredictable. Untreated, SLE is often progressive and has a significant fatality rate. The most widely used criteria for the classification of SLE are those of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), which were revised in 1982 and modified in 1997. The presence of four criteria have been diagnosed as a SLE. Rashes are common at onset and during active disease. The oral mucosa is the site of ulceration with SLE. Arthralgia and arthritis affect most children and these symptoms are short in duration and can be migratory. Lupus nephritis may be more frequent and of greater severity in children than in adults. The initial manifestation of nephritis is microscopic hematuria, followed by proteinuria. The most common neuropsychiatric symptoms are depression, psychosis(hallucination and paranoia) and headache. CNS disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Pericarditis is the most common cardiac manifestation. Libman-Sacks endocarditis is less common in children. The most frequently described pleuropulmonary manifestations are pleural effusions, pleuritis, pneunonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage. During the active phase ESR, CRP, gamma globulin, ferritin and anti-dsDNA are elevated. Antibodies to dsDNA occur in children with active nephritis. Antibodies to the extractable nuclear antigens (Sm, Ro/SS-A, La/SS-B) are strongly associated with SLE. Specific treatment should be individualized and based on the severity of the disease. Sepsis has replaced renal failure as the most common cause of death.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2009

Purpose: Local skin necrosis after extravasation of adriamycin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is a common problem in cancer patients. The extravasation of chemotherapeutic agents yields severe inflammatory responses, crust formation, skin necrosis, and ulceration. Even though several treatment options have been proposed for extravasation injury, there is still controversy regarding the management of such lesions. Thus the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of saline injection(Group 1), hydrocortisone injection(Group 2), propranolol injection(Group 3) and early surgical excision as a treatment(Group 4) in a rat extravasation model. Methods: The authors planned forty mature male Sprague - Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and each group contained 10 rats. Administration of adriamycin($1.0mg/m{\ell}$) $1.5m{\ell}$ by subcutaneous injection on the dorsal side of the rats was followed by protocol. The treatment options were applied 2 hours after adriamycin injection. At the end of the 5th days, the presence and size of ulcers at the injection site were measured. 3 weeks after injection, a histopathologic examination was performed for each treatment and control group. T - tests were used to analyze the differences between the measurements. Results: Propranolol significantly improved tissue recovery compared with control group and other groups. These data suggest that there is little role for saline and hydrocortisone in the treatment of adriamycin extravasation injury. Conclusion: In this study, we compared some treatment methods in adriamycin extravasation model. The findings support the propranolol injection may prevent extravasation injury. However this study was performed in the laboratory using rats, and the results could be different in clinical application. Thus, more needs further investigations and clinical application.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 2009

Purpose: Recently, the incidence of malignant melanoma has been steadily increasing. Malignant melanoma is already known to have poorer prognosis than other primary skin cancers. Despite the poor prognosis, it is relatively less known to the public so that a number of patients visit hospital carrying advanced stage tumor. Yet, extensive study about malignant melanoma is currently insufficient, and specific guidelines and statistical figures in Korea are almost inexistent. Therefore, authors reviewed patients with malignant melanoma who have visited our hospital for last 14 years. Methods: Between January 1994 and January 2008, 62 patients were diagnosed with malignant melanoma at our hospital. A retrospective study was performed with data from patients' charts and biopsy results. Annual incidence, mean age of onset, gender, tumor location, tumor thickness, pathologic ulceration, clinicopathologic subtype, and clinical AJCC stage were evaluated. Analysis of factors associated with survival were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Kaplan - Meier method was used to generate survival curves. Results: Clinicopathologic features of 62 patients (32 male, 30 female) with average age of 57 years were evaluated. Most lesions were found in lower limb, and the most common subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma. We could also find that age, tumor thickness, and clinical stage were the only significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: Clinicopathologic features of malignant melanoma were analyzed in this study, but the result is not ready to be generalized because the number of cases is too small. Further study must be performed to report clinical guidelines for prognosis and treatment for malignant melanoma patients in Korea.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.709-715
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• 2001

Pressure sore(Decubitus ulcer) is an area of ulceration and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues occurring over the body prominence such as the sacrum, greater trochanter, scapula, lateral malleolus, thoracic spine and heels after prolonged or often repeated pressure. These days incidence of pressure sore have been increased because of the many population of the old, traffic accidents and cerebral vascular disease. But the treatment was not confirmly established. As for treatment, we used Talcum powder for 10 days in case 1 and 6 days in case 2. The patients were improved within 14 days after treatment in case 1 and 10 days in case 2.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.603-606
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• 2008

Purpose: Sclerosing lipogranuloma is an unusal benign condition of the genitalia following injections into the genitalia with exogenous paraffin or mineral oil. A few cases have been reported in which sclerosing lipogranuloma of the lid was caused by paraffin-containing ointment plugs after the endonasal sinus surgery. A 52-year-old man presented with a painless hard mass of the right lower lid after the MRI scan at the Ophthalmology department. Nine months before, he had undergone right maxilla sinus surgery through the oral incision. And he was also gotten nasal packing with Vaseline gauze after the surgery. Methods: The round shaped two masses in the Right lower lid were approximately $1.0{\times}1.0cm$ in size. There were no size or color change, bleeding and ulceration. The MRI scan showed a suspicious part of an abscess of benign tumor. Also, He was planned cyst remove through the endonasal surgery due to the mucoid cyst in the right maxillary sinus in the ENT dept. Under the general anesthesia, the patient underwent surgical excision through a subcilliary incision with endonasal sinus surgery. The masses were in deep subcutaneous orbital fat with no connection with right maxillary sinus. Results: The masses were excised $2.1{\times}0.7cm$ in size including surrounding necrotic fatty tissue. Histopathological diagnosis was 'sclerosing lipogranuloma' due to paraffin or similar substance with fat necrosis and cystic change. This tissue was positive in PAS, S-100, CD68 reaction. Conclusion: It is extremely rare to find a granulomatous orbital lesion arising to a endonasal surgery. In conclusion, if sclerosing lipogranuloma is suspected excisional biopsy should be undertaken. Surgery should be reserved for recurrent or refractory cases when steroids have failed as first-line treatment at the 6-month follow-up examination, There was no complication or recurrence.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.622-625
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• 2008

Purpose: In the past, laymen or beauty parlor employees commonly injected people with unproven foreign material such as paraffin, silicone, and cooking oil. We have treated a patient who injected foreign material into her face and neck. Methods: For the last 20 years, a 43-year-old woman has been injecting herself in the face and neck with foreign material. There was no tenderness, erythema, pain, ulceration, or necrosis. However many visible, touchable subcutaneous masses were found. Her face was extremely ugly and disfigured by the foreign material. We could not recognize the boundary between her neck and mandible. The occipital scalp drooped extremely. Over the past 3 years, from February 2005 to October 2007, we performed 15 operations. Results: We conducted a cephalometric facial analysis to compare preoperative and postoperative facial diameter. The patient's upper face diameter decreased from 67 cm to 60 cm, the mid face diameter from 82 cm to 59 cm, the lower face diameter from 63 cm to 50 cm, and the neck circumference diameter from 53 cm to 44 cm, respectively. The mid sagittal diameter decreased from 26 cm to 23 cm. The total excised tissue weight was 4023.7 gram after 15 operations. Conclusion: Serial excision of face and neck masses in a patient who injected herself with foreign material resulted in a satisfactory outcome.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 1997

Xerostomia is caused by organic or functional changes affecting the salivary system at different levels. Patients suffering from xerostomia may also complain of an oral burning sensation, ulceration or soreness, difficulty in swallowing, and poor denture retention. And pilocarpine is administered orally to induce salivary secretion. In Seoul National University Hospital(SNUH) pharmacy, the pilocarpine chewing tablets are prepared and supplied to patients of xerostomia in request of the dental hospital in SNUH. And we tested the salivary flow induction and the dissolution patterns of these products in saliva by a double-blind, sequential cross-over trials to eight healthy human volunteers with placebo. The pilocarpine chewing tablet contained 5 mg of pilocarpine, and placebo consisted of same materials as test drug, but didn't contain pilocarpine. In vivo experiment, all subjects were instructed to chew as 60-80 times/min. Mixed saliva was collected in the ranges of intervals such as 0-2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-30, 30-45 and 45-60 min after pilocarpine chewing tablet or placebo administration. Saliva volume was measured in each collecting time interval, and saliva pilocarpine concentrations were determined by reversed phase HPLC. The 82.5 percent $(4.13{\pm}0.69\;mg)$ of pilocarpine was extracted from chewing tablets during mastication of 60-80 times per minute for 60 minutes. Among these dissolved amounts, 90 percent was extracted within 20 minutes. The salivary flow rates were more increased in a group who administered pilocarpine chewing tablet at the interval of 5-10, 10-15, 20-30 and 45-60 min rather than a placebo-group, but only extracted amount of pilocarpine at 45-60 min interval is significanly different between two groups (p<0.05). But total amounts of saliva secreted for 1 hour in two group-pilocarpine and placebo treated- were $46.36{\pm}9.72\;ml\;and\;39.09{\pm}7.81\;ml$, respectively, and were not significantly different between two groups.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.358-364
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• 1999

Propolis, a natural resinous compound collected from honey bees, contains many biochemical constituents and has been used in traditional medicines as early as 300 B.C. Recently, it has been reported to possess many biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, local anaesthetic, immunostimulating, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. This study was performed to investigate the pharmacological effects of the propolis extract and fractions on the gastric lesion and ulcer. The ethanol extract was fractionated with hexane, toluene and ethyl acetate. Followed by bioassay on antigastric and antiulcer activity. Propolis ethanol extracts(500, 750, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg/kg) showed the protective effect on HCl·ethanol-induced gastric lesion and the antisecretory effect against Shay’s gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats in a dose related manner. In the animal models of HCl·ethanol, aspirin-induced gastric lesion and Shay’s gastric secretion, the hexane and toluene fraction of propolis significantly reduced the length of gastric lesion and the acid secretion. These data showed that the gastric protective effects of propolis might result from reduction of acid secretion through the inactivation of H+/K+ATPase activity.