• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.55-63
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• 2024

Purpose: This study focuses on the golden banana (Kluai Hom Thong) from the Ban Khok Banana Community Enterprise Group in Sang Khom District, Udon Thani Province, Thailand. Despite its potential as an export crop and minimal disease or insect management issues, the group's products struggled to reach international markets due to lack of marketing opportunities, distribution channels, and proper packaging. The research aims to analyze and develop packaging and logos to test market potential for the group's products. Research design, data and methodology: Data was collected through questionnaires developed in conjunction with three printing and packaging design experts. Market testing involved 100 randomly sampled consumers of the group's products. Results: The new packaging design was perceived as more international, modern, and suitable as a souvenir for adults. Conclusions: Integrating ethnic elements and local materials into packaging design can enhance product appeal. For example, creating cloth bags from fabric scraps for carrying local woven products can impress consumers. This approach could help overcome market barriers and improve prospects for golden banana products in international markets while maintaining the intact ecosystem and environment of the production area. The study highlights the importance of effective packaging and branding in addressing market access challenges for local agricultural enterprises, potentially opening new opportunities for community-based businesses.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

The multiplicative semigroups $\mathbb{Z}_n$ have been widely studied. But, the ideals of $\mathbb{Z}_n$ seem to be unknown. In this paper, we provide a complete descriptions of ideals of the semigroups $\mathbb{Z}_n$ and their product semigroups ${\mathbb{Z}}_m{\times}{\mathbb{Z}}_n$. We also study the numbers of ideals in such semigroups.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.667-674
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• 2009

In this paper, a new one-step iterative scheme with error for approximating common fixed points of asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive type nonself-mappings in Banach space is defined. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve the recent ones, announced by H. Y. Zhou, Y. J. Cho, and S. M. Kang [Zhou et al.,(2007), namely, A new iterative algorithm for approximating common fixed points for asymptotically non-expansive mappings, published to Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2007 : 1-9], and many others.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1111-1119
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• 2016

Mao seed is a by-product of the wine and juice industry, which could be used in animal nutrition. The current study was designed to determine the effect of supplementation of mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg.) seed meal (MOSM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on rumen fermentation, nitrogen (N) utilization and microbial protein synthesis in goats. Four crossbred (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) goats with initial body weight (BW) $20{\pm}2kg$ were randomly assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. The four dietary treatments were MOSM supplementation at 0%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 2.4% of total dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. During the experimental periods, all goats were fed a diet containing roughage to concentrate ratio of 60:40 at 3.0% BW/d and pangola grass hay was used as a roughage source. Results showed that supplementation with MOSM did not affect feed intake, nutrient intakes and apparent nutrient digestibility (p>0.05). In addition, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) were not influenced by MOSM supplementation, whilst blood urea nitrogen was decreased quadraticly (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with MOSM at 2.4% of total DM intake. Propionate was increased linearly with MOSM supplementation, whereas acetate and butyrate were remained the same. Moreover, estimated ruminal methane ($CH_4$) was decreased linearly (p<0.05) when goats were fed with MOSM at 1.6% and 2.4% of total DM intake. Numbers of bacteria and protozoa were similar among treatments (p>0.05). There were linear decreases in urinary N (p<0.01) and total N excretion (p<0.01) by MOSM supplementation. Furthermore, N retention was increased linearly (p<0.05) when goats were fed with MOSM supplementation at 1.6% and 2.4% of total DM intake. Microbial protein synthesis were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). From the current study, it can be concluded that supplementation of MOSM at 1.6% to 2.4% of total DM intake can be used to modify ruminal fermentation, especially propionate and N utilization in goats, without affecting the nutrient digestibility, microbial populations and microbial protein synthesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.961-967
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• 2018

Lao-native beef cattle are primarily Bos indicus, and most ruminant production in Laos is still dominated by small-scale or backyard producers that use traditional practices, resulting in low productivity. The cattle herd size in Laos has grown by an average of 5 percent per year from 1.52 million in 2010/11 to 1.81 million in 2014/15. In 2016, the Laos cattle population was 1.88 million head, with smallholder farmers representing 98% of production despite efforts by the Laos government to develop commercial-scale farms. There were 170 commercial cattle farms in 2016, with 56 percent in the Central region of Laos. Although, overall, ruminant meat production has tended to increase but with consumption at 7.29 kg/capita/yr in 2013, it remains insufficient to meet demand. Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products used in ruminant diets include rice straw, cassava pulp and wet brewers' grains as roughage, energy and protein sources, respectively. The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China in 2013 will connect China closely with all countries in Southeast Asia. This initiative will change landlocked Laos to land linked for investors who will benefit from convenient transport at a lower cost, promoting agricultural production in Laos.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.527-535
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• 2020

To clarify the reinfection profile associated with risk factors of opisthorchiasis, we conducted an epidemiological study on the chemotherapeutic effects on reinfection with O. viverrini in the endemic areas of Northeastern Thailand for 3 years. A total of 3,674 fecal samples were collected from participants in villages of 5 provinces. They were examined microscopically using a modified technique of formalin ethyl-acetate concentration. Egg-positive residents were reexamined year (2018) by year (2019) after treatment with a single dose (40 mg/kg) of praziquantel. Health education was provided to the participants yearly. The egg-positive rate of O. viverrini was 14.3%, and was highest (22.2%) in the 20-30 year-old group in 2017. The egg positive rate was 15.3% in dogs and 11.4% cats. Human reinfection rate was 15.5% and 6.3% in next 2 years, and was highest (23.2%) among the fishermen. Relative risk factors of reinfection were significantly higher for males, over 40-year-old age, or working as fishermen or farmers, and eating uncooked fish within the preceding year. A significant difference resulting from a health education program was observed in the third year. Therefore, health education and sustainable surveillance for opisthorchiasis should be maintained to decrease the risk of reinfection.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.3841-3857
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• 2020

RSA is one of the best well-known public key cryptosystems. This methodology is widely used at present because there is not any algorithm which can break this system that has all strong parameters within polynomial time. However, it may be easily broken when at least one parameter is weak. In fact, many weak parameters are already found and are solved by some algorithms. Some examples of weak parameters consist of a small private key, a large private key, a small prime factor and a small result of the difference between two prime factors. In this paper, the new weakness of RSA is proposed. Assuming Euler's totient value, Φ (n), can be rewritten as Φ (n) = ad + b, where d is the private key and a, b ∈ ℤ, if a divides both of Φ (n) and b and the new exponent for the decryption equation is a small integer, this condition is assigned as the new weakness for breaking RSA. Firstly, the specific algorithm which is created for this weakness directly is proposed. Secondly, two equations are presented to find a, b and d. In fact, one of two equations must be implemented to find a and b at first. After that, the other equation is chosen to find d. The experimental results show that if this weakness has happened and the new exponent is small, original plaintext, m, will be recovered very fast. Furthermore, number of steps to recover d are very small when a is large. However, if a is too large, d may not be recovered because m which must be always written as m = h^a is higher than modulus.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2279-2285
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate treatment outcomes of patients with stage I-III endometrial cancer treated with postoperative radiation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 166 endometrial cancer patients, undergoing surgery and postoperative radiotherapy at Siriraj Hospital from 2005-2008 was performed. Pathology was reviewed. Results of treatment were reported with 5-year loco-regional recurrence free survival (LRRFS), 5-year overall survival (OS), patterns of failure and toxicity, and according to stage and risk groups. Results: Median follow up time was 62.8 months. Pathological changes were found in 36.3% of the patients after central reviews, leading to 19% changes in risk groups. Most of the patients (83.7%) received pelvic radiation (PRT) and vaginal brachytherapy (VBT). Five-year LRRFS and OS of all patients were 94.9% and 85.5%, respectively. There was no recurrence or death in low and low-intermediate risk groups. For the high-intermediate risk group, 5-year LRRFS and OS were 96.2% and 90.8%, respectively, and for the high risk group 90.5% and 71%. Late grade 3 and 5 gastrointestinal toxicity was found in 3% and 1.2% of patients, respectively. All of them received PRT 5,000 cGy in 25 fractions. Conclusions: Low and intermediate risk patients had good results with surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy. For high risk patients, postoperative radiation therapy alone appeared to be inadequate as the most common pattern of failure was distant metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5879-5882
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• 2014

High-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is important in cervical cancer screening for triage colposcopy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of HR HPV infection with different cervical cytological features among women undergoing health examination. A total of 2,897 women were retrospectively evaluated between May 2011 to December 2011. DNA was extracted from residual specimens collected during routine liquid-based cytology tests at the National Cancer Institute. Overall, HR HPV prevalence was 9.3% including 1.6% of HPV-16 and 0.4% of HPV-18. Of all 270 HPV positive samples, 211 (78.1% were HR-HPV non 16/18; 47 (17.4%) were HPV-16 and 12 (4.4%) were HPV-18. The prevalence of HPV infection was similar in all age groups, although a higher rate was observed in women age 31-40 years. Among women with normal cytology, HR HPV positive were found in 6.7%. In abnormal cytology, HR HPV were found 46.7% in atypical squamous cells (ASC), 54.8% in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 80.0% in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). HPV-16 was detected in 8.6%, 6.4% and 12.0% of ASC, LSIL and HSIL, respectively. The results of this study provide baseline information on the HPV type distribution, which may be useful for clinicians to decide who should be monitored or treated more aggressively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.2610-2630
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• 2021

The aim of this paper is to propose the alternative algorithm to finish the process in public key cryptography. In general, the proposed method can be selected to finish both of modular exponentiation and point multiplication. Although this method is not the best method in all cases, it may be the most efficient method when the condition responds well to this approach. Assuming that the binary system of the exponent or the multiplier is considered and it is divided into groups, the binary system is in excellent condition when the number of groups is small. Each group is generated from a number of 0 that is adjacent to each other. The main idea behind the proposed method is to convert the exponent or the multiplier as the subtraction between two integers. For these integers, it is impossible that the bit which is equal to 1 will be assigned in the same position. The experiment is split into two sections. The first section is an experiment to examine the modular exponentiation. The results demonstrate that the cost of completing the modular multiplication is decreased if the number of groups is very small. In tables 7 - 9, four modular multiplications are required when there is one group, although number of bits which are equal to 0 in each table is different. The second component is the experiment to examine the point multiplication process in Elliptic Curves Cryptography. The findings demonstrate that if the number of groups is small, the costs to compute point additions are low. In tables 10 - 12, assigning one group is appeared, number of point addition is one when the multiplier of a point is an even number. However, three-point additions are required when the multiplier is an odd number. As a result, the proposed method is an alternative way that should be used when the number of groups is minimal in order to save the costs.