• Title/Summary/Keyword: UV-Vis 분광분석

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A study on characteristics of palace wallpaper in the Joseon Dynasty - Focusing on Gyeongbokgung Palace, Changdeokgung Palace and Chilgung Palace - (조선시대 궁궐 도배지 특성 연구 - 경복궁, 창덕궁, 칠궁을 중심으로 -)

  • KIM Jiwon;KIM Jisun;KIM, Myoungnam;JEONG Seonhwa
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.80-97
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    • 2023
  • By taking wallpaper specimens from Gyeongbokgung Palace, Changdeokgung Palace, and Chilgung Palace preserved from the late Joseon Dynasty to the present, we planned in this study to determine the types and characteristics of the paper used as wallpaper in the Joseon royal family. First, we confirmed the features of paper hanging in the palaces with old literature on the wallpaper used by the royal family based on archival research. Second, we conducted a field survey targeting the royal palaces whose construction period was relatively clear, and analyzed the first layer of wallpaper directly attached to the wall structure after sampling the specimens. Therefore, we confirmed that the main raw material was hanji, which was used as a wallpaper by the royal family, and grasped the types of substances(dyes and pigments) used to produce a blue color in spaces that must have formality by analyzing the blue-colored paper. Based on the results confirmed through the analysis, we checked documents and the existing wallpaper by comparing the old literature related to wallpaper records of the Joseon Dynasty palaces. We also built a database for the restoration of cultural properties when conserving the wallpaper in the royal palaces. We examined the changes in wallpaper types by century and the content according to the place of use by extracting wallpaper-related contents recorded in 36 cases of Uigwe from the 17th to 20th centuries. As a result, it was found that the names used for document paper and wallpaper were not different, thus document paper and wallpaper were used without distinction during the Joseon Dynasty. And though there are differences in the types of wallpaper depending on the period, it was confirmed that the foundation of wallpaper continued until the late Joseon Dynasty, with Baekji(white hanji), Hubaekji(thick white paper), jeojuji(common hanji used to write documents), chojuji(hanji used as a draft for writing documents) and Gakjang(a wide and thick hanji used as a pad). As a result of fiber identification by the morphological characteristics of fibers and the normal color reaction(KS M ISO 9184-4: Graph "C" staining test) for the first layer of paper directly attached to the palace wall, the main materials of hanji used by the royal family were confirmed and the raw materials used to make hanii in buildings of palaces based on the construction period were determined. Also, as a result of analyzing the coloring materials of the blue decorative paper with an optical microscope, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis(UV-Vis), and X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD), we determined that the type of blue decorative paper dyes and pigments used in the palaces must have formality and identified that the raw materials used to produce the blue color were natural indigo, lazurite and cobalt blue.

A Study of Characteristic based on Working Pressure of ITO Electrode for Display (디스플레이용 ITO 전극의 동작 압력에 따른 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Hae-Mun;Park, Hyung-Jun
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.392-397
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, Characteristics of the ITO thin film deposited were analyzed using DC magnetron sputtering in order to investigate the deposition conditions of ITO thin film for transparent electrode. The experiment conditions were atmospheric pressure from 1 to 3[mTorr] with 1 [mTorr] step, bias electric voltage ranged from 260[V] to 330[V] with 10[V] step. The transmittance, refractive index and surface and cross-sectional shape of the deposited thin film were measured with an UV.-VIS. spectrophotometer, ellipsometer and SEM. Such condition as 1~2[mTorr] and near 300[V] voltage the transmittance was over 90[%] and the refractive index more than 2. Therefore, it was confirmed that the appropriate condition for making a highly transparent conductive electrode.

단일 이온 빔 증착법을 이용한 $MgF_2$$ZrO_2$ 박막의 제조

  • 강종석;강성건;김홍락;김동수;김광일
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 1999.07a
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    • pp.150-150
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    • 1999
  • 재료의 광학적 특성을 변화시키기 위한 표면 코팅의 사용을 잘 알려져 있다. 그리고 이러한 광학 코팅은 우리가 주위에서 볼 수 있는 렌즈에서부터 레이저반사경 다 나아가 다양한 광학 필터에 이르기까지 빛의 간섭을 이용한 광학 박막의 코팅은 폭넓게 이용되고 있다. 그러한 응용가운데 불필요한 표면 반사를 방지함으로써 전체 투과율을 강화시키기 위한 무반사(Anti-Reflection) 코팅은 오늘날 광대역 무반사 특성 등 다양한 광학적 요구에 따라 하나 또는 그 이상의 층을 형성함으로써 극적으로 성취할 수 있다. 본 실험은 기존 많이 활용되는 증발법 그리고 스퍼터링 방법과는 달리 고진공하에서 증착 변수를 효과적으로 제어, 박막을 형성할 수 있는 자체 제작된 단일 IBS(Ion Beam Sputtering) 시스템을 이용하여 우수한 광학적 특성을 갖는 광학 재료로써 무반사용 다층박막 형성하기 앞서 MgF2, ZrO2 (yttria stabilized zirconia) 단층 박막을 제조하였으며, 각 증착 변수에 따른 결정학적 및 광학적 특성을 관찰하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 제조 장비로 Kaufman type 2.5inch의 이온 건이 장착된 Ion Beam sputtering 시스템으로 초기 진공도는 5$\times$10-6orr이며, 이온 빔의 전류 밀도는 Fareday cup을 이용했다. 6inch 크기의 ZrO2(yttria stabilized zirconia), MgF2 타겟트를 이용하여 Si(100), glass 기판위에 박막을 성장시켰다. 각 타겟트에 대한 증착변수로 이온 에너지, 기판온도, Ar 가스량을 변화시키면서 박막을 제조하였다. 제조된 박막의 광학적 특성으로 가시 영역에서 투과율의 변화는 자외/가시광선 분광 분석기 (UV/VIS specrophotometer)를 이용하여 측정했다. 그리고 박막의 조성 및 결정학적 구조는 AES EDS와 XRD로 확인하였다. 이온 빔 전압 500V, 빔 저류 55mA일 때 온도는 상온에서 30$0^{\circ}C$까지 승온 후 MgF2 박막의 XRD분석결과 우세한 결정성을 관찰할 수 없었으며, 이 때의 광 투과도는 가시영역에서 80~90%의 값으로 측정되었다. 추후 증착된 막의 결정성을 위해 열처리를 실시하고, 각 증착조건에 대한 결과는 학회 발표시 보고한다.

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Adsorption of phenol on metal treated by granular activated carbon (금속 침적처리에 따른 입상활성탄의 페놀흡착)

  • Kang, Kwang Cheol;Kim, Jin Won;Kwon, Soo Han;Kim, Seung Soo;Baik, Min Hoon;Choi, Jong Won
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.193-197
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    • 2007
  • In this study, the effect of metal treatment on granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated in the context of phenol adsorption. Cobalt(II) nitrate, and zinc(II) nitrate solution were used for metal treated. The specific surface area and the pore structure were evaluated from nitrogen adsorption data at 77 K. The phenol adsorption rates onto GAC were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Iodine adsorption capacity of Co-GAC is much better then that of the GAC. The Co-GAC with mesopore is more efficient than other adsorbents for the adsorption of polymer such as methyleneblue. The adsorption capacity of reference-GAC and metal-GAC were increased in order of Co-GAC>Zn-GAC>Reference-GAC, in spite of a decrease in specific surface area which was resulted from pore blocking by metal.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Soil Chemical Properties Using Soiltek® KA-P Spectrophotometer (Soiltek KA-P 분광광도계률 사용한 토양 화학적 성질의 분광학적 분석)

  • Hyun, Hae-Nam;Oh, Sang-Sil;Koo, Bon-Jun;Kang, Ho-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.127-138
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    • 2000
  • To enable rapid and convenient soil test, new soil analytical methods, which require only one instrument, UV/Vis spectrophotometer, were developed and named "Soiltek KA-P spectrophotometric methods". The Soiltek$^{(R)}$ KA-P spectrophotometric method was compared with standard method of RDA in analytical capability for soil chemical properties. Using the 78 soils collected from upland, paddy, orchard, and vinyl house soils, soil organic matter, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg. CEC, available $SiO_2$, and nitrate were analyzed by the two methods. The color stability(ratio of the absorbance at elapsed time t to the absorbance at time t=0) of organic matter. Ca, Mg, and available $SiO_2$ decreased to about 2% within one hour. However, that of exchangeable K, CEC, and nitrate remained constant. The results obtained with Soiltek$^{(R)}$ KA-P spectrophotometric method showed highly significant correlation with those measured by the standard method of RDA($R^2$ >0.9501), in which the slopes were near unity of $1.0{\pm}0.05$. The standard deviation values of organic matter, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, CEC, available $SiO_2$, and nitrate were apparently lower than ${\pm}1.8gkg^{-1}$, ${\pm}0.05cmol^+kg^{-1}$, ${\pm}0.18cmol^+kg^{-1}$, and ${\pm}0.13cmol^+kg^{-1}$, ${\pm}1.0cmol^+kg^{-1}$, ${\pm}5.0mgkg^{-1}$, and ${\pm}10.0mgkg^{-1}$, respectively. All the measurements showed coefficients of variation of less than 7~17% and were within the confidence level of 95%, which means both the methods are precise. Considering the relative simplicity, low cost, precision and accuracy, the proposed Soiltek$^{(R)}$ KA-P spectrophotometric methods could be recommended as an alternative to standard method.

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Analysis of Tridentate Schiff Base Ni(II) Complex (세자리 Schiff Base의 Ni(II) 착물의 분석)

  • Chae, Hee-Nam;Choi, Yong-Kook
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.332-340
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    • 1998
  • Tridentate Schiff base ligands, $SIPH_2$, $SIPCH_2$, $HNIPH_2$, and $HNIPCH_2$ were prepared by the reactions of salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with 2-aminophenol and 2-amino-p-cresol. Ni(II) complexes of those ligands were synthesized. The structures and properties of ligands and their complexes were studied by elemental analysis, $^1H$-NMR, IR, UV-visible spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis. The mole ratio of Schiff base to the metal of complexes was found to be 1:1. Ni(II) complexes were contemplated to be hexa-coordinated octahedral configuration containing three water molecules. The redox process of ligands and complexes in DMSO solution containing 0.1 M TBAP as supporting electrolyte was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry with glassy carbon electrode. The redox process of the tridentate Schiff base ligands was totally irreversible. The redox process of Ni(II) complexes were quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled as one electron by one step process Ni(II)/Ni(I). The reduction potentials of the Ni(II) complexes shifted in the positive direction in the order [$Ni(II)(HNIP)(H_2O)_3$]>[$Ni(II)(SIP)(H_2O)_3$]>[$Ni(II)(SIPC)(H_2O)_3$]>[$Ni(II)(HNIPC)(H_2O)_3$] and their dependence on ligands were not so high. Consequently the [$Ni(II)(HNIPC)(H_2O)_3$] complex among the synthesized Ni(II) complexes was found to be most stable in the DMSO solution.

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Mechanistic Studies for Electrochemical Oxidation of ${\iota}$-Sparteine (${\iota}$-Sparteine의 전기화학적 산화반응에 대한 메카니즘의 연구)

  • Jin-Hyo Park;Chang-Soo Jin;Sung-Nak Choi;Yoon-Bo Shim
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.37 no.8
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    • pp.711-716
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    • 1993
  • The mechanism for electrochemical oxidation of natural alkaloid, ${\iota}$-sparteine (SP) was studied in acetonitrile solvent. The cyclic voltammogram of SP shows two irreversible anodic peaks at +0.75 V and +1.45 V vs. Ag/AgCl (0.1M AgNO$_2$ in acetonitrile) electrode. Coulometry reveals that the number of electrons involved in each oxidation peaks is in the range of 1.2∼1.3 respectively. Neutral imine radical was produced by fast deprotonation of SP radical cation formed by oxidation of one nitrogen atom in SP. Two pathways are possible for the reaction of the neutral radical: Due to the disproportionation of the radical, SP and enamine were mainly produced. Also, the 1,2-dehydrosparteinium cation was formed as minor product through the second one electron transfer oxidation of this radical. The (+)-lupanine was produced by treatment of sparteinium cation with potassium hydroxide. We have isolated and confirmed the electrolysis products using IR, GC-MS, UV-Vis, and thin-layer spectroelectrochemical method.

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A Mineralogical and Gemological Studies for the Enhancement of Tanzania Ruby by Heat Treatment (탄자니아산 루비의 열처리에 의한 보석·광물학적 품질개선 연구)

  • Kim, Seon-Ok;Wang, Sookyun;Oh, Sul-Mi;Park, Hee Yul;Park, Maeng-Eon
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.563-569
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    • 2014
  • Ruby is one of the most favor colored gem, for beautiful red tone, be high in scarcity value. However, rubies with high quality are produced in restricted regions, such as in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Tanzania etc., and they have been gradually exhausted by mining for a long period. Therefore, improving qualities of low level rubies with various treatments is arising an alternative way to obtain better rubies. Gemological and mineralogical properties of the natural ruby from Tanzanian were studied with heat treatments. Those characteristics were compared between only heat and adding flux materials under heating. Tanzanian raw rubies were applied a heat treatment ($1,600^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours). However, chromameter and UV-Vis analyses found that a simple heat treatment is inappropriated for the Tanzanian ruby. Although $Cr^{3+}$ containing for red color in the ruby increased with heat treatment, the ruby displays dark medium red because of Fe in the ruby as a form of $Fe_2O_3$. The low transparency after heat treatment is attributed to the recrystallization of $SiO_2$ which has a low melting point. Chromameter confirmed adding Pb-containing flux under heating greatly improves the clarity and color of Tanzanian rubies with micro-fractures and cavities on the surface. EMPA results show that Pb as an additive fills the cavities and cracks on raw Tanzanian rubies during the heat treatment. As a rewult of it, the quality of the Tanzanian ruby raw dramatically improved. These results indicate that the heat treatment with an additive (Pb in this study) is an effective way to obtain better quality of the Tanzanian ruby. Consequently, this study suggests a suitable method to improve the properties of the Tanzanina ruby. The result of this study would provide useful information to upgrade the qualities of similar gem stones such as corundum and sapphire.

Synthesis of Visible-working Pt-C-TiO2 Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Dye Wastewater (염료폐수 분해를 위한 가시광 감응형 Pt-C-TiO2 광촉매의 합성)

  • Hahn, Mi Sun;Yun, Chang Yeon;Yi, Jongheop
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 2005
  • Among various metal oxides semiconductors, $TiO_2$ is the most studied semiconductor for environmental clean-up applications due to its unique ability in photocatalyzing various organic contaminants, its chemical inertness, and nontoxicity. $TiO_2$, however, has a few drawbacks to be solved such as reactivity mainly working under ultraviolet irradiation (${\lambda}$ < 387 nm) and electron - hole recombination on $TiO_2$. In this study, to extend the absorption range of $TiO_2$ into the visible range and enhance electron - hole separation, we synthesized platinum (Pt) deposited $C-TiO_2$. The presence of Pt as an electron sink has been known to snhance the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and induce the thermal decomposition. The characterization of as-synthesized $Pt-C-TiO_2$ was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM), the Brunuer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), UV-vis spectrometer (UV-DRS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). In order to estimate the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials, the photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). In order to estimate the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials, the photodegradation experiment of an azo dye (Acid Red 44; $C_{10}H_7N=NC_{10}H_3(SO_3Na)_2OH$)was carried out by using an Xe arc lamp (300 W, Oriel). A 420 nm cut-off filter was used for visible light irradiation. From the results, Pt-deposited $C-TiO_2$ showed a far superior phothdegradation activity to Degussa P25, the commercial product under the irradiation of visible light and enhanced photocatalytic activity of visible-working $C-TiO_2$. This is a useful result into the application for the purification system of dye wastewater using visible energy of sun light.

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Effect of Interaction between Protocatechualdehyde Produced from Streptomyces lincolnensis M-20 and Copper Ions on Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant Activities (Streptomyces lincolnensis M-20 균주에서 생산된 Protocatechualdehyde와 구리 이온의 상호 작용이 항 산화 및 산화 촉진 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Ja;Lee, Jae-Hun;Yang, Yong-Joon
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.22-26
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    • 2014
  • Protocatechualdehyde (PA) is phenolic compound having antioxidative and antitumor activities. PA was purified from supernatant of Streptomyces lincolnensis M-20. In the presence of copper ion, PA acted as pro-oxidant. The antioxidant activity was assessed with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and the pro-oxidant effect of PA on DNA damage as pBR322 plasmid DNA-cleaving agents in the presence of Cu(II) ions was investigated. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the DNA damage was confirmed by the inhibition of the DNA breakage by using glutathione (GSH), specific scavenger of ROS. When the increase in ROS reaches a certain level (the toxic threshold), it may trigger cell death. The formation of the PA/Cu(II) chelate complex was confirmed by reaction with ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), a well-known chelating agent for metal ions, by using UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis.