• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.416-422
• /
• 2013

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary olive oil on growth performance, carcass parameters, serum characteristics, and fatty acid composition of breast and drumstick meat in broiler chickens. A total of 480 broilers were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments, including T (basal diet, 5% tallow), O1 (2% olive oil+3% tallow), and O2 (5% olive oil). During d 0 to 21, broilers fed the diet supplemented with 5% olive oil showed lower (p<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) compared with those fed the T diet. Serum triglyceride concentration was reduced (p<0.05), while high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration was increased (p<0.05) in the O2 treatment group compared with the T and O1 treatment groups. The addition of olive oil to the diets induced a reduction (p<0.05) in the total saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents in breast and drumstick meat, and increased (p<0.05) the total unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) contents and USFA/SFA ratios. In conclusion, a diet with 5% olive oil could decrease BWG and FI of broilers during the starter period (wk 0 to 3), and cause an increase in the serum HDL-cholesterol level, while decreasing the serum triglyceride concentration. Furthermore, USFA level and USFA/SFA ratios in breast and drumstick meat were increased by dietary supplementation of 2 or 5% olive oil.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권8호
• /
• pp.1055-1062
• /
• 2012

Two SNPs, i.e. L127V and T172M, of bovine growth hormone (GH) causing the presence of GH gene haplotypes A, B, and C was previously shown to alter intramuscular fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese Black (JB) heifers. To determine the SNP effect on somatotropic hormone concentration and lipogenesis, we measured plasma GH, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. We also measured mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1) and FA composition in diaphragm tissues. Heifers with genotype CC had the lowest plasma insulin concentration and FASN and SCD mRNA levels among genotypes. FASN mRNA levels in haplotype A tended to positively correlate with saturated FA (SFA) content and negatively correlated with C18:2 and unsaturated FA (USFA) contents. SCD mRNA levels in haplotype A positively correlated with monounsaturated FA (MUFA) contents and negatively correlated with C18:0 content. They also tended to positively correlate with C16:1, C18:1, and USFA contents and USFA/SFA ratio and negatively correlate with SFA content. Taken together, GH gene polymorphism affects the lipogenic genes expression levels and their relationships with fatty acid compositions in diaphragm tissues of JB heifers at 31 months of age.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.1126-1131
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 각기 다른 형태의 지방산이 ICR mice의 혈중 지질 농도에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 8주령 수컷 ICR mice를 일반 식이섭취군(C), 10%의 트랜스 불포화 지방산 섭취군(TFA-1), 30% 트랜스 불포화 지방산 섭취군(TFA-2), 50% 트랜스 불포화 지방산 섭취군(TFA-3), 50% 포화 지방산 섭취군(SFA), 불포화 지방산 섭취군(USFA) 으로 나누어 식이 하였다. 혈중 총 콜레스테롤의 수치는 TFA-3 군과 SFA 군의 지질함량이 다른 군에 비하여 높았으며, 중성지방지수 역시 높게 나타났다. 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방수치를 이용하여 나타낸 LDL 콜레스테롤의 경우에도 50%의 트랜스 지방산을 섭취한 군에서 포화 지방산을 섭취한 군과 유사한 결과가 나타났다. 이에 반해, 10%, 30%의 트랜스 지방산을 섭취한 군에서는 일반식이 섭취군과 비슷한 결과가 나타났다. 이는 많은 양의 트랜스 불포화지방산을 짧은 기간 동안 섭취하더라도 포화지방산을 섭취한 것과 유사한 효과를 나타낸다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of $\alpha$-, ${\gamma}$-, $\delta$-Tocopherols on oxidative stability of lipid in hamburger patties during frozen storage. Hamburger patty samples were prepared with the addition of tocopherol by fat basis: control, treat 1 (control+0.02% $\alpha$-tocopherol), treat 2 (control+ 0.02% ${\gamma}$-tocopherol were cooked at 85$^{\circ}C$ for 3 minutes and the stored at -1$0^{\circ}C$ or 3$0^{\circ}C$). The fatty acids composition of the hamburger samples were analyzed during the storage periods (1, 20, 40, 60 and 80 days). there was no difference in the fatty acids composition among control and treatment groups in early storage time; however, content of unsaturated fatty acid was decreased in control group and slightly decreased or almost not changed in treatment groups as the storage period passed. No difference in the ratio of saturated fatty acid : unsaturated fatty acid (SFA : USFA) and saturated fatty acid : monounsaturated fatty acid : unsaturated fatty acid (SFA : MUFA : PUFA) between control and treatment groups at early storage time. However, SFA : USFA and SFA : MUFA : PUFA was decreased in control and slightly decreased or not changed in all treatment groups as the storage period passed.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.547-552
• /
• 2002

The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effects of intraperitoneally-administrated vitamin E, dl-alpha lipoic acid, and linalool on the level of total lipid and fatty acid in guinea pig brains with oxidative stress that was induced by $H_2O_2$. The total brain lipid content in the $H_2O_2$ group decreased when compared to the $H_2O_2$ + vitamin E (p<0.05), $H_2O_2$ + linalool (p<0.05), ALA (p<0.05), control (p<0.01), linalool (p<0.01), and vitamin E (p<0.01) groups. While the proportion of total saturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}SFA$) in the $H_2O_2$ group significantly increased (p<0.005) when compared to the vitamin E group, it only slightly increased (p<0.01) when compared to the control and $H_2O_2$ + vitamin E groups. The ratio of the total unsaturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}USFA$) in the $H_2O_2$ groups was lower (p<0.05) than the control, vitamin E, and $H_2O_2$ + vitamin E groups. The level of the total polyunsaturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}PUEA$) in the $H_2O_2$ group decreased in when compared to the control, vitamin E, and $H_2O_2$ + vitamin E groups. While the proportion of the total w3 (omega 3), w6 (omega 6), and PUFA were found to be lowest in the $H_2O_2$ group, they were slightly increased (p<0.05) in the lipoic acid group when compared to the control and $H_2O_2$ + lipoic acid groups. However, the level of ${\Sigma}SFA$ in the $H_2O_2$ group was highest; the level of ${\Sigma}USFA$ in same group was lowest. As the proportion of ${\Sigma}USFA$ and ${\Sigma}PUFA$ were found to be highest in the linalool group, they were decreased in the $H_2O_2$ group when compared to the control group. Our results show that linalool has antioxidant properties, much the same as vitamin E and lipoic acid, to prevent lipid peroxidation. Additionally, vitamin E, lipoic acid, and linalool could lead to therapeutic approaches for limiting damage from oxidation reaction in unsaturated fatty acids, as well as for complementing existing therapy for the treatment of complications of oxidative damage.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.80-88
• /
• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the different physicochemical properties of various lipid sources in beef patties during storage for 6 months. Four groups of samples were made of beef meat patties with 22% of tallow, lard, chicken fat and 20% of palm oil. On the analysis result of physicochemical compositions, the patty has its own fatty acids composition and characteristic different from other lipids. Patty with chicken fat has the highest percentage of unsaturated fatty acid composition of 61.0% compared to the other groups of patties. Beef patty with chicken fat has 18.8% of poly unsaturated fatty acid(USFA) and beef patty with beef lipid has 1.5% of poly USFA which is the least percentage among the others. SFA/USFA ratio of beef patty with chicken lipid was 0.5 which was the least value. The composition of PUFA in beef patty with lard increased to 10.0% from 1.9% over initial value after storage for 6 months. On the contrary, the composition of PUFA in beef patty with chicken fat decreased to 9.2% from 18.8% over initial value after 6 months. Volatile free fatty acids of beef patties were evaluated with four kinds of lipid sources. Formic acid was the most as of 59$\mu\textrm{g}$/g in beef patty with tallow, acetic acid was 15$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, and heptanoic acid was 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/g at starting time of storage. However, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and caproic acid were not detected. After 6 months, formic acid decreased from 59$\mu\textrm{g}$/g to 7$\mu\textrm{g}$/g in the patty with tallow, from 12$\mu\textrm{g}$/g to non-detect level in the patty with palm oil, but two the others patties slightly increased. Volatile compounds in meat patties were reported nearly 1000 kinds of chemical compounds. Beef patty with tallow has aldehydes 5.3, alcohol 1.3, hydrocarbon 0.8, ketones 0.2, ester 0.1, furans 0.1, acid 0.04, sulfur 0.03 in peak area at starting and increased to aldehydes 8.5, alcohol 2.1, ketones 0.5, ester 1.0, furans 1.5 in peak area during the storage. But only furans was not detected after 6 months of storage. From starting to 6 months, aldehydes increased 2∼10 times, alcohol increased 2∼3 times, acids 4∼50 times and ester 9∼20 times in beef patties with pork lipid, chicken lipid and palm oil. Some volatile compounds such as alcohol, aldehydes and acids in all kinds of patties significantly increased after 6 months of storage. These increases cause oxidative rancidity taste in meat patties. These results showed that selt-life of meat patties with 4 different lipids were not over 6 months even though they were stored at -20$^{circ}C$. Therefore, they should be classified as off-grade because of oxidative rancidity. Although beef patties with tallow are currently common type, the possibility for new type of hamburg patty can be developed by applying different lipids. Finally, we found out new type of beef patty added with lard, which has the best taste and quality compared to the other common types.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국초전도저온공학회 1999년도 제1회 학술대회논문집(KIASC 1st conference 99)
• /
• pp.202-206
• /
• 1999

This paper presents operating process of the Stirling cryocooler and results obtained with the performance test for Signal Usfa UP 7075 Stirling cryocooler. An experimental study was carried out to develop the more reliable Stirling cryocooler. The cooldown characteristics and load characteristics are described. The lowest temperature measured in the Stirling cryocooler wa 62.5K and the cooling capacity at the optimum operating condition was 0.4W at 77K. At that time, carnot COP was 0.024.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2011

택사와 겨우살이가 육계의 생산성 및 면역성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였으며, 공시동물은 육계 초생 추 140수를 4처리구 5반복 반복당 7수씩 공시하여 5주간 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 처리구는 무항생제 사료 급여구를 대조구로 하고 항생제 처리구(기초 사료+ OTC 0.05%), 택사 처리구(기초 사료+ 택사 0.5%) 및 겨우살이 처리구(기초 사료+겨우살이 0.5%)로 하였다. 증체량과 사료 섭취량은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 사료 요구율은 택사 처리구가 겨우살이 및 기타 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 도체의 지방산 분석에서${\omega}$3 및${\omega}$6 계열의지방산인linolenic acid, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid 및 arachidonic acid의 함량은 겨우살이 및 택사 급여구에서 항생제 처리구에 비해 비교적 높았으며, SFA, USFA 및 USFA/SFA의 함량은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 혈중의 IgG의 농도는 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 택사와 겨우살이 처리구가 높았으며, IL2의 농도는 택사와 겨우살이 처리구에서 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). IL6는 검출되지 않았다. 겨우살이 첨가구에서 GOT, GPT 및 T-billirubin이 유의적으로 높게 검출됨으로써 간장의 손상을 일으킬 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 육계 사료에 택사 0.5%와 겨우살이 0.5% 첨가 급여는 생산성은 항생제 첨가와 유사한 효과가 있고 면역성은 증가시켰다. 따라서 항생제 대체제로 사용 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제53권4호
• /
• pp.357-365
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 분쇄 통보리 사료의 급여 수준이 비육 후기 한우 거세우의 지방산, 유리아미노산, 유기산, pH, 콜레스테롤, 페놀 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 분쇄 통보리 급여 기준을(배합사료 기준으로 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% 분쇄 통보리 첨가) 5 처리하여 실시하였으며 처리구당 6두씩(구당 평균 체중 588.6 kg) 배치하고 비육후기 6개월 동안 처리구 별로 사육하였다. 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 지방산 조성비율에서는 linoleic acid 성분은 C구에 비하여 분쇄통보리 첨가구(T1, T2, T3, T4)가 높은 경향을 보였으며, 특히 분쇄 통보리 30%를 첨가한 T3구가 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 그러나 나머지 지방산들에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. SFA, USFA, MUFA 및 USFA/SFA 비율에서는 처리간 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 PUFA 비율에서는 C구에 비하여 보리첨가구들이 높았으며, 특히 T3구는 다른 구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 아미노산 함량 중 필수아미노산은 T1 > T2 > C > T3 > T4구 순으로 높았으며(P<0.01), 비필수 아미노산 함량은 T2 > T3 > T1 > C > T4구 순으로 높았지만 상호 처리간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 총유기산 함량은 T3구가 20.15 mg/100 g으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타낸 반면 T2구는 13.19 mg/100 g으로 가장 낮은 함량을 나타냈다(P<0.05). pH와 총페놀 함량은 상호처리간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. HDL 콜레스테롤 함량은 T1 > C > T4 > T2 > T3 구 순으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.01), DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 T1 > T2 > T4 > C > T3구 순으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 이상 결과를 종합해 보면, T1 (분쇄 통보리 10% 첨가 급여) 처리구가 다른 구에 비하여 등심부위의 필수아미노산, HDL 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제30권11호
• /
• pp.979-982
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding Tenebrio molitor L Powder to broiler feed on fatty acid profiles in broiler breast meat. In total, 180 broiler chicks (1-day old Arbor Acres) were included. The birds were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, with 3 replicate subgroups each(30 birds per subgroup), and fed a diet for 35 days without (control) or with 1% Tenebrio molitor L powder (treatment). Among individual fatty acids, addition of Tenebrio molitor L. powder resulted in slightly higher C18:1n-9, C20:3n-3 and C20:3n-6 contents, and lower C18:2n-6 content compared withcontrols (p<0.05). No remarkable differences in total SFA and total USFA contents were found between groups. In conclusion, inclusion of Tenebrio molitor L. in broiler diets did not improve overall fatty acid profiles.