• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2003

Many software reliability growth models (SRGM's) based on a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) have been proposed by many researchers. Most of the SRGM's which have been proposed up to the present treat the event of software fault-detection in the testing and operational phases as a counting process. However, if the size of the software system is large, the number of software faults detected during the testing phase becomes large, and the change of the number of faults which are detected and removed through debugging activities becomes sufficiently small compared with the initial fault content at the beginning of the testing phase. Therefore, in such a situation, we can model the software fault-detection process as a stochastic process with a continuous state space. In this paper, we propose a new software reliability growth model describing the fault-detection process by applying a mathematical technique of stochastic differential equations of an Ito type. We also compare our model with the existing SRGM's in terms of goodness-of-fit for actual data sets.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.310-315
• /
• 1998

The effect of red ginseng saponins (total saponins, Rbl- and Rgl- fraction of saponins) on the induction of $\beta$-galactosidase in yeast, hccharomyces cereuisiae, was investigated to see that ginseng saponins would penetrate the cell membrane and have a function in a nucleus as steroid hormones do. To attain such a kind of purpose, a DNA fragment (685bp) containing GALI promoter was inserted into the sites of EcoRl and BamHl of polylinker region, upstream of lace gene of the plasmid YEp356 (7.966 Kb), and thus the resulting plasmid pGALl-lacZ is supposed to express $\beta$- galactosidase only in the presence of galactose. The plasmid pGALl -lacZ was introduced into yeast, Ky106 (a leu2 ura3 his3 trp 1 Iys2), and the growth of the transformed cells was much slower in the presence of galactose than glucose. The effects of saponins on the specific activity of P-galactosidase from transformed yeast cells were detected. No significant increase was observed in case of total saponins, but the Rbl- or Rgl- fraction of saponins gave much higher increase in the activity. Maximum increase was observed as 35% in 10-3% of Rbl and as 75% in 10-1% of Rgl. These data suggest that ginseng saponins might be able to enter the nucleus and stimulate transcription. However, further studies to find out the putative saponin receptor are needed to confirm this possibility. Key words : Red ginseng saponin, $\beta$-galactosidase induction, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 1996

Variation in triacylglycerols(TGs) and fatty acids in Fucus serratus was analyzed for a period of one year. TGs were more concentrated during the summer(2.8mg/g dw)and autumn(2.6mg/g dw) than during the spring (0,7mg/g dw)and winter (0.5mg/g dw). The dominant fatty acides in total liqid were palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$, 24.1%), oleic acid (($C_{18:1}$, 22.4%) and arachidonic acid (($C_{20:4}$, 14.4%) but the dominant ones in TG were $C_{16:0}$(22.8%), $C_{18:1}$(36.4%) and $C_{18:2}$(linoleic acid, 16.4%). The levels of $C_16$ fatty acids were high in winter while $C_18$ in summer and autumn. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) were more abundant in the $C_20$ series, while the UFAs of the $C_16$ were low. Especially, the amount of arachidonic acid ($C_{20:4}$, 14.4% of total fatty acids (TFA) was more abundant than that of eicosapentaenoic acid ($C_{20:5}$, 10.4% of TFA). The amount of $C_{20:4}$ and $C_{20:5}$,in TG was 9.2% and 4.8%, respectively. These UFAs in total lipid were thus higher than TG. Therefore, the synthesis of TG and fatty acid was stimulated by the alternation of emersion and submersion of thalli from sea water and eco-physiological conditions during summer: high temperature and light, and low concentration of nitrogen.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.11 no.4 s.29
• /
• pp.75-91
• /
• 2005

This study designs an integrated data architecture to systematically manage the agricultural statistics database. Managing the agricultural statistics is important since it provides data for policies and decision making for agribusinesses. Ministry of Agriculture and the National Statistical Office collect the basic agricultural statistic data which provides the basis of logical decision making and agricultural policies. However, the agricultural statistic data has not well been used. The data has not been consistently collected nor managed. The raw data has not been organized nor processed to meet various demands. The needs has been arisen for a consistent agricultural statistics system to increase the relevance, accessibility, and efficiency of data for various users. There are massive amount of data accumulated over a long time period. Introducing the new system and reorganizing the data will bear large risks. A systematic method is required to reduce the risks in planing, building, and maintaining the database without hindering administration. This study provides a design of the agricultural statistics system architecture based on the user requirement analysis (URA) and similar systems abroad. We have also build a prototype to check the implementability of the system design.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.650-655
• /
• 1998

The chromosomal DNA fragment from Phaffia rhodozyma CBS 6938 which is able to autonomously replicate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned on an integrative URA3 plasmid. Its minimal fragment exhibiting autonomously replicating activiy in the S. cerevisiae gave a higher frequency transformation efficiency than that found for centromere-based plasmid, and enabled extrachromosoma1ly stable transmission of the plasmids in one copy per yeast cell under non-selective culture condition. The 836-bp DNA element lacked an ORF and did not contain any acceptable match to an ARS core consensus. Sequence analysis, however, displayed a cluster of three hairpin-Ioop-sequences with individual $\triangle {G_{25}}^{\circ}C$ free energy value of -10.0, -17.5, and -17.0 kcal. $mor^{-l}$as well as a 9-bp sequence with two base pair mismatches to the S. cerevisiae/E. coli gyrase-binding site. This 836-bp sequence also included one 7-bp sequence analogous to the core consensus of centromeric DNA element III (CDEIII) of S. cerevisiae, but CDEIII-like 7 bp sequence alone did not give a replicative function in this yeast.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2014

Early 20th century Singapore was faced with the problem of overcrowding. The attendant problems of a rapid increase in population density, namely the lack of proper housing and sanitation, resulted in the issue of an appropriate residential environment emerging as an important task in urban planning. It was necessary to construct housing estates in order to solve this issue. At that time, the British colonial government attempted to transplant modern technology into the construction process of a residential complex system. However, Singapore's climate and traditional lifestyle made it impossible to apply the British modern system in a straightforward manner, and in the process, a number of transformations emerged. With a specific focus on the Tiong Bahru estate, one of Singapore's representative public housing projects, from the 1930s through the 1950s, this study intends to look at the way in which such residential estates were assimilated into local surroundings, and the effect of the transplantation of British concepts of modern housing theory. Therefore, the study is divided into an examination of the estate both before and after the turning point of World War II. This study confirms that the difference between the pre-war and post-war planning strategies for the Tiong Bahru estate were made according to the concept of 'open space.'

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.13
• /
• pp.5433-5438
• /
• 2015

Background: Systemic chemotherapy for patients with metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) is generally palliative, although some patients experience long-term survival after treatment. Thus, we identified clinical characteristics that are associated with long-term survival of patients with MGC after palliative chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 514 MGC patients who received systemic chemotherapy at our institution from 2001 to 2008. To identify clinical predictors of survival beyond 2 years, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, and 5-year survival rates were estimated among MGC patients following chemotherapy. Results: Among 514 patients, 96 (19%) and 16 (3%) survived beyond 2 and 5 years, respectively, and performance status of 0 or 1 (odds ratio [OR]=3.39; p=0.01), previous gastrectomy (OR=1.86; p=0.01), single metastatic site (OR=1.80; p=0.03), and normal alkaline phosphatase levels (OR=2.81; p<0.01) were identified as independent predictors of long-term survival. Of the 16 5-year survivors, six were alive at the end of the study and showed no evidence of disease despite cessation of chemotherapy. Conclusions: The present data demonstrate distinct clinical characteristics that are associated with long-term survival of MGC patients, and indicated that palliative chemotherapy can be curative in highly selected patients.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.401-404
• /
• 2010

Tho1 is a RNA-binding protein that assembles co-transcriptionally onto the nascent mRNA and is thought to be involved in mRNP biogenesis and mature mRNA export to cytoplasm in budding yeast. In fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a homologue of THO1 (spTho1) was identified based on sequence alignment. A deletion mutant in a diploid strain was constructed by replacing one of spTho1-coding region with an ura4+ gene using one-step gene disruption method. Tetrad analysis showed that the spTho1 was not essential for growth. The spTho1 mutant did not show any defects of bulk mRNA export. However, over-expression of spTho1 from strong nmt1 promoter caused the growth defects and accumulation of poly(A)$^+$ RNA in the nucleus. These results suggest that spTho1 is involved in mRNA export from the nucleus to cytoplasm though it is not essential.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.249-253
• /
• 2014

THOC7/Mft1 is a member of the THO complex that is an evolutionally conserved assembly connecting transcription elongation with mRNP packaging and mRNA export. In fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an ortholog (spThoc7) of THOC7/Mft1 was isolated by partial complementation of the lethality in synthetic lethal mutant, SLRsm1. A deletion mutant in a diploid strain was constructed by replacing one of spThoc7-coding region with an $ura4^+$ gene using one-step gene disruption method. Tetrad analysis showed that the spthoc7 is nonessential for growth. But the ${\Delta}thoc7$ null mutant showed slight defects of both growth and mRNA export. And the functional spThoc7-GFP protein is localized mainly in the nucleus. These results suggest that spThoc7 is also involved in mRNA export from the nucleus to cytoplasm.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.80-84
• /
• 2008

We constructed the null mutants of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe spDbp5 gene that is homologous to DEAD-box RNA helicase DBP5 in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which plays important roles in mRNA export out of nucleus. A null mutant in an $h^+/h^+$ diploid strain was constructed by replacing the spDbp5-coding region with an $ura4^+$ gene using one-step gene disruption method. Tetrad analysis showed that the spDbp5 is essential for vegetative growth. The haploid spDbp5 null mutants harboring pREP81X-spDbp5 plasmid showed extensive $poly(A)^+$ RNA accumulation in the nucleus and decrease in the cytoplasm after repression of spDbp5 expression. These results suggest that spDbp5 is also involved in mRNA export from the nucleus.