• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2024

The city is developing into a smart city. Smart villages and smart farms are developing in rural areas. Architectural technology needs synergy with smart cities, smart villages, and smart factories (intelligent factories) to help architectural experts understand smart farms and build facilities and equipment. Smart farms require design and construction technology with architectural structure and function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status and cases of smart farms in Korea and to investigate cases abroad. The conclusion is as follows. ① Smart farms are developing rapidly. The Korean government is expanding smart farms by utilizing ICT technology and infrastructure. ② 'Smart Farm Innovation Valley', which has been promoted since 2018, is a cutting-edge convergence cluster industrial complex that integrates production, education, and research functions such as start-ups and technological innovation. ③ In domestic cases, smart farms are operated in subway stations, buildings, supermarkets, and restaurants. ④ In the Japanese case, a dome-type smart farm was being operated. It utilized factory wastewater, waste heat, renewable energy, and used new materials. Otemachi Ranch raised livestock and provided a lounge on the 13th floor of the building. ⑤ In the cases of Korea and Japan, the smart farm technology is very similar. As stated earlier, since the food culture and agricultural technology of both countries are similar, we hope to promote the development of smart farms that can reduce concerns about future food by communicating and sharing mutual technologies.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-68
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review thread-embedding treatment studies for depression, anxiety, and dementia and examine the effectiveness and safety of thread-embedding treatment. Methods: Ten domestic and international search databases were used for study selection, including CNKI, PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycArticles, RISS, OASIS, and KCI. We included studies that presented diagnostic or appropriate criteria for depression, anxiety, and dementia, and randomized control studies using thread-embedding therapy. We searched papers published until October 10, 2023. Results: Twenty-one studies were selected, of which 11 studies were conducted on depression, nine on dementia, and one on anxiety disorders. The most commonly used acupoint for depression was Gansu (BL18), whereas zusanli (ST36) and fenglong (ST40) were used for dementia. The most commonly used type of thread was 1-0 United States pharmacopeia (USP) and 1 cm for depression and 2-0 USP and 1 cm for dementia. The treatment period for most of the studies was once every 2 weeks and for 8 weeks. Among the included studies, 17 showed significant improvements in depression scales, such as Hamilton depression rating scale and Self rating depression scale, activities of daily living scales, and cognitive function scales, such as Hasegawa dementia scale and Mini-mental state examination. Six studies reported adverse events, and no studies reported significant adverse events. Two studies reported follow-ups. Conclusions: This study presents limited evidence for the effectiveness and safety of thread-embedding therapy for depression, anxiety, and dementia. Well-designed studies are needed to review the clinical efficacy and safety of thread-embedding therapy in the future.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2023

본 연구는 액셀러레이터 보육 프로그램의 학습방식에 관하여 글로벌 지향 ICT 분야 액셀러레이터를 중심으로 스타트업에 제공하는 학습방식을 분류 및 확인하였다. 액셀러레이터 보육 프로그램 운영을 담당하는 액셀러레이터 실무자 8개 사의 인터뷰를 진행하고, 인터뷰 결과를 질적 분석하여 액셀러레이터가 보육 프로그램을 통해 스타트업에 제공하는 다양한 학습방식을 도출하여 시사점을 제공하였다. 학습방식을 확인 및 분류하기 위해 연구자가 다양한 선행문헌을 검토하여 사용이 적절하다고 판단한 경험축적, 관찰, 실험, 시행착오, 임기응변의 학습방식을 질적 분석의 a priori code로 활용하였고, 인터뷰 결과는 주제분석을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과 액셀러레이터의 보육 프로그램이 스타트업에 제공하는 학습방식은 경험축적, 관찰, 시행착오, 실험, 임기응변 등 5개의 범주 별 각 2개, 총 10개의 하위범주를 도출하여 확인하였다. 본 연구는 액셀러레이터의 주요 기능인 보육 프로그램에 관한 연구가 부족한 상황에서 학습에 대한 관점에서 액셀러레이터의 보육 프로그램이 보육 스타트업에 어떤 학습방식을 제공하고 있는지에 대한 결과를 도출하였다. 이는 학문적 및 실무적으로 액셀러레이터의 보육 프로그램이 스타트업에 제공하는 학습방식에 대한 이해도를 높이고, 조직학습에 대한 관점에서 액셀러레이터의 보육 프로그램이 보육 스타트업에 어떤 학습방식을 제공하고 있는지에 대한 관점을 확대했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 액셀러레이터는 보육 스타트업에 충분한 학 습방식을 제공할 수 있는 보육 프로그램 개선에 활용할 수 있으며, 보육 프로그램 참여를 고민하는 스타트업이라면 보육 프로그램 참여를 결정하는 데도 도움이 될 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.101-135
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• 1968

As physical fitness measured was muscle strength (hand grips, leg extention, back lift, and arm pull and thrust), skinfold thickness (5 different sites), circulatory function (resting heart rate and blood pressure), speed (kinesiological analysis during 100m sprint, record, maximal and final speed), motor function (50 meter dash, ball throwing, standing broad jump, and pull-ups), maximal aerobic power (maximum oxygen intake by field running method), muscle power (leg and arm by inertia ergometer), and general endurance (maximum endurance running time on the treadmill at the speed of 5 MPH and grade of 15.5%) of 1131 Korean children (boys 572, girls 559) aged of 6 to 17 years, who were randomly sampled from 24 primary, middle and high schools at the two districts of Seoul and KyungKi. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The status (height and weight) of the children was almost same as that of the previously reported Korean and Japanese children of same ages. 2) Muscle strength was a gained linearly with geting age in the boys and girls but there was a little improvement in girls aged of 13 years or more. 3) The mean skin fold thickness was increased linearly with geting ages in both sexes, but the girls from 12 to 17 years of age were increased rapidly, and maximum value was 17mm, while boys was 7.0 mm. 4) In the circulatory function, the resting heart rate was decreased, but the blood pressure was increased with ages in both sexes within the normal limits. 5) The maximum and final speed during 100 meter sprint increases with age in boys but girls who are 12 years old or older, were not improved any mere. The patterns of running were same in both sexes, and maximum speed reached at about 30 meters from starting line. 6) The motor function was increased with age in both sexes, but there was no improvement in 12 years of age or older girls. More over records of all functions except standing broad jump was less than those of Japanese in the same age, respectively. 7) The maximum oxygen intake (MOI) was increased considerably with ages and maximum values were 2.93 L/min (boys) and 2.09 L/min (girls) at the age of 17years. This result was almost same as that of the Japanese and Easter Island population, but the value was lower than that of Europe. The average of the maximum oxygen intake per kg body weight per minute from 9 to 17 years of age were around 53 ml in the boys and 42 ml in the girls. 8) Muscle power was increased linearly with ages in boys while there was relatively a little increment in girls. The maximum values of leg muscle in boys and girls at the 17 years of age were 0.168 and 0.088 horse power, respectively. 9) The maximum endurance running time was increased considerably from the age of 9 in boys, while there was no improvement in girls. The maximum values were 6.0 min and 1.8 min, respectively.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2016

The Electrostatic Charge Prevention Technology is a core factor that highly influences the yield of Ultra High Resolution Flat Panel Display and high-integrated semiconductor manufacturing processes. The corona or x-ray ionizations are commonly used in order to eliminate static charges during manufacturing processes. To develop such a revolutionary x-ray ionizer that is free of x-ray radiation and has function to control the volume of ion formation simultaneously is a goal of this research and it absolutely overcomes the current risks of x-ray ionization. Under the International Commission on Radiological Protection, it must have a leakage radiation level that should be lower than a recommended level that is $1{\mu}Sv/hour$. In this research, the new generation of x-ray ionizer can easily control both the volume of ion formation and the leakage radiation level at the same time. In the research, the test constraints were set and the descriptions are as below; First, In order not to leak x-ray radiation while testing, the shielding box was fully installed around the test equipment area. Second, Implement the metallic Ring Electrode along a tube window and applied zero to ${\pm}8kV$ with respect to manage the positive and negative ions formation. Lastly, the ion duty ratio was able to be controlled in different test set-ups along with a free x-ray leakage through the metallic Ring Electrode. In the result of experiment, the maximum x-ray radiation leakage was $0.2{\mu}Sv/h$. These outcome is lower than the ICRP 103 recommended value, which is $1{\mu}Sv/h$. When applying voltage to the metallic ring electrode, the positive decay time was 2.18s at the distance of 300 mm and its slope was 0.272. In addition, the negative decay time was 2.1s at the distance of 300 mm and its slope was 0.262. At the distance of 200 mm, the positive decay time was 2.29s and its slope was 0.286. The negative decay time was 2.35s and its slope was 0.293. At the distance of 100 mm, the positive decay time was 2.71s and its slope was 0.338. The negative decay time was 3.07s and its slope was 0.383. According to these research, the observation was shown that these new concept of ionizer is able to minimize the leakage radiation level and to control the positive and negative ion duty ratio while ionization.

• 복식
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• 제41권
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• pp.185-206
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to improve productivity for maximum effects with the present equipments and staff. This study compared and analyzed the mea-sured time by using stop watch method and MTM, which was the new measuring method. The flow and results of this study were as follows: 1. This study investigated the theoretical background the efficiency for production management, and the way of productivity improvement through documentary research. 2. Setting up the standard flow on the experi-mental company production, making out a process chart and measuring the actual working hour. 3. The study measured the allowance time applying work sampling. 4. Each process of the movement analysis was filmed by video to use basic data. 5. MTM analysis was taken by choosing 10 processes from front bodice according to the basic movement of MTM. Through the results, this study exclude unneccesary movements and suggest a method for working ways. 6. Using the actual working hour measured by a stop watch calculated the pitch time and presumed the amount of daily productivity. 7. The result of the work sampling came out as 38% of allowance rate. It was 13% higher than the standard amount of woman's jacket allowance rate, which was 25%. The most influencing factor was work discussion. That was because there were commuication problem of the work way between the operator and leader. More adequate use of flow table and level passing table was needed. There were the problems that inappropriate places and sizes made the distance of movements longer and often needed more adjustment of works and surroundings. To prevent breakdowns equipments check ups were necessary before works. 8. The results of MTM analysis were as follow : the time was reduced 40% than the actual measured time by a stop watch. This was because the leveling of the operator was included in the real calculation. Also, leveling was included in MTM analysis and all the conditions were standarized. Therefore MTM method was a scientidic measuring way of establishing the standard time. The presented method of this study, suggested an ideal method eliminating unneccesary motions, and presented standardization of works. Improvement of working methods, work condition and simplifying motions in each 10 processes reduced the working time from total 656 seconds to 301 seconds. 9. The way and time of working was linked together in the MTM analysis methods. Thus data from MTM help suggest not only establishing standard time but also establishing stan-dard work. Plus it includes various ability for improvements of working ways. So it is an objective method which can be widely used in other work studies. 10. The function of a time study is to determine the amount of work produced with a given method. The work rate is used to establish the cost of labor. The wage of worker must be calculated per unit time which is deter-mined before the time study is made. This study tried to introduce the incentive rule for deciding wages according to the standard time by MTM method.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2017

Purpose: To assess the clinical and radiographic results and complications of arthroscopy-assisted reduction and percutaneous fixation for patients with tongue-type Sanders type II calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: Between August 2014 and December 2015, 10 patients who underwent surgery using subtalar arthroscopic assisted reduction and percutaneous fixation for tongue-type Sanders type II calcaneal fractures were reviewed. The mean age was 50.8 years (36~62 years), and the mean follow-up period was 24 months (12~40 months). The clinical results were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score at the regular follow-ups, and the foot function index (FFI) at the last follow-up. The subtalar range of motion (ROM) was evaluated and compared with the uninjured limb at the last follow-up. The radiographic results were assessed using the Bohler's angle from the plain radiographs and the reduction of the posterior calcaneal facet using computed tomography (CT). The postoperative complications were assessed by a chart review. Results: The VAS and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score improved until 12 months after surgery. The FFI was 15 (1.8~25.9) and subtalar ROM was 75.5% (60%~100%) compared to the uninjured limb at the last follow-up. The $B{\ddot{o}}hler^{\prime}s$ angle was increased significantly from $2^{\circ}$ ($-14^{\circ}{\sim}18^{\circ}$) preoperatively to $21.8^{\circ}$ ($20^{\circ}{\sim}28^{\circ}$) at the last follow-up. The reduction of the posterior facet was graded as excellent in five feet (50.0%) and good in five (50.0%) on CT obtained at 12 months after surgery. One foot (10.0%) had subfibular pain due to a prominent screw head. One foot (10.0%) had pain due to a longitudinal tear of the peroneal tendon that occurred during screw insertion. Conclusion: Subtalar arthroscopic-assisted reduction of the posterior calcaneal facet of the subtalar joint and percutaneous fixation is a useful surgical method for tongue-type Sanders type II calcaneal fractures.

• 기업가정신과 벤처연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

한국 정부는 효과적인 경기대응 수단으로 공적보증을 이용해 왔다. 그러나 공적보증과 같은 중소기업에 대한 정책금융의 효과성에 대해서는 아직 논란이 해소되지 않았다. 비판적인 견지에서 보면 정책금융이 오히려 중소기업의 정부에 대한 의존도만 증가시켜 기업 스스로의 경쟁과 혁신을 방해하고 한계기업의 퇴출을 지연시킨다는 논리이다. 따라서 이 논문은 공적보증시스템의 운영은 어떻게 자리 잡아야 하며, 동시에 시장기반 중소기업 금융시스템과 어떻게 공존해 나가야 하는지에 대해 구체적 의견을 제시하고 있다. 첫째, 공적보증은 민간금융시장의 경기 순응적 행태가 초래하는 시장실패를 보완하기 위한 경기대응수단으로 이용되어야 하며, 정부, 국회, 납세자를 포함하는 이해관계자들과 이에 대한 인식을 공유해야 한다. 공적보증기관의 목적은 이윤추구가 아니라 성장 가능성이 높은 중소기업을 선별하여 지원하는 공공성의 확보에 있음을 명확히 할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 공적보증은 자금을 필요로 하는 중소기업에게 직접적으로 유동성을 공급해 줌으로써 단기간에 경기를 회복시킬 수 있는 대증적 처방이라는 점에서 한국은행의 이자율정책의 효과가 낮을 때 사용할 수 있는 중요한 정책대안이다. 특히 공적보증은 자본금에 근거한 운용배수 범위 내에서 공급이 이루어지므로 정부재정 정책 시 우려되는 재정적자의 위험으로부터 상대적으로 자유롭다는 장점을 지닌다. 셋째, 공적보증의 존재는 창업기업, 성장기업, 생산성 향상, 수출향상, 장기시설투자, 고용창출 사업, 그리고 혁신기업 지원과 같이 민간은행으로부터 기대하기 어려운 서비스의 제공에서 찾아야 한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.160-178
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• 2023

보철 치료 시 교합관계의 진단과 분석은 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 치료 시행 전 면밀한 교합분석 및 평가가 선행되어 안정적인 악간 관계를 회복시켜 주어야 하며, 치료 과정 및 정기 검진 시에도 이에 대한 평가는 필수적이다. 최근, 치과용 기기와 디지털 처리 방식의 발달로 환자의 교합관계를 기록할 수 있는 새로운 정량적 분석 방법들이 소개되고 있다. 그 중 T-Scan Novus (Tekscan Inc., S. Boston, MA, USA)는 압력측정센서를 이용하여 상하악 치아의 초기접촉점과 교합접촉점의 상대적인 강도를 나타내며 치아의 교합접촉 시간, 교합력의 전후방, 좌우균형을 비교할 수 있다. Dental prescale II (GC Co., Tokyo, Japan)는 압력감지필름을 이용하여 교합접촉점을 스캔하여 접촉점의 밀도를 분석하는 방법으로 최대한 자연스러운 교합상태 치열의 교합력 분포와 강도를 측정할 수 있다. 환자의 치아 상실 부위와 범위에 따라 4-unit 고정성 국소의치, 가철성 국소의치, 총의치, 완전구강회복술을 시행하였다. 적절한 교합 분석을 위해, 초진, 각 치료 단계, 치료 직후 및 정기검진 시의 환자의 교합을 T-Scan Novus와 Dental prescale II를 이용하여 정량적으로 비교, 평가하였다. 보철수복 치료과정에서 교합 분석에 대한 이해도를 제고할 수 있었고, 기능 및 심미적으로 환자와 술자 모두 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.158-175
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Every effort has been continually made to obtain objectivity in measuring the longevity of fixed restorations, such as by establishing unified judgement standard for deciding success and adopting statistical method that analyzes the data of successful and failed cases at the same time. In Korea, however desired level of development has not to be made in this field yet. Purpose. This study, adopting California Dental Association (CDA) quality evaluation system, established objective standard for deciding success, and inferred the longevity of fixed restorations and their failure analysis through adopting Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Material and method. In order to assess the longevity of flxed restorations serviced in Korea and causes of failure, a total of 1109 individuals (aged 15-74, 716 women and 393 men loaded with 2551 unit fixed restorations, and 1934 abutments) who lived in Kyung-In Province were examined and the findings were as follows : Results. 1. Length of service of fixed restorations serviced in Korea was 6.86$\pm$0.15 yr (mean), 5.5 yr (median), and the rate of success was 65.82% in 5 year survival, and 21.15% in 10 year survival. 2. When there was patient's need for replacing old prosthetics, longevity of fixed restorations was 7.51$\pm$0.27 yr (mean), 7 yr (median), and the rate of success was 61.08% in 5 year survival, and 17.57% in 10 year survival. 3. Longevity of fixed restorations was longest in the over-sixty age group(9.21$\pm$0.66) and that of the teen age group(3.39$\pm$0.28) was shortest (p<0.05). 4. Longevity of fixed restorations of women (7.38$\pm$0.18 years) was longer than that of men (6.00$\pm$0.26) (p<0.05). 5. As for the provider factor (such as unlicensed performers, university hospitals, and private clinic), there was no statistically significant difference in longevity of fixed restorations. 6. Defective margin (34.78%). periodontal disease (12.15%), periapical involvement (11.73%), was the most frequent causes of failure and poor esthetics group showed the longest life above all (p<0.05). Actual frequent causes of failure after removing old prosthetics were defective margin, periapical involvement, periodontal disease and uncemented restoration. In 75.67% of the cases, abutment state after removing old prosthetics was good enough for loading another prosthetics. 7. There was found to have statistically significant influence between longevity of single crown (6.35$\pm$0.20 yr) and that of 3 unit fixed restorations (7.60$\pm$0.30 y) (p<0.05). In each case the most frequent cause of failure was defective margin. 8. The number of cantilever pontic, pontic/abutment ratio, oral hygiene status were found to have no statistically significant influence on longevity of fixed restorations in all groups (p>0.05). 9. Longevity of fixed restorations made of non precious metal was longest (9.60$\pm$0.40 yr) semi precious and precious trailing behind(p<0.05). 10. Group function group (37.04%) and partial group function group (44.62%) were predominant in frequency but showed no correlation between them and among different types of occlusal plane and different types of occlusal surface (p>0.05). 11. Longevity of fixed restorations was longest in the centric interference group(9.35$\pm$0.62) (p<0.05) among different types of occlusal interference. Conclusion. We found that longevity of fixed restorations serviced in Korea is affected by age, gender and type of material, and that most frequent cause of failure is defective margin. In order to assess the accurate longevity of axed restorations, unified research design. overcoming inter-observer difference and establishing the objective research items are needed. Furthermore, it is thought that prospective approach through thorough study and regular follow-ups is needed just from the start of research. Nationwide detailed studies on length of service of fixed restorations manufactured in Korea are hoped to be conducted hereafter.