• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.511-517
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• 2013

UNFCCC was adopted in 1992 in order to prevent global warming. However, as a lack of concrete reduction goal and implementation plan, UNFCCC could not have effectiveness. In 1997, Kyoto Protocol to UNFCCC was adopted and UNFCCC regime started practically binding on the parties. Global warming takes the leading role in changing marine environment such as the rising of water level and sea water temperature. Also, Ocean plays the vital role in storing carbon to prevent global warming. Meanwhile ships which get the propulsion generated by consuming the fossil fuel are identified as GHG source and the discussions regarding the control of GHG emitted from ships are still in progress in IMO. IMO instrument has some legal conflicts with UNFCCC in principle. Therefore, this paper reviews the present UNFCCC regime and UNCLOS. Also, it surveys activities of IMO and analyze the Amendment to MARPOL73/78 Annex VI which entered into force on January 1, 2013. Finally, conclusions suggest the improvements in order to ensure effectiveness the new Amendment to MARPOL73/78 practically.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.15-33
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• 2022

This study is to investigate multilateral environmental agreements,mainly UNFCCC on the primary export industry of Korea and to make a policy recommendation. Mostly literature reviews are focused on the traditional multilateral environmental agreements and the for the most part analysis are conducted prior to the Paris agreement. The result of survey indicates that many companies have not yet felt burden on their business due to UNFCCC(decarbonization) and have monitored the related policies. But the companies ask the government for strong incentives. The paper implies that enforcing strong government incentives, upgrading usage of the nuclear power, improving the related government legislation, setting up the special task force team with government and private sectors are needed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.1496-1503
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• 2009

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. In order to fulfil the commitments of the countries in an economically efficient way, the UNFCCC adapted the emission trading scheme in the Kyoto Protocol. If the UNFCCC's scheme is enforced in the country, considerable changes in electric power industry are expected due to the imposed greenhouse gas emission reduction. This paper proposes a game theoretic model of the case when generation companies participate in both competitive electricity market and emission market simultaneously. The model is designed such that generation companies select strategically between power quantity and greenhouse gas reduction to maximize their profits in both markets. Demand function and Environmental Welfare of emission trading market is proposed in this model. From the simulation results using the proposed model the impact of the emission trading on generation companies seems very severe in case that the emission prices are significantly high.

• 에너지협의회보
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• s.62
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• pp.4-7
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• 2002

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

Energy environment has been changing rapidly such as high oil prices and the effectuation of UNFCCC. Oil prices have continued to rise and Dubai crude prices recorded about 90 dollars per barrel in 2007. In addition, the effectuation of UNFCCC will affect Korean economy and national energy security. Korea is the 9th $CO_2$ emissions country and takes the 1st place related to the increase rate of $CO_2$ emissions globally. Energy technology development is a key breakthrough and one of the optimal alternatives to cope with national energy security. In this study, we prioritize energy technologies in the sectors of high oil prices and UNFCCC related to ETRM for well focus R&D and efficiency of finite resources allocations. We applied to the extended method of AHP, fuzzy AHP reflecting the fuzziness of human thoughts and perception, for prioritizing the relative importance among energy technologies in ETRM for the first time as we make an energy policy in Korea.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.742-746
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• 2007

Energy environment has been changing rapidly such as high oil prices and the effectuation of UNFCCC. Oil prices have continued to rise and Dubai crude prices recorded 60 or 70 dollars per barrel in 2006. In addition, the effectuation of UNFCCC will affect Korean economy and national energy security. Korea is the 9th $CO_2$ emissions country and takes the 1st place related to the increase rate of $CO_2$ emissions globally. Energy technology development is a key breakthrough and one of the optimal alternatives to cope with national energy security. In this study, we prioritize energy technologies in the sectors of high oil prices and UNFCCC related to ETRM for well focus R&D and efficiency of finite resources allocations. We applied to the extended method of AHP, fuzzy AHP reflecting the fuzziness of human thoughts and perception, for prioritizing the relative importance among energy technologies in ETRM for the first time as we make an energy policy in Korea.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.355-379
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• 2007

With the effectuation of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol in 2005, ever growing concern on the importance of overseas forestation is diffusing worldwide. However, fierce international competition to secure overseas forestation sites, inherent uncertainty in UNFCCC or overseas forestation projects, and imbalances among policies on overseas natural resources development make it difficult to realize Korean long-term overseas forestation objective to secure 1 million ha by 2050. In view of necessity of overseas forestation projects for sustainable forest management and securing sinks of carbon to mitigate climate change, various efforts to reform current Korean overseas forestation systems are required. This study suggests several alternatives to improve current Korean overseas forestation systems including expanding financial support for overseas forestation projects, cultivating overseas forestation experts, establishing official organization for overseas forestation, constructing effective support system for overseas forestation projects, fostering international cooperation in the field of forest resources, and so on. Many theoretical, empirical or policy-oriented studies on the influences of UNFCCC and countermeasures on it in various Korean industries should follow this study.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.1 s.49
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

Many countries have been preparing the exercise of UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). If UNFCCC is enforced, considerable changes in generation sector are expected due to the imposed greenhouse gas emission. This paper proposes dispatch scheduling algorithms which incorporate the emission constraints and emission trading. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the availability these algorithms.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2014

Agriculture is a vulnerable sector to climate change because it is a primary industry directly exposed to climate. At the same time, it is a sector emitting greenhouse gases during agricultural activities, thereby affecting climate change. However, agriculture is a nascent subject under the UNFCCC. The agriculture sector needs both adaptation and mitigation. Currently, co-benefit of adaptation and mitigation is emphasized during climate change negotiation. Developing country parties are in a position to focus on adaptation rather than mitigation. As a result, mitigation is not being addressed enough during climate negotiation. Agriculture has been addressed through Nairobi Work Programme and NAPA. Since current efforts for greenhouse gas reduction are not sufficient for stabilizing the atmospheric system of the Earth to prevent climate change, the agriculture sector should also be considered for greenhouse gas reduction. For this, MRV for small farmers in developing countries and incentives for their mitigation efforts should be developed in agriculture sector. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation for developing capacities for vulnerable countries and people to climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.740-749
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• 2023

The ocean plays a vital role in the international carbon cycle, absorbing human-induced atmospheric carbon and preventing further atmospheric carbon accumulation. However, while the ocean had been considered a victim of climate change, it did not receive much attention as a solution for climate change in the major agenda of UNFCCC. Recently, a growing awareness that the ocean can provide numerous potentials to handle untapped issues to address the climate crisis has arisen, which has prompted discussions to strengthen ocean-based climate action. Since 2020, UNFCCC "Ocean and climate change dialogue" has been a forum to integrate and strengthen the ocean-climate nexus. This calls for integrating ocean action into climate action and the relevant sectors. In this regard, this study examined the background and international trends of ocean-based climate action and presented the author's perspective on the scope of content that such action should pursue and the direction to achieve it. In addition, this study identified tasks of the integrated approach and advancement of co-benefit as ways to strengthen ocean-based climate action, and it suggested domestic countermeasures for the Korean marine policy on climate change based on this.