• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.366-379
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• 2017

Nanostructured materials have attracted considerable research interest over the recent decades because of their potential applications in nanoengineering and nanotechnology. On the other hand, the developments in nanotechnology are strongly dependent on the availability of new materials with novel and engineered morphologies. Among the novel nanomaterials reported thus far, composite nanofibers (NFs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In particular, metal oxide NFs have great potential for the development of gas sensors. Highly sensitive and selective gas sensors can be developed by using composite NFs owing to their large surface area and abundance of grain boundaries. In composite NFs, gas sensing properties can be enhanced greatly by tailoring the conduction channel and surface properties by compositional modifications using the synergistic effects of different materials and forming heterointerfaces. This review focuses on the gas sensing properties of composite NFs synthesized by an electrospinning (ES) method. The synthesis of the composite NFs by the ES method and the sensing mechanisms involved in different types of composite NFs are presented along with the future perspectives of composite NFs.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.49-54
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• 2003

As of date, the cadastral information which is the utility to be computerized have not been identical with local autonomous entities and relational groups each other and updated real-time, therefore the relation group or the academic circles carried out in many researches on a cadastral map matching, but the cadastral maps have not been even occurred the expansion and contraction so that the theory arrangement doesn't seem simple as to a cadastral map matching. As being take such reality into consideration, We have to be based on $\boxDr$construction ministry of the rules for continuous map$\boxUl$ for a continuous cadastral map with using PBLIS data; so the operators use Autodesk Map 5 which added applications and match the neat line by the identical scale, the different scale, the district boundary and the origin according to the judgement myself We have the purpose to minimize the problem as analyzing the accuracy between the parcel coordinates If the matched map and ones of moved map.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2024

Ingrained in multiple consumption theories, this research covers the seven determinants (Hedonic Consumption, Consumers' mood, Store layout, product promotion, Persons' situation, Materialism, and Product Attributes) of purchase intentions of a consumer. For this study, 384 offline shoppers were surveyed and found that out of seven, six determinants significantly trigger impulse buying behavior of customers of beauty products in a modern market setting while one determinant 'Materialism' did not have any influence on the impulse buying behavior. The relationships of the variables were statistically checked by multiple linear regression. Results of this study show that a consumer's mood has a significant impact on impulse buying as it can trigger the impulse behavior of consumers. Person situations also have a positive impact on impulse buying it means time, money, fear of missing out can active impulse buying. Store layout can also trigger that unplanned purchase which means store lighting, the music of the store, ambiance may affect the purchasing. Product promotion has an impact on spontaneous purchase which indicates that free coupons, discounts, free delivery, offers to attract the customer to sudden purchase. Product design, packaging, color, labeling indicate a positive and significant impact on impulse buying. However, materialism indicates an insignificant impact on impulse buying.

• 암석학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2014

한반도 중부 전곡 지역 한탄강 유역에는 제4기 시기에 분출한 현무암질 암석들이 화산대지 및 하식절벽으로서 분포한다. 국내 최초로 도입된 다검출기 불활성기체 질량분석기와 레이저 가열장치를 이용하여 전곡 지역에서 산출하는 현무암질 암석의 $^{40}Ar-^{39}Ar$ 연대를 측정하였다. 전곡읍 은대리 지역 하식절벽의 현무암들은 하부에서 상부로 가면서 $0.54{\pm}0.07Ma$, $0.48{\pm}0.01Ma$, $0.12{\pm}0.01Ma$의 연대를 나타내며 전곡리 지역의 현무암에서 $0.43{\pm}0.04Ma$의 연대가 얻어진다. 이 결과는 0.12-0.54 Ma 사이에 전곡 지역에 단속적인 화산암의 분출이 있었을 가능성을 시사한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7467-7472
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is known to be one of the most prevalent cancers among women in both developing and developed countries. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan has increased dramatically within the last few years and is the second country after Israel in Asia to have highest proportional cases of breast cancer. However, there are limited data for breast cancer available in the literature from Pakistan. Objectives: The study was conducted to bring to light the common clinical presentation of breast cancer and to evaluate the frequency of established risk factors in breast carcinoma patients and furthermore to compare the findings between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A 6 months (from July 2012 to Dec 2012) cross sectional survey was conducted in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. Data were collected though a well developed questionnaire from 105 female patients diagnosed with carcinoma of breast and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Institutional ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Results: Out of 105 patients, 43 were premenopausal and 62 were postmenopausal, 99 being married. Mean age at diagnosis was $47.8{\pm}12.4years$. A painless lump was the most frequent symptom, notived by 77.1%(n=81). Some 55.2% (n=58) patients had a lump in the right breast and 44.8%(n=47) in the left breast. In the majority of cases, the lump was present in upper outer quadrant 41.9% (n=44). Mean period of delay from appearance of symptoms to consulting a doctor was $5.13{\pm}4.8months$, from the shortest 1 month to the longest 36 months. Long delay (> 3 months) was the most frequent figure 41.9%. Considering overall risk factors most frequent were first pregnancy after 20 years of age (41%), physical breast trauma (28.6%), lack of breast feeding(21.9%), and early menarche <11 years (19%), followed by null parity (16.2%), consumption of high fat diet (15.2%), family history of breast cancer or any other cancer in first degree relatives (9.5% and 13.3%, respectively). Some of the less common factors were late menopause >54 years (8.6%), use of oral contraceptive pills (10.5%), use of hormone replacement therapy (4.7%),smoking (4.7%) and radiation (0.96%). Significant differences (p<0.005) were observed between pre and post menopausal women regarding history of physical breast trauma, practice of breast feeding and parity. Conclusions: A painless lump was the most frequent clinical presentation noted. Overall age at first child > 20 years, physical breast trauma, lack of breast feeding, early menarche <11 were the most frequent risk factors. Physical breast trauma, lower parity, a trend for less breast feeding had more significant associations with pre-menopausal than post-menopausal onset. Increase opportunity of disease prevention can be obtained through better understanding of clinical presentation and risk factors important in the etiology of breast cancer.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2013

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drive-assisting system in a shower carrier on the upper body muscle activities of caregivers through drivability tests. Background: In care facilities, one of the major ADL (Activities of Daily Living) factors is bathing/showering. Recently, bath/shower-assisting equipment is actively being introduced in care facilities to reduce caregivers' muscle burden. In particular, it is desirable to utilize a shower carrier equipped with drive-assisting system to effectively care for the elderly. However, there were few systematic studies on the relationship between muscle activities and drive-assisting speeds. Method: For the drivability tests to study the effects on the muscle activities according to the drive-assisting speeds(corresponding drive-voltages: 0.0V, 2.0V, 2.1V, 2.3V), 6 females in their 40s($43{\pm}4yrs$, $157{\pm}5cm$, and $54.5{\pm}1.5kg$) were selected. To measure muscle activities of caregivers through drivability tests, 7 muscles in the upper body(TM/Trapezius Muscle, DM/Deltoid Muscle, BBM/Biceps Brachii Muscle, TBM/Triceps Brachii Muscle, ECRLM/Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle, FCUM/Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle, and ESM/Erector Spinae Muscle) were selected. Results: In the TM, muscle activities were decreased as 21% compared to 0.0V, when drive-voltage 2.0V was applied, as 57% by 2.1V, and 62% by 2.3V(p<0.05), whereas 40%, 56%, and 69% of muscles activities were decreased respectively from the DM(p<0.05). Also, from the UL(BBM+TBM+ECRLM+FCUM), muscle activities were decreased by 17% with 2.0V as against 0.0V, by 47% with 2.1V, and 52% with 2.3V, whereas decreases in muscle activities from the ESM were found by 20%, 34%, and 42% respectively by 2.0V, 2.1V, and 2.3V(p<0.05). Conclusion: The muscle activities were decreased in the order of the DM, TM, ESM, and UL. As muscle activities were remarkably reduced as drive voltage were increased, it was expected to reduce the upper body muscle burden on the caregivers when using shower carriers equipped with driving-assist system. Applications: The results from this study can be applied for the development of a shower carrier including other equipment to possibly reduce the muscle burden of the caregivers.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.37-54
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• 1985

1984년 5월과 10월, 2회에 걸쳐 동해 서남 해역에서 조사한 수온, 클로로필-a, 영양염, 식물플랑크톤 및 일차생산에 관한 자료를 토대로 하여 대산 수역의 phytohydrography를 논의하였다. 식물플랑크톤의 종별 양적분포로 부터 특성 해수의 이전 환경을 추측할 수 있었는데, 이는 해양물리${\cdot}$화학적인 자료만으로는 기대하기 어려운 결과였다. 울기 및 감포 부근 해역의 상층부에서는, 그 하층에 근접한 냉수로 부터 영양염을 공급받아, 높은 일차생산력, 높은 클로로필-a 및 낮은 미세플랑크톤 비율 등의 특징이 나타났다. 반면에 대마난류수에는 매우 낮은 일차생산력, 빈약한 현존량 및 극히 높은 미세플랑크톤 비율 등의 특징이 나타나 좋은 대조를 이루었다. 연구해역에서 식물플랑크톤의 세포수 뿐만 아니라 클로로필-a 및 일차생산량에서도 미세플랑크톤이 압도적으로 우세함을 확인하였다. 이는 한반도 전해역 가운데 난류수가 예외적으로 강하게 유입되는 연구해역의 생물해양학적 특성을 잘 반영해 주는 현상이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 1997

고려대학교 구로병원에서는 1994년 8월부터 국내에서는 처음으로 새로운 이엽성 기계판막인 ATS(Advancing The Standard)을 이용, 21명의 환자에게 28개의 판막을 치환하였다. 환자는 평균연령 27세로 10명의 남자와 11명의 여자로 수술전후의 NYHA 기능적분류는 평균 2.9에서 1.4로 감소하였다. 심초음파상의 심박출 지수는 55.5에서 59.8으로 다소 상승하였다. 치환후 승모판 전후의 압력차는 양호하였으며,용혈 여부를 확인하기위한 LDH치는 다소 상승하였으나 임상적 중요성은 없었다. 판막과 관련된 합병증은 없었으며, 항응고제 투여와 관련된 뇌출혈이 1례 있었다. 사망례는 없었으며, 현재는 모든 환자에

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2009

5개월령의 거세하지 않은 암컷 시베리안 허스키가 상악 병변의 평가를 위해 내원하였다. CBC, 혈청 화학, 요검사 소견에서 염증과 신부전이 지시되었다. 병변의 세포학 검사에서는 거대 다핵 세포들과 원형$\sim$방추형의 다향한 모양의 세포들이 개별적으로 탈락되거나 군집을 형성하였다. 두 종류의 세포들 모두 중등도의 핵 대소부동증과 세포부동증을 보였고, 뚜렷한 한 개의 핵소체 또는 여러 개의 작은 핵소체를 갖고 있었으며 성긴 염색질이었다. 조직병리학적 검사 결과, 상악과 비갑개는 전반적으로 확장되어 있었으며 결합조직에 의해 대체되어 있었으며 신장에서는 형성 이상이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 신장형성이상과 섬유화로 인한 섬유성 골형성장애로 진단되었다. 대증적인 처치에도 불구하고 환자의 상태는 악화되어 안락사 되었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the supplementation of glutamine, glucosamine and glutathione on the porcine oocytes on IVM rates. Cocs were incubated in NCSU-23 supplemented with at $2.0{\sim}10.0\;mM$ glucosamine, $0.5{\sim}4.0\;mM$ glutamine and $0.1{\sim}1.0\;mM$ glutathione for 48 hrs. Oocytes were transferred to 50 ul drops of maturation medium covered with mineral oil and cultured in a $CO_2$ incubator ($38^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$, 95% air). The IVM rates of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mM glutamine for 48 hrs were $46.0{\pm}4.5%$, $52.0{\pm}4.8%$, $50.0{\pm}4.2%$ and $44.0{\pm}4.5%$, respectively. The IVM rates of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 supplement with 2.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0 mM glucosamine for 48 hrs were $44.0{\pm}4.5%$, $42.0{\pm}4.5%$, $38.0{\pm}4.6%$ and $24.0{\pm}4.8%$, respectively. The IVM rates of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 supplemented with glucosamine were no significantly increased compare to the control ($42.5{\pm}4.0%$). The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 supplemented with 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0 mM glutathione for 48 hrs were $40.0{\pm}3.2%$, $54.0{\pm}4.2%$, $48.0{\pm}4.5%$, $44.0{\pm}4.8%$, respectively. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 supplemented with glutamine and glutathione were significantly increased co~pared to those control ($42.5{\pm}4.0%$). Glucosamine did not affect the IVM rates of oocytes. IVM rates of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 medium for 48 hrs were significantly increased compared to the cultured for 40 hrs.