• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2019

In the field of water treatment membranes, polymers are used together with ceramics as the most important materials. In this review, I tried to analyze the technology trends of polymer membrane materials based on commercial products. For this purpose, according to the types of water treatment membranes such as MF (Microfiltration), UF (Ultrafiltration) and NF (Nanofiltration), the trends of polymer membrane products were investigated by countries, materials, and companies. Through this, we were able to classify the types of materials that are mainly used for each type of membrane, and at the same time, identify the companies that are dominant in the market, and analyze which materials constitute the product portfolio. Based on these results, we have presented the characteristics of the material market according to each type of membrane, and proposed a technology development strategy to enter each market based on these characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1994.10a
• /
• pp.7-7
• /
• 1994

본 사업은 산학연 협동으로 막분리 전문가들이 모여, 국내 막분리스시템의 효율적인 보급을 위햐여, RO/NF, UF/MF, PV/GS, 정책분석 별로 팀을 구성하여, 용도별로 시장 조사를 하고, 하계 및 산업체에서 설문조사를 실시하여 국내의 분리 농축산업의 기술수준과 시장 현황, 문제점에 관하여 조사하였고, 각 산업체의 의견을 수렴하여 막분리 공정 대체가능성에 관하여 조사검토하였다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2018

A series of laboratory scale experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of membrane separation technology for natural rubber (NR) wastewater treatment and reuse. Three types of spiral wound membranes were employed in the cross-flow experiments. The NR wastewater pretreated by sand filtration and cartridge filtration was forced to pass through the ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes successively. The UF retentate, which containing abundant proteins, can be used to produce fertilizer, while the NF retentate is rich in quebrachitol and can be used to extract quebrachitol. The permeate produced by the RO module was reused in the NR processing. Furthermore, about 0.1wt% quebrachitol was extracted from the NR wastewater. Besides, the effluent quality treated by the membrane processes was much better than that of the biological treatment. Especially for total dissolved solids (TDS) and total phosphorus (T-P), the removal efficiency improved 53.11% and 49.83% respectively. In addition, the removal efficiencies of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) exceeded 99%. The total nitrogen (T-N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) had approximately similar removal efficiency (93%). It was also found that there was a significant decrease in the T-P concentration in the effluent, the T-P was reduced from 200 mg/L to 0.34 mg/L. Generally, it was considered to be a challenging problem to solve for the biological processes. In brief, highly resource utilization and zero discharge was obtained by membrane separation system in the NR wastewater treatment.

• Korean Membrane Journal
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2002

Nanofiltration of aqueous dye solutions was carried out using polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) composite membranes. The PA composite membranes were prepared by the interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the surface of microporous polysulfone (PSf) ultrafi1tration (UF) membranes. After characterization in terms of their permeation performance and surface ionic property, they were used for the separation of dye solutions such as Direct Red 75, 80, 81, and Direct Yellow 8 and 27. The separation conditions were varied to study the factors affecting on the permeation performance of the membranes: different concentrations of dye solutions, operating temperature and time, and flow rate of a feed solution. The surface property of the membrane, especially its ionic property, as a function of operating time was examined with a zeta-potentiometer and the relationship between the surface chemistry of the membrane and its permeation properties was also studied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.712-712
• /
• 2012

하 폐수 처리방류수를 물리적, 화학적 그리고 생물학적 기술을 이용하여 처리한 후 재활용수로 이용하고자 하는 새로운 노력들이 진행되고 있지만 국내의 경우 방류수 재활용 기술과 처리수의 재이용에 대한 평가기술이 선진국에 비해 초기 단계에 있어 이 분야에 대한 적극적인 기술개발이 요구된다. 막 분리 기술을 이용한 처리 수는 소독 등의 추가적인 처리 없이 살수용수나 수경용수로 이용이 가능하며, 잔류염소를 유지시킬 경우 화장실 세정용수로의 이용도 가능하며, 또한 후처리 기술을 조합하면 고급 공업용수 등으로 사용가능하므로 선진기술로서 수요조건에 맞게 전 후 처리를 조합한 수요자 맞춤형 재이용수 공정기술을 개발할 필요가 있다. 이에 효율적인 하 폐수 재이용을 이용하여 농업용수(축산 음용수, 첨단 수출원예용수, 첨단 농업용수, 농산업 클러스터 복합 곡물 용수), 원예용수(원예단지), 공업용수 등의 다양한 용도에 활용 가능한 수요자 맞춤형 모듈 및 공정 개발을 수행하였다. 개발된 공정은 AOP 및 막 세정 시스템을 이용한 새로운 공정으로, AOP 시스템은 전기 이온 모듈을 통해 OH 라디칼을 생성 및 염분 제거 효율을 극대화 하여 오염 물질을 산화시키는 공정이며, FDA 시스템은 탁도가 높은 원수가 과다 유입 될 경우 후단 여과 막의 부하를 줄이는 역할을 하며, 부유 물질을 여과 시킨다. 막 세정 시스템은 미세 입자를 구성된 기포를 이용하여 눈에 보이지 않는 곳 까지 세척하며, 살균 작용을 하며, 분리 막의 성능을 증대 시킨다. 이어 UF 분리 막 시스템은 원수의 미세불순물, 박테리아, 스케일 물질 등을 제거하며, NF 시스템을 통하여 미립자, 박테리아 유기 화합물 및 2가 염 제거를 하여 재이용수를 생산하는 공정을 개발하였다. 개발된 수요자 맞춤형 공정은 하수 재이용 기술의 이용 목적 및 수요자별로 맞춤형으로 운영이 가능하며, 개발된 세척 기술은 분리 막 세정 유지관리비 및 에너지를 저감 할 수 있으며, 현장 적용의 실증화 과정을 거쳐 공정 기술을 신뢰도를 향상하고, 보유 기술을 수요자 맞춤형으로 업그레이드함으로써 기술의 경쟁력 및 고품질의 하수 재이용 기술의 새로운 방향을 제시 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1995.06a
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 1995

The membrane processes that are commonly uscd in water and wastewater treatment are reverse osmosis (Ro), ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF), which utilize pressure differentials. There is also nano-filtration (NF), or low-pressure reverse osmosis, which is positioned midway between conventional reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. Reverse osmosis membranes reject dissolved ions, while ultrafiltration can be used to reject relatively larger molecules, such as protein, polysacchalides and so on. Microfiltration is capable of eliminating particles at submicron level. This paper summarizes the characteristics of MSAS process first, as it is the main membrane process applied to wastewater treatment. Two successful examples of the applications, the cases of individual building reuse system and nightsoil treatment, are then shown. The latest trend of new membrane applications, i.e., immersed-type MSAS is also introduced.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.231-242
• /
• 2012

The performance of a nanofiltration membrane for treatment of a low-level radioactive liquid waste was investigated through static and dynamic tests. The liquid waste ("carbonated water") was obtained during conversion of $UF_6$ to $UO_2$. In the static tests membrane samples were immersed in the waste for 24, 48 or 72 h. The transport properties of the samples (hydraulic permeability, permeate flow, selectivity) were evaluated before and after immersion in the waste. In the dynamic tests the waste was permeated in a permeation flow front system under 0.5 MPa, to determine the selectivity of NF membranes to uranium. The surface layer of the membrane was characterized by zeta potential, field emission microscopy, atomic force spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The static test showed that the pore size distribution of the selective layer was altered, but the membrane surface charge was not significantly changed. 99% of uranium was rejected after the dynamic tests.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1995.10a
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 1995

In recent years it has become necessary to design water management system to minimize water consumption as well as satisfy more stringent environmental requirements. This is mainly due to the seasonal water shortage and environmental problems on water pollution that have taken place at many industrialized regions in Korea. Accordingly, membrane technology in Korea is finding increasing application in the water industry because it has been found to be effective and economic treatment method compared with conventional technology. The membrane processes with the greatest potential for water and wastewater treatment are microfiltration(MF), ultrafiltration(UF), nanofiltration(NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), which utilize pressure differentials.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.39-42
• /
• 2004

Ceramic membranes have attracted a great attention because they have excellent resistance to most organic solvents and can be used over a wide temperature range. Especially, titania (titanium oxide, TiO$_2$) shows excellent chemical resistance and can be used both acidic and alkali solutions, and therefore, titania is one of the most promising materials for the preparation of porous membranes; titania membranes having pore sizes in the range of nanofiltration (NF) to ultrafiltration (UF) membrane have been prepared by the sol-gel process (Tsuru 2001).(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.04a
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 1998

1. 서론 : 중국에서 분리막에 관한 연구는 1965년부터 역삼투막에 관한 연구를 시작으로. 70년대 초기부터는 한외여과막(UF막)에 관한 연구가 수행되었다. 이후 정밀여과막(MF막), 기체분리막(GS막) 등에 관한 연구가 이루어져 수처리 분야 및 기체분리 공정 등에 실용화되고 있다. 특히 80년대 초기부터 10년간으 실험실 연구단계에서 산업화로 넘어온 시기로서 막분리 기술이 크게 발전되었다. 이때에 주요한 연구성과는 다음과 같다. 수행되었다. 1) 호주의 수처리 설비공장과 흥성의 8271공장은 매년 몇 천대의 나권형 모듈을 제조할 수 있는 RO막 생산라인을 건립하고, 국가해양국 항주 수처리기술개발센터의 중공사막 제조라인은 1,000만원/년의 생산능력을 갖고 있다. 2) 대형 중공사막, 나권형 모듈제조 기술이 확립되어, 국산 RO, UF모듈 및 장치는 초순수 제조 및 발전소 보일러 용수의 정화에 사용되어 수입 사용되는 외국장치를 대체하게 되었다. 3) 막분리 기술의 연구 및 응용공정 개발에 관한 연구 인력은 당시 초보적인 소수의 연구원이 형성된 이후, 지금은 전문연구인력이 400여명에 이르고 있다. 본고에서는 중국에서 응용되고 있는 분리막 기술중 RO막, UF막, MF막 및 NF막을 중심으로 기술개발 동향 및 현황을 소개하고자 한다.