• 한국양식학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

A rainbow trout uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) cDNA clone, encoding a 310 amino acid protein, was cloned and sequenced from a liver cDNA library. Two different splice variants designated UCP3-vl and UCP3-v2, were identified through liver cDNA library screening using rainbow trout UCP3 cDNA clone as a probe. UCP3-vl has 3 insertions in the UCP3 cDNA: the first insertion (133 bp), the second (141 bp), and the third (370 bp) were located 126 bp, 334 bp and 532 bp downstream from the start codon, respectively. UCP3-v2 contained a single insertion, identical in sequence and location to the second insertion of UCP3-vl. UCP3, a mitochondrial protein, functions to modulate the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. UCP3 has been detected from heart, testis, spinal cord, eye, retina, colon, muscle, brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue in mammalian animals. Human and rodent UCP3s are highly expressed in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue, while they show weak expression of UCP3 in heart and white adipose tissue. In contrast to mammalian studies, RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis of the rainbow trout demonstrated that UCP3 is strongly expressed in liver and heart. UCP3, UCP3-vl, and UCP3-v2 all contain an Ava III short interspersed element (SINE), located in the 3'untraslated region (UTR). PCR using primers from the Ava III SINE and the UCP3 3'UTR region indicates that the UCP3 cDNA is structurally conserved among salmonids and that these primers may be useful for salmonid species genotyping.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.28-43
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of Boiogito for obesity. We examined the efficacy of Boiogito for obese patients and we expected the reaction of Boiogito would vary according to the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs). Methods: 111 subjects(body mass index${\geq}25m/kg^2$) were recruited and randomized to receive Boiogito(n=55) or Placebo(n=56) for 8weeks. Anthropometric factors, serum lipid profile, glucose, blood pressure(BP), pulse rate, resting metabolic rate and Korean version of obesity-related quality of life(KOQOL) scale measured at baseline and 8weeks. SNPs(${\beta}3$-adrenergic receptor(ADRB3), G protein ${\beta}3$(GNB3), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 gene(PPAR-${\gamma}2$), uncoupling protein(UCP2)) were conducted at baseline. Adverse reactions and safety outcome variables were also checked during trials. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement on obesity after treatment. Boiogito group decreased triglyceride than did control group and improved KOQOL. Boiogito showed a significant higher efficacy in C/T and T/T genotype of GNB3 gene / in Trp64 and Arg64 genotype of ADRB3 gene / in D/D genotype of UCP2 gene / in Pro/Pro genotype of PPAR-${\gamma}$ gene. Conclusions: Boiogito promoted obesity indexes without severe adverse reactions and proved its safety. Pharmacogenetical studies of Boiogito on obesity could be a effective method for the individualized treatment and prevention of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.767-775
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• 2008

1) 연구대상자 중 비만아동 빈도수 분석 결과, BIA법에서는 70.0%, BMI에 의한 비만도에서는 32.7%, 신장별 체중에 의한 비만도에서는 23.6%로 BAI법에 의해 비만아동의 빈도수가 가장 많았다. 혈청 생화화적 분석 결과는 NCEP의 이상지혈증 기준 이하로 나타났다. 2) UCP-1 유전자 다형성에 의한 신체계측의 결과의 분포는 정상형과 변이형에서 차이를 나타내지 않았고 혈중 생 화학 결과에서는 LDL (p = 0.039)과 TC (p = 0.063)이 정상형에 비해 변이형에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 3) LDL을 130 mg/dL 기준으로 고LDL 콜레스테롤혈증과 정상으로 나누었을 때 각각에서 UCP-1 유전자 다형성의 분포는 고LDL 콜레스테롤혈증에서 A allele는 5.4%, G allele는 13.0%로 G allele의 빈도가 높게 분포하였고, 정상에서는 각각 94.6%, 87%의 분포를 나타내었다 (p = 0.062, ORs 2.640). LDL의 농도를 백분위수에 따라 4집단으로 나누고 UCP-1 유전자의 A allele와 G allele에서 LDL 농도의 빈도수를 나타내었을 때 G allele에서는 빈도수가 25th, 50th, 75th, 100th에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다 ($r^2$ = 0.7995, p-trend = 0.032). 따라서 UCP-1 유전자 변이형은 정상형에 비해 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증의 발병을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. UCP-1 유전자의 다형성은 이상지혈증의 위험인자인 LDL 농도를 증가시키는 위험요인으로써 나타났고, 체중을 감안할 때는 이상지혈증의 위험도가 더욱 증가할 것으로 생각되어진다. 따라서 UCP-1 유전자 변이형을 가지는 비만아동은 고LDL-콜레스테롤혈증의 발병과 관련된 식이 및 환경적 인자를 적절히 통제하는 예방 대책을 마련하여야겠다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2005

Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) plays a major role in thermogenesis, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of A-3826G polymorphism of UCP-1 gene on body fat distribution. Two hundred forty eight Korean female overweight subjects with BMI more than 25 kgfm2 participated in this study. The areas of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat of all subjects were measured from computed tomography cross sectional pictures of the umbilical region. Subcutaneous fat areas of upper and lower thigh were also measured. Body composition was measured by bio-impedance analysis, and serum concentrations of biochemical parameters, such as glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol etc, were also measured. Genotype of UCP-1 was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. The frequencies of UCP-1 genotypes were AA type; $27.8\%,\;AG\;type;\;51.2\%\;and\;GG\;type;\;21.0\%,$ and the frequency of G allele was 0.47. Body weight, BMI, WHR, SBP, DBP and body compositions were not significantly different by UCP-1 genotype. Abdominal visceral fat area was significantly higher in AG and GG type compared with AA type (p=0.009), but subcutaneous fat areas were not significantly different by UCP-1 genotype. Among biochemical parameters, LDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in GG type compared with AA and AG types (p=0.033). Among all subjects, 121 subjects finished 1 month weight loss program containing hypocaloric diet and exercise. The reduction of body weight and BMI were lower in GG type compared with AA/AG type even though statistical significances were not found (p > 0.05). These results suggest that UCP-1 genotype has a significant effect on visceral fat accumulation among Korean female overweight subjects with BMI more than $25\;kg/m^2$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.252-261
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• 2007

비만은 서구와 우리나라에서 가장 흔한 영양 관련 질환이며, 유전적, 환경적, 생활습관인자들에 의해 초래된다. 이 연구에서는 성인750명을 대상으로 ${\beta}_3AR$ Trp64Arg, UCP2 -866G/A 유전자 다형성을 PCR-RFLP법으로 조사한 후, 체질량지수와 비교하여 어떤 유전자의 다형성이 비만과 관련 있는지 분석하였다. ${\beta}_3AR$의 Trp64Arg의 다형성 분포는 Arg64Arg의 경우 체질량지수 27이상인 비만인에서만 관찰되었지만, 전체적으로 비만인과 정상인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. UCP2 -866G/A 다형성의 분포는 G/A의 경우 비만인 에서, A/A의 경우 정상인에서 더 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 ${\beta}_3AR$ Trp64Arg 다형성에 비해 UCP2 -866G/A 다형성이 한국인에서 비만과 비만관련 질병을 예측하는데 더 유용한 것으로 판단된다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to examine diet-induced changes in the expression of UCP2 mRNA in the liver and UCP3 mRNA in the skeletal muscle of mice fed a high-sucrose or high-fat diet. Male ICR mice, aged 4 weeks, were divided into three dietary groups and fed control (N) or modified AIN-76 high-sucrose (US) or high-fat (HF) diets for 12 weeks. The serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations of the HF group were significantly higher than those of the N and HS groups. The hepatic TC and triglyceride contents of the HS and HF groups were also significantly higher than those of the N group. The HS diet group had higher serum leptin and insulin levels compared to those of the HF group. Hepatic UCP2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the HS group than in the N group, but the level in the HF group did not differ from that of the N group. Muscular UCP3 mRNA level was significantly higher in the HF group and especially in the HS group than in N the group. We observed that two gene (UCP2, 3) levels exhibited a similar tendency. These results suggest that UCPs mRNA levels and energy expenditure may be altered or controlled by various dietary patterns. Further research is needed to elucidate the effects of diet on the regulation of many obesity-related genes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.249-258
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• 1998

Obesity, one of the most common metabolic diseases in industrial countries is characterized by an increase in the number or size of adipocytes. In an effort to create transgenic mouse models for the study of obesity we developed a novel technique in which adipose tissue can be ablated genetically at will, at any specific developmental stage and/or physiological condition, by the treatment of ganciclovir. We made a series of adipocytespecific expression vectors using minimal regulatory regions of brown adipocyte-specific uncoupling protein (UCP-1) gene and adipocyte-specific aP2 gene, and then analyzed their expression characteristics in cultured cell lines. When both constructs pUCP-LacZ and paP2-LacZ were transfected transiently into differentiating 3T3-L1 (pre-while adipocytes) and HIB-1B (pre-brown adipocytes) cell lines in vitro and then monitored by X-gal staining of cells, these regulatory regions were sufficient to show proper differentiation stage-specific expression in adipocvtes. To confirm that adipocytes expressing HSV-TK controlled by these minimal requlatory elements are sufficient to kill themselves with ganciclovir treatment pUCP-TK and paP2-TK expression constructs were transfected stably into HIB-1B and 3T3-L1 cells, respectively, and their ganciclovir sensitivities were tested during in vitro differentiation of cells. As expected more than 80% of cells were dead by the 7th day of treatment with ganciclovir while negative control cells were not affected at all. The data suqqest that the constructed vectors are suitable for obtaining novel obese transqenic models based on a conditional genetic tissue ablation method.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2005

In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of Mahwangpohang-tang on the expression of obesity-related genes and cytokines in high fat diet induced obesity mice. In order to investigate the effects of Mahwangpohang-tang(MHPH) on the obesity-related genes and cytokines, C57BL/6 mice were fed with high fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups and fed for 13weeks. Body weight change, diet intake change, final increase of body weight, the ratio of the adipocyte in body weight, the expression of leptin gene in primary adipocytes, the expression of UCP-2 in primary adipocytes, the production change of $TNF-\alpha$ and leptin in primary adipocytes, the expression of leptin in adipocytes tissue. The body weight of Mahwangpohang-tang(MHPH) intake mice was significantly lower than high fat diet group. The amount of the adipocyte in body weight was decreased Significantly. In primary adipocytes, leptin gene expression and the expression of UCP-2 did not change significantly. In primary adipocytes, the amount of $TNF-\alpha$ was significantly decreased at dose of $100{\mu}/ml$ density. In adipocytes tissue, the expression of leptin did not change significantly. These results suggest that MHPH may inhibit the expression of obesity-related genes and cytokines in high fat diet induced obesity mice

• ALGAE
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2016

Green microalgae from the class Chlorophyceae represent a major biodiversity component of eukaryotic algae in continental water. Identification and classification of this group through morphology is a hard task, since it may present cryptic species and phenotypic plasticity. Despite the increasing use of molecular methods for identification of microorganisms, no single standard barcode marker is yet established for this important group of green microalgae. Some available studies present results with a limited number of chlorophycean genera or using markers that require many different primers for different groups within the class. Thus, we aimed to find a single marker easily amplified and with wide coverage within Chlorophyceae using only one pair of primers. Here, we tested the universality of primers for different genes (tufA, ITS, rbcL, and UCP4) in 22 strains, comprising 18 different species from different orders of Chlorophyceae. The ITS primers sequenced only 3 strains and the UCP primer failed to amplify any strain. We tested two pairs of primers for rbcL and the best pair provided sequences for 10 strains whereas the second one provided sequences for only 7 strains. The pair of primers for the tufA gene presented good results for Chlorophyceae, successfully sequencing 21 strains and recovering the expected phylogeny relationships within the class. Thus, the tufA marker stands out as a good choice to be used as molecular marker for the class.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.14-32
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) has a central role in regulating muscle differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism. PGC-1α stimulates muscle growth and muscle fiber remodeling, concomitantly regulating lactate and lipid metabolism and promoting oxidative metabolism. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thumb.) has been widely employed as a traditional herbal medicine and possesses antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, hypolipemic, hypoglycemic, and anticancer properties. We investigated whether G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) and its active compound, gypenoside L (GL), affect muscle differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism via activation of the PGC-1α pathway in murine C2C12 myoblast cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: C2C12 cells were treated with GPE and GL, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels. Myh1 was determined using immunocytochemistry. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation was measured using the 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. RESULTS: GPE and GL promoted the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes and elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of Myh1 (type IIx). GPE and GL also significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of the PGC-1α gene (Ppargc1a), lactate metabolism-regulatory genes (Esrra and Mct1), adipocyte-browning gene fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 gene (Fndc5), glycogen synthase gene (Gys), and lipid metabolism gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b gene (Cpt1b). Moreover, GPE and GL induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, p38, sirtuin1, and deacetylated PGC-1α. We also observed that treatment with GPE and GL significantly stimulated the expression of genes associated with the anti-oxidative stress response, such as Ucp2, Ucp3, Nrf2, and Sod2. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that GPE and GL enhance exercise performance by promoting myotube differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism through the upregulation of PGC-1α in C2C12 skeletal muscle.