• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.16
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• pp.61-70
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• 1996

This research aims to find granulation and organic removal of the piggery wastewater with the upflow blanket filter(UBF) reactor. UASB process had the effect of high pH on the granulation phase. But teh effect was decreased after the granule formation. The filter zone of the UBF reactor had the function of GSS and contributed to removing the organic because of its biofilm formation. The removal rates of total COD and soluble COD were 70% ~ 80% and 60 ~ 80% at an influent organic loading range of $2{\sim}17.4kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}d$, respectively. The methane production rate with the organic removal was $0.21{\sim}0.34{\ell}CH_4/gCOD_{rem}$ and the maximum methan production rate was $0.34CH_4{\ell}/gCOD_{rem}$ at the volumetric loading $5kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}d$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.210-213
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performances of organic removal and methane recovery in the full scale two-phase anaerobic system. The full scale two-phase anaerobic system was consists of an acidogenic ABR (Anaerobic Baffled Reactor) and a methanognic UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor. The volume of acidogenic and methanogenic reactors is designed to 28.3 $m^3$ and 75.3 $m^3$. The two-phase anaerobic system represented 60-82% of COD removal efficiency when the influent COD concentration was in the range of 7,150 to 16,270 mg/L after screening (average concentration is 10,280 mg/L). After steady-state, the effluent COD concentration in the methanogenic reactor showed 2,740 $\pm$ 330 mg/L by representing average COD removal efficiency was 71.4 $\pm$ 8.1% when the operating temperature was in the range of 19-32$^{\circ}C$. The effluent SCOD concentration was in the range of 2,000-3,000 mg/L at the steady state while the volatile fatty concentration was not detected in the effluent. Meanwhile, the COD removal efficiency in the acidogenic reactor showed less than 5%. The acidogenic reactor played key roles to reduce a shock-loading when periodic shock loading was applied and to acidify influent organics. Due to the high concentration of alkalinity and high pH in the effluent of the methanogenic reactor, over 80% of methane in the biogas was produced consistently. More than 70 % of methane was recovered from theoretical methane production of TCOD removed in this research. The produced gas can be directly used as a heat source to increase the reactor temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performances of organic removal and methane recovery by using a full scale two-phase anaerobic system. The full scale two-phase anaerobic process was consists of an acidogenic anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and a methanognic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The volumes of acidogenic and methanogenic reactors were designed to $28.3m^3$ and $75.3m^3$. The two-phase anaerobic system represented 60-82% of COD removal efficiency when the influent COD concentration was in the range of 7,150 to 16,270 mg/L after screening (average concentration is 10,280 mg/L). After steady-state, the effluent COD concentration in the methanogenic reactor showed $2,740{\pm}330 mg/L$ by representing average COD removal efficiency was $71.4{\pm}8.1%$ when the operating temperature was in the range of $19-32^{\circ}C$. The effluent SCOD concentration was in the range of 2,000-3,000 mg/L at the steady state while the volatile fatty acid concentration was not detected in the effluent. Meanwhile, the COD removal efficiency in the acidogenic reactor showed less than 5%. The acidogenic reactor played key roles to reduce a shock-loading when periodic shock loading was applied and to acidify influent organics. Due to the high concentration of alkalinity and high pH in the effluent of the methanogenic reactor, over 80% of methane in the biogas was produced consistently. More than 70% of methane was recovered from theoretical methane production of TCOD removed in this research. The produced gas can be directly used as a heat source to increase the reactor temperature.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

Autotrophic nitrogen removal and its microbial community from a laboratory scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor were characterized with dynamic behavior of nitrogen removal and sequencing result of molecular technique (DNA extraction, PCR and amplification of 16S rDNA), respectively. In the experiment treating inorganic wastewater, the anaerobic granular sludge from a full-scale UASB reactor treating industrial wastewater was inoculated as seed biomass. The operating results revealed that an addition of hydroxylamine would result in lithoautotrophic ammonium oxidation to nitrite/nitrate, and also hydrazine would play an important role for the success of sustainable nitrogen removal process. Total N and ammonium removal of 48% and 92% was observed, corresponding to nitrogen conversion of 0.023 g N/L-d. The reddish brown-colored granular sludge with a diameter of $1{\sim}2\;mm$ was observed at the lower part of sludge bed. The microbial characterization suggests that an anoxic ammonium oxidizer and an anoxic denitrifying autotrophic nitrifier contribute mainly to the nitrogen removal in the reactor. The results revealed the feasibility on development of high performance lithoautotrophic nitrogen removal process with its microbial granulation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.397-402
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• 2007

Anammox reactor seeded with sewage sludge from RBC reactor and anaerobic granule from full-scale UASB reactor treating distillery wastewater was operated. Mixed granule and suspended sludge in the ammonium oxidizing process were taken and analyzed to investigate microbial community structure by molecular methods such as gene cloning and phylogenetic tree analysis after 250 days of continuous cultivation. The average nitrogen removal rate showed $0.9kg\;N/m^3-day$ after 250 days of continuous operation, then the maximum nitrogen removal rate showd $1.9kg\;N/m^3-day$ when $2.1kg\;N/m^3-day$ of nitrogen loading rate was applied. As results of gene cloning and phylogenetic tree analysis, Three kinds of phylum were found to be Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes (anammox bacteria) in mixed granule. Five kinds of phylum were found to be Proteobacteria, Chlorobi, Planctomycetes, Nitrospirae and Verrucomicrobia in suspended sludge. We found planctomycete KSU-1 and putative new anammox bacteria in the reactor. Microbial structure represented different consortia depending on the types of sludge in the anammox reactor.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 1995

In the treatment of wastewater or sewage plant sludge with high solid concentration, high rate digestion process in which heating and mixing occur at a time is mainly used, and in the case of wastewater containing solid matter below 1000mg/ℓ the recently developed AF or UASB is developed Recently and commonly utilized. But these processes have weakpoints such as clogging of packing media and need of long period of trial run after microorganism granulation. In this point of view, there are active researches on the ASBR( anaerobic sequence batch reaction ) that is capable of treating of organic matter with reactor that has no packing materials and controlling the inflow time, reaction time sedimentation time and outflow time by time control without loss of microorganisms. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficiency of ASBR process according to the reaction time, change of treated water quality and gas output rate in the treatment of wheat plant wastewater.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.91-97
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• 2008

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of the addition of granular activated carbon (GAC) and granular sludge on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating leachate. For the control reactor, sludge obtained from an anaerobic digester was used as a seed material. On the other hand, GAC and granular sludge were incorporated with the seed sludge in the GAC reactor and the Granule reactor, respectively. The shortest acclimation period was observed in the Granule reactor. The GAC reactor also gave comparable performance to the Granule reactor at the beginning of operation. However, as the adsorptive capacity of GAC was exhausted, the effluent COD concentration increased gradually. Once the systems were stabilized, the GAC reactor showed slightly better results than the other two reactors in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. COD removal in all reactors was more than 90% at hydraulic retention time of 1.0 day. Furthermore, GAC reactor showed little variation in COD removal rate and remained at 95% with organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.0 to $8.2kg\;COD/m^3.d$. Initial operating period was reduced by the addition of granular sludge, while the treatment efficiency was enhanced by the addition of GAC.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.136-146
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• 2007

Landfill leachate was successfully treated in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors regardless of the addition of granular sludge. Initial operating period was significantly reduced by the addition of granular sludge. At hydraulic retention time (HRT) of one day, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates in Control and Granule reactor were maintained over 90%, respectively with organic loading rate (OLR) of $4-8kgCOD/m^3.d$. During the experiment, the inorganic precipitates were accumulated in and around the sludge, and in the wall of the reactors were formed in both reactors regardless of addition of granular sludge. Specific methanogenic activity (SMA) increased as adaptation of microorganism to the substrate and OLR were increased. The maximum SMA value of the sludge for Granule reactor was about $0.57gCOD/g{\cdot}VSS{\cdot}.d$. The SMA value was not decreased because of excessive inorganic accumulation, however, it was needed to have pre-treatment process of influent to remove the inorganic metals.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.288-293
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• 2018

The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on biogas production during leachate treatment using an anaerobic reactor type Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket. For this purpose, four HRTs ranging from 12 to 48 h were experienced. The obtained results showed that higher amount of biogas could be produced during longer HRTs. However, HRTs longer than 48 h could not affect clearly the biogas generation and considered as unnecessary given the small additional amount of biogas produced during the degradation process. A volume of $0.434L/L_{leachate}/d$ was achieved during the treatment with a HRT of 48 h. The higher biogas production, the smaller chemical oxygen demand (COD) values achieved. Besides, COD removal and biogas production positively correlate, showing that the active biomass has degraded effectively the organic load to produce biogas. Moreover, all the analyzed physicochemical parameters have experienced a decrease after 48 h except for the pH, which increased to approximately neutral value. More precisely, a decrease of 93.8%, 89.7%, 95%, 70%, 77%, and 84.4% was recorded for COD, electrical conductivity, total suspended solid, turbidity, $NH_4{^+}-N$, and $NO_3{^-}-N$, respectively.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2003

H$_2$-producing bacteria were isolated from anaerobic granular sludge. Out of 72 colonies (36 grown under aerobic conditions and 36 under anaerobic conditions) arbitrarily chosen from the agar plate cultures of a Suspended sludge, 34 colonies (15 under aerobic conditions and 19 under anaerobic conditions) produced H2 under anaerobic conditions. Based on various biochemical tests and microscopic observations, they were classified into 13 groups and tentatively identified as follows: From aerobic isolates, Aeromonar spp. (7 strains), Pseudomonas spp. (3 strains), and Vibrio spp. (5 strains); from anaerobic isolates, Actinomyces spp. (11 Strains), Clostridium 5pp. (7 strains). and Porphyromonas sp. When glucose was used as the carbon substrate, all isolates showed a similar cell density and a H$_2$ production yield in the batch cultivations after 12 h (2.24-2.74 OD at 600 nm and 1.02-1.22 mol H$_2$/mol glucose, respectively). The major fermentation by-products were ethanol and acetate for the aerobic isolates, and ethanol, acetate and propionate for the anaerobic isolates. This study demonstrated that several H$_2$ producers in an anaerobic granular sludge exist En large proportions and their performance in terms of H$_2$ production is quite similar.