• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Identification and characterization of endophytic yeasts inhabiting the roots of Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. and Quercus salicina Blume require biotechnological and culture-based techniques. METHODS AND RESULTS: Homogenized U. parvifolia and Q. salicina root samples were spread onto four types of agar medium containing ancgtibiotics, L-sorbose, and Triton X-100. In total, 25 yeast strains were isolated and subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on their internal transcribed spacer region sequences. The results revealed that the yeast genera Cyberlindnera (12 isolates) and Cryptococcus (1 isolate) were associated with roots of U. parvifolia; and the genera Rhodotorula (8 isolates), Trichosporon (3 isolates), and Kluyveromyces (1 isolate) were associated with roots of Q. salicina. Additionally, a Kluyveromyces isolate produced a detectable level of bioethanol. The yeast strains reported herein may be used in industrial production of biosurfactants and bioethanol. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that the endophytic yeast genera Cyberlindnera and Cryptococcus predominated in roots of U. parvifolia; and the genera Rhodotorula (8 isolates), Trichosporon (3 isolates), and Kluyveromyces (1 isolate) predominated in roots of Q. salicina. Additionally, Kluyveromyces isolates produced a detectable level of bioethanol.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate temperature effect on seed germination behaviors and seed viability changes by drying periods of three Ulmus species (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai, U. pumila L., and U. parvifolia Jacq.) distributed in Korea. Statistical analysis showed that temperature had a significant effect on mean germination time in three Ulmus species, but its effect on germination percentage was only shown in U. parvifolia (p<0.01). U. davidiana var. japonica and U. pumila germinated relatively consistent in all temperature conditions, especially the latter showed high germination behaviors in low temperatures (10-15$^{\circ}C$). U. parvifolia germinated well in high temperature (25$^{\circ}C$), while this species rarely germinated in low temperature conditions (10-20$^{\circ}C$). The results confirm that seeds of U. pumila and U. parvifolia are orthodox seeds which can be stored under 4-8% moisture condition, and U. davidiana var. japonica seed is recalcitrant seed which is difficult to store for a long time. In conclusion, these differences of the germination behaviors for three Ulmus species seem to be adaptive regimes of their natural habitats, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

Stem and root of elm trees have used as traditional medical materials, but there is little information on the distribution and resources of habitats. Korean native growing Ulmus spp. (U. davidiana var. Japonica, U. parvifolia, U. davidiana, and U. macrocarpa) genetic resources studied through The National Forest Inventory of Korea data and field survey. The distributions of U. davidiana var. japonica according to elevation distributed evenly. Both U. parvifolia and U. davidiana were inhabited mostly at less than 200 m of altitude. Each Ulmaceae species widely were distributed nationwide, but a dominant species was different depending on locals. It observed that Ulmaceae inhabits mainly in steep slopes of 31-45 degrees. Most of the habitats regenerated by natural seeding and the most abundant species were a codominant tree. Distribution of trees in U davidiana var. japonica was 7 m-13 m, and in young U. parvifolia and U. macrocarpa, more than 25% of young trees less than 7 m observed. The distribution of the diameter of breast height of the U. davidiana var. japonica was 46.4% for 11-20 cm, 52.6% for 11-20 cm in U. parvifolia. The average T/R ratio was 0.83, and the mean weight ratio of root bark was 62%. As the results of this study, the domestic Ulmaceae biomassare very small. It is difficult to harvest in that the habitat on the slope. Thus, it is too hard to develop functional materials using biomass at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology for the selection and propagation of elite trees of Ulmaceae.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2016

Drought tolerant species from 26 Korean native plants were selected using different physiological indicators. Arundinella hirta, Solanum carolinense and Carpesium divaricatum were withered after 8days of the stopping of irrigation. Plants except Kummerowia striata, Lespedeza cuneata and Ulmus parvifolia were withered in over 80% at 9-10days of the irrigation stopping. K. striata was withered after 10days, and L. cuneata and U. parvifolia were withered in over 90% after 11days of the stopping of irrigation. As stopping experiment of irrigation, A. hirta, S. carolinense, C. divaricatum, K. striata, L. cuneata and U. parvifolia were proved to be drought tolerant species. Among those plant species, transpiration rate of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino was high as 0.042ml/㎠·4hr. However, unit transpiration rate of U. parvifolia and L. cuneata were 0.005 and 0.010ml/㎠·4hr, respectively. In testing of physiological indicators, leaf area and transpiration rate were different among plant species. Unit transpiration rate of U. parvifolia was lower compared with other plant species. L. cuneata, U. parvifolia, Kummerowia striata, Arundinella hirta and C. divaricatum were high in relative water content and low in relative water loss. As this results, L. cuneata and U. parvifolia. were identified as drought tolerant species.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

The bark of Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (Ulmaceae) has been used for the treatment of gonorhea, edema, scabies and eczema marginatum. Previous investigations conducted with the heartwood and leaves have demonstrated it to contain sesquiterpenes as well as fat acids from the heartwood and flavonol glycosides from leaves. However, no phytochemical work has been done on the bark parts of this plant. Investigation of the phytochemical constituents in the barks of U. parvifolia has resulted in the isolation of sterols, sterol glucoside and a catechin glycoside, $(+)-catechin\;7-O-{\alpha}-{_L}-rhamnopyranoside$, all of which were isolated for the first time from this plant. Sterols were consisted of the three components, ${\beta}-sitosterol$, stigmasterol and campesterol in a ratio of 92.1:4.1:3.8, and sterol glucoside was identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol\;3-O-{\beta}-{_D}-glucoside$. The structure of the catechin $7-O-{\alpha}-{_L}-rhamnoside$ was established primarily by analysis of $^1H-and$ COSY-45 NMR, HMQC and HMBC and EI mass spectra of the heptaacetate. Especially, HMBC spectrum provides effective way for the determination of the point of attachment of the rhamnosyl group to catechin moiety.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2006

Twenty-four different natural food materials extracted with 80% methanol were used to investigate the inhibition of cell-mediated immediate type allergic reactions induced by compound 48/80 in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). Nine 80% methanol extracts screened at a concentration of $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ inhibited histamine release from RPMCs induced by compound 48/80. Of these, two materials (Ulmus parvifolia and Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang) were extracted and fractionated into four different solvent types (chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol, and water), and the fractions with major anti-allergic effects were assessed. The chloroform fraction of U. parvifolia (UP) at $5\;{\mu}g/mL$ and the ethylacetate fraction of L. platyphylla Wang et Tang (LPWT) at $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ showed the greatest inhibition of histamine release induced by compound 48/80. The chloroform fraction of UP and the ethylacetate fraction of LPWT in combination showed a greater inhibition of histamine release than either fraction alone. The cAMP levels in RPMCs treated with UP and LPWT were significantly greater than in cells treated with compound 48/80 alone. Our studies suggest that extracts from UP and LPWT may alleviate immediate type hypersensitivity reactions through the increase of cAMP levels in the mast cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to find optimal amount of fertilization of container seedling production for Zelkova serrata, Ulmus parvifolia, Betula costata and Tilia amurensis. To reach our goal, we measured root collar diameter (RCD), height, biomass and seedling quality index (SQI) of container seedlings of four deciduous hardwood species grown at three different fertilization treatments ($0.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $1.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $2.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$). Z. serrata seedlings grown at $2.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ fertilization and B. costata seedlings grown at $0.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ fertilization showed the highest RCD, height, biomass and SQI. The RCD and height of U. parvifolia and T. amurensis seedlings showed no significant differences by fertilization treatments. Seedlings of two species at $0.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ fertilization showed the lowest SQI, however, SQI at 1.0 and $2.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ fertilization treatments were not significantly different. Based on these results, it is appeared that container seedlings of Z. serrata at minimum $2.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ fertilization, U. parvifolia and T. amurensis at $1.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ fertilization and B. costata at maximum $0.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ fertilization were optimal nutrient conditions. Practice of optimal fertilization rate will make us get better quality seedlings and reduction of production costs in the container nursery system as well as good field performances with higher survival rate after planting.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.735-743
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• 2010

In order to inspect growth responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann, Quercus acutissima Carruther and Ulmus parvifolia Jacquin to NaCl treatment, NaCl solution was treated for four months with 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM concentrations, then survival rate, change of relative growth rate, weight, dry weight and pigment content of leaf were investigated. According to NaCl treatment, pH and EC (electrical conductivity) of soil increased, and growth rates of four tree species fell apparently as treatment time became longer. U. parvifolia had the highest survival rate with 15% in the 200mM treatment, and the other three species withered in the treatment. Relative growth rate, weight and dry weight decreased when NaCl treatment time grew longer. The total chlorophyll declined after it rose to 60 days, and the total chlorophyll and carotenoid of the all species according to NaCl treatment did not change very much. With the result from anlayzing growth responses of four tree species to oxidative stress which occurs during NaCl treatment, U. parvifolia has the highest tolerance, followed by K. paniculata, F. rhynchophylla and Q. acutissima.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.324-332
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of container types on seedling growth of Betula costata, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Zelkova serrata, and Ulmus parvifolia in the container nursery system. We used three container types [20 cavities (150 seedlings/$m^2$-400 mL), 24 cavities (200 seedlings/$m^2$-320 mL), and 35 cavities (260 seedlings/$m^2$-240 mL)] and measured root collar diameter (RCD), height, biomass, seedling quality index (SQI), and root density. The root collar diameter, height, biomass, SQI, and root density of seedlings were the highest at 20 cavities/tray in all six species because this container type has the largest volume and lowest seedling density. However, F. rhynchophylla growth at both 20 and 24 cavities/tray, Z. serrata growth at both 24 and 35 cavities/tray and B. costata growth at all sizes were not significantly different. As expected, container volume was positively correlated with RCD, height, and biomass of five species except for Z. serrata, but seedling density negatively did. Based on these results, 20 cavities/tray are optimal for L. tulipifera, F. mandshurica, and U. parvifolia, 20 or 24 cavities/tray for F. rhynchophylla, 24 or 35 cavities/tray for Z. serrata, and 35 cavities/tray for B. costata, respectively. Usage of optimal container will make us get good quality seedlings as well as reduction of production costs in the container nursery.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.352-366
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to offer the basic data to the habitat conservation and management by surveying and analysing the ecological characteristics such as the flora, vegetation structure and soil of Rhodotypos scandens habitat. The flora were summarized as 131 taxa including 57 families, 99 genera, 107 species, 1 subspecies, 17 varieties and 6 forms. The life forms grouped as in the follows; the megaphanerophytes(MM) were 21 taxa, 24 taxa of the microphanerophytes(M), 30 taxa of nanophanerophytes(N), 6 taxa of chamaiphytes(Ch), 20 taxa of hemicryptophytes(H), 17 taxa of geophytes(G), 12 taxa of therophytes(Th) and 1 taxa of hydrophytes(HH). The present conditions of communities were 8 types including Zelkova serrata, Quercus aliena, Ulmus parvifolia, Rhamnella frangulioides, Castanea crenata, Albizia julibrissin, Celtis sinensis and Robinia pseudoacacia. In case of the dominant species by layers, the tree layer species were Zelkova serrata, Quercus aliena, Ulmus parvifolia, Castanea crenata, Albizia julibrissin, Celtis sinensis and Robinia pseudoacacia, and the subtree layer species were Rhamnella frangulioides, Q. aliena, Z. serrata, A. julibrissin, U. parvifolia and Broussonetia kazinoki. The shrub layer species was Rhodotypos scandens. In the results of analyzing the diversity index, $H^{\prime}{_{max}}$ from 1.691 to 2.610, from 2.197 to 3.466 in H'max, from 0.646 to 0.903 in J' and from 0.097 to 0.354 in D. In the results of analysing the soil, there showed that acidity was 5.6, 0.5dS/m of electrical conductivity(EC), 59.1mg/kg of available $P_2O_5$, 49.7% of organic matter content, $0.4cmol^+/kg$ of exchangeable $K^+$, $13.5cmol^+/kg$ of exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $3.3cmol^+/kg$ of exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$.